Lake Umbagog journals, 1871-1916 (inclusive)

SB-97.415 (16) I.O. Birds of Lake Umbagog, Maine. ✓ Antrostomus vociferus - - - - - - - - - I. ✓ Chordeiles virginianus - - - - - - - - 2. ✓ Chaetura pelagica - - - - - - - - - - 3. ✓ Trochilus colubris - - - - - - - - - 4. ✓ Tyrannus tyrannus - - - - - - - - - 5. ✓ Myiarchus crinitus - - - - - - - - - 6. ✓ Sayornis phoebe - - - - - - - - - - 7. ✓ Nuttallornis borealis - - - - - - - - 8. ✓ Contopus virens - - - - - - - - - - 9. ✓ Empidonax flaviventris - - - - - - - 10. ✓ trailii alnorum - - - - - - - - - - II. ✓ minimus - - - - - - - - - - - - I2. ✓ Otocoris alpestris - - - - - - - - - I3. ✓ praticola - - - - - - - - - - - I4.

Antrostomus vociferus.

Antrostomus vociferus. L. Umbagog, Maine. Antrostomus vociferus. - On May 30-June 10, 1871. Sept. 11 & 15* Lake Umbagog, Maine. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1905. Antrostomus vociferus September 20. A sang once (eight or ten repetitions of the "whippoorwill") near my tent on Pine Pt. in the evening twilight. Sunny clear & warm " 28. A bird sang again in the lawn. Here this evening: then sang faintly, six to eight notes each time. Sunny clear, still, cool. Antrostomus vociferus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June 10. The guides say it occurs everywhere throughout the forests, especially on burnt land. A male sang every night near the Hotel. 1874. Aug. 31. Shot an adult male among thinly-growing second-growth birches on Burnt land. 1881. May 16. One singing cheerfully this evening although it was pouring at the time, I always wonders how this bird manages to get breath, it sings so rapidly and so long.

Antrostomus vociferus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1888 Antrostomus vociferus ✓ Late singing Sept. 11 At daylight this morning I heard a Whippoorwill at the Sluice when we were camping. He uttered his cry about 5 times in the usual quick succession. He did not ing a second time nor did we hear him the previous evening which was Still, clear & warm. This evening the same bird sang at frequent intervals for fifteen or twenty minutes. The greatest number of repetitions of the “whippoorwill” was nine. At Machias last June I counted 158 without an intervening pause.

Antrostomus vociferus. 1895, September 20. Lake Umbagog. Pine Point. As twilight was falling at evening a Whip-poor-will sang eight or ten notes within a few rods of my tent.

Anrostomus vociferans 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 10 * Bethel. " 11 * sang only once, about 20 repetitions. 11 * crowing 'the light', 4/5 male & of balladeer. 1903. June 3' 5' 6² 7² (all singing in woods near Dr. Gehring's) Bethel. 1906. June 14 * at am. Bethel.

Anthostomus vociferans 1907 July 18^2/x at em. 19^2/x 21^1/x Bethel.

Chordeiles virginianus. 1908 June 13 Shortly after Sunset last evening Night-hawks began keeping over the city, near for from the head of State Street. There were several of them, evidently. I heard them at intervals through the night which was clear & lighted by a full moon. They have been calling again this morning. I cannot tell whether they are frequent or rare here in this city. There are 6. of these birds. There can be, with us no doubt, I think so, since these birds are abundant for the season and breeding to fly, ground nests of which are a good many in the vicinity of this colony.

Chordeiles virginianus. L. Umbagog, Maine. Chordeiles popetue.- Common . May 30 - June 10, 1871. Chordeiles popetue.- Canals' Meadows June 9, June, 1872. a. 'a.' "Morning" / Chordeiles popetue.- July 20, 24; Aug. 23; Sept. / 1873. July 30 - Aug 13 1874 / May 25 1876 / May 24 $ . 25 ^ am June 22 / 1880 May 14 * . 29 mandarin / garden Chordeiles 1^o. - 4^l- 5^a Sept. 1887. Chordeiles 1889 Sept. 13^ Lake Umbagog, Maine. Chordeiles virginianus 1894 August 25 ② mig. 26^1 Bethel " 28^1 Ballside " 29 ^ 31^ Pine Point . September 1^ " " 1895. August 28 (12) Bryant's - ⑤ 30^1 Ballside Lake Umbagog. Chordeiles virginianus 1896. May 30 ② Bemand's Pond . June 9 ③ 3. / 3^1 Near Ballside. June 14 ^ Colebrook, U. N.

Chordeiles popetue. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June 10. For three successive nights (June 4-6) these birds came in large numbers to a small patch of cultivated ground in the garden, here they alighted moving about with a strange awkward sideling motion. So tame were they that if one was shot the others paid no heed, but contin- ued feeding. All of a number that we killed were female. The males meanwhile were sweeping about overhead high in air, occasionally diving and booming. 1873. July 20. In the evening just at dusk, they came about the house in large numbers alighting in the garden. " 24. I hear them now only in the morning and evening twilight; if they are abroad in the middle of the night they are at least silent. Aug. 23. On still evenings they are now often to be seen hawking about over the Lake in large flocks. The males, however, still boom regularly. Sept. 3. All have apparently gone; I saw the last several days ago. 1874. July 30. I hear them constantly those moonlight nights as late as 10 P.M. Aug. 13. Still booming regularly morning and evening. 1876. May 28. Very numerous this evening flying through the door yard as of old, a few booming high up in air. Several were seen yesterday and one or two heard May 25 near Poplar Tavern.. " 30. One brought down with a broken wing made no attempt at defence or intimidation when touched but simply walked away with an awkward sideling motion.

Chordeiles virginianus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1876. May 31. Unusual numbers this evening visiting the patch of freshly-turned earth in the garden. They would sweep in just above the fence, and after skimming close over the surface of the ground would make a half wheel and alight. Sometimes as many as three or four would pitch down together. I watched they very carefully and was satisfied that they were catching insects. When one alighted it would sit motionless for a moment with head and neot stretched p to an astonishing height and then bob its head up and downa number of times much in the manner of a Screech Owl, and finally, if all remained quiet, make a short run and pick up something from the freshly-turned earth. Those runs were made very quick- ly, though awkwardly. Not infrequently the bird would (May 31) over on its head and flutter clumsily to regain its balance. They reminded me of so many great toads and picked up insects in nearly the same way. I noticed that they carried their tails raised like Terns and the tips of their wings trailing. All that came to the gar- den were females: the males meanwhile were booming high in air over Cambridge River. June 4. Seating myself on the edge of the beds in the gar- den this evening I waited the coming of the Night Hawks. In a few minutes they began to arrive and for sometime were continually coming and going. Each individual re- mained only a minute or two and there were rarely more than three or four on the ground at one time. Several alighted within six feet of me and I found that I could move abouta little without attracting their notice. One which I started suddenly uttered a clucking whuk, whuk. Their gait when walking slowly was todling and feeble. As on previous occasions they seemed to be picking up insects from the freshly turned earth; but if this is really their occupation I cannot imagine why the males do not also come as they certainly never do. " 5. Mr. William Stone brought me a fine adult male Night Hawk which he shot as it staradd off its egg. He did not see the female. The locality was a small clearing grown up with low bushes. The egg lay on a mound which was nearly surrounded by water.

Chordeiles virginianus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1876. June 7. In the evening of June 5 I noticed that two male Night Hawks repeatedly dove over the same spot while booming and at that time I also saw a female rise from the ground beneath; going to the place to-day I imme- diately startled the female from her eggs. The locality was a tract of burnt forest on the edge of a clearing, the fire having entirely destroyed the trees and black- ened the ground. Upon visiting the second place I star- tled another female which was also sitting on two eggs. Both birds acted similarly; they rose about fifteen yards ahead of me and fluttered off simulating lameness but not actually touching the ground as they flew. Af- ter going about thirty yards they alighted on the ground and uttered an odd clicking sound, bobbing their heads up and down in the manner of those previously seen in the garden. The first set of eggs was laid on the bare blackened ground; the second on a bed of soft, intensely green sphagnum moss. Upon shooting one of the females I found that the bare incubating space was on the breast instead of the abdomen, the latter part being thickly feathered. “ 9. At noon with the sun shining brightly numerous Night Hawks were hawking after insects and occasionally diving and booming over the middle of the lake.

Chordeiles popetue. 1879. Maine (Lake Umbagog). May 24. One booming over the lake this evening. " 25. Abundant this evening, the males booming in all directions. June 22. Watched a male closely this evening. He worked his way skyward by jerky, moth-like flights until an elevation of several hundred feet had been reached when he set his wings and dove earthward. When within about forty feet of the ground--the distance varying somewhat on different occasions--the tips of his wings were suddenly turned forward and at the same time the remarkable ripping "boom" was heard. The connection at this alteration in the angle at which the wings were held and the production of the sound was too obvious to admit of any doubt that the latter was caused by the wings, instead of being vocal. He invariably came down over the same spot though from various starting points, and I was not surprised when, a little later, the female rose from the ground at the termination of one of his plunges and skimmed off close over the ground, the male following her closely. June 23 I visited the spot about noonday and started the female. She pretended lameness, and tried all her arts to lead me away from the place, so that I felt sure that she had either eggs or young, but on the scorched and blackened ground I could not find them. 1880. May 20. Numbers. June 4. Dozens flying about this evening, mostly in pairs. The males would mount hundreds of feet in the air and then dive down after the flying female overtaking and brushing past them within a few inches, at the same time "booming". 1881. May 14. One booming this evening. " 16. Had a good chance this evening to compare the note of the Nighthawk with that of the Woodcock. They are wonderfully alike but the Woodcock's cry is feebler and cannot be heard more than fifty to a hundred yards. " 29. Nighthawks came around the house in great numbers this evening sealing through the dooryard close to the ground, and alighting in Mr.Abbott's garden as they always do at this season.

Chordeiles virginianus. 1896, August 15. Lake Umbagog. Cambridge River marshes. A little after sunset I heard two Night Hawks peeping rapidly as if they were rising to boom, but I did not hear them boom nor did I see them, and presently the peeping sound ceased.

Chordiles virginianus 1897. Lake Umbagog. June North Branch Squamish da da. 2 4 Pond 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1903. June 4 6 Bethel.

Chordeiles virginianus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Upton, Oxford County. Nest /2 (1946), June 7, 1876, coll.Wm.Brewster. Female shot and skinned. Eggs fresh. Eggs laid on moss. Locality among stums on edge of woods. Two eggs (1947), June 7, 1876, coll.Wm.Brewster. Eggs laid on bare ground on burnt land among dead trees on edge of woods. One egg (1948), June - , 1876, coll.W.Stone. In clear- ing among wild currant bushes. Eggs laid on mound surrounded by water. Another egg nearly ready for shell found in oviduct. ♀ shot, 15

Chordeiles virginianus. P = Pine Point. 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 9ᵗʰ 12ᵗʰ 13ᵗʰ 14ᵗʰ 15th (keeping steadily on wing but not apparently boming) 18 & 22⁴ 26-² 27² 15ᵗʰ A little after sunset I heard two Night-hawks keeping quickly as if rising to boom but I returned in vain for the boom & presently the hawking ceased. The birds were evidently flying over the Rocker but I did not see them. 18ᵗʰ A little after sunset Night-hawks suddenly appeared in every direction, flying towards the S.W., rather high. I counted eight in sight but one & saw others later. Our keeper turned towns. I have with doubt three these birds were migrating. September 7ᵗʰ Flying South at 30 P.M. ✓ 1898. Grafton P August 22⑮ 12 23 (keeping) ✓ 1900. September 3⁴⁴ 6 21 c. 8' 9' Pine Point; 21' Lake House.

Chaetura pelagica. 17

Chaetura pelagica. L. Umbagog, Maine. Chaetura pelagica.- Common. May 30-June 10, 1871. Chaetura pelagica.- Sept. 8 I saw one flying over Richardson Lake. 1873. Chaetura Aug 8-10 1874 1887. Chaetura Sept. 1-17- " " Chaetura Sept. 11- 1888 Lake Umbagog. 1896. Chaetura pelagica P. = Rain Pt. May 11 12 Bethel to Upton " 12 20 " " 12 20 13 30 14 20 15 15 16 15 } Baldwin " 17 10 18 10 19 20 20 15 21 10 } " 22 ½ 24 ¼ 27 ½ 28 ¾ 29 ¾ " 30 20 towards 31 ½ Pond. June 1 15 2 12 3 10 4 10 5 15 6 ½ " 9 20 10 5 12 20 13- 14 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Chaetura pelagica August 24 30 25 20 Bethel June 4. saw Barn swallows three birds drop into a big hollow pine tree on Rapids River. Mature chicks but had smooth nests no marks. " 5. Saw one enter small hole in holes of big pine talighting on edge & crawling in like a swallow. 18

Chaetura pelagica. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873. Sept 8. Saw a single bird flying over Richardson Lake at sunset. Have seen none before for at least a week past. 1874. Aug. 8. Still here. “ 24. In the deserted barn at the Cross place I heard several Chimney Swifts twittering after dark on the evening of August 15. Inspecting the premises this morning I found one of their nests built in the end of the barn near the ridge poll. It was glued to the vertical face of the boards, and was precisely similar in every way to chimney nests. 1879. May 21. Late this afternoon saw Chimney Swifts collecting from all directions and swooping about the chimneys on a house on Bathol hill. The throng increased rapidly, until a large troop was circling about the house in a huge endless ring. As it grew darker their anxious manner and incessant twittering showed their impatience to get to bed, and they began to drop into one of the chimneys, a tall slender one of modern shape. At first, indeed for many minutes, the majority failed in this attempt. They would somehow miss the mouth of the chimney and scale off to speedily return and try it over again. As it grew darker they seemed to become more successful and at length nearly the whole troupe poured down into the chimney in a continuous stream that seemed as if it must fill the space within to overflowing. There were at least two hundred birds in all. June 15. Alva Coolidge tells me that in 1877, he took a set of eggs from a nest built in a tall dead stub near the Outlet. He discovered it by seeing the birds fly into the hole which was a natural one of rather large size, entering the side of the trunk. The nest was constructed in the usual manner and was glued to the inside of the cavity against the wood. A pair of these Swifts are at present building in a car enters shop near the mill, attaching their nest to the boards directly over the work bench..

Chaetura pelagica. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1880. (June 21) Saw one enter and emerge from a hole in a gigantic elm on the bank of Cambridge River about a mile below B. Meadows. The hole was about six inches in diameter and entered nearly vertically. 1880. June 23. Set C-4. Incubated about eight days--nest in a barn, placed against the wall near the top. The owner of the barn tells me that it has been occupied by a pair of these birds for several seasons. Last year there were two other nests on his farm, one in the chimney of the house, the other in the well attached to the masonry of its sides. Water was daily drawn from this well and when the bucket was lowered the sitting bird would usually, but not always, come out.

Chaetura pelagica. 1896, June 5. Lake Umbagog. Nest in hole in dead pine. Nearly opposite this spot (north bank of Androscoggin a little below the mouth of Megalloway) on the south bank stands a large white pine which has died within a year or two. As we were passing this tree on our way down river we saw a Chimney Swift en- ter a small, round hole (no larger than a Hairy Woodpecker's hole) in the side of the trunk about 20 ft. above the ground. The bird did not fly - or flutter - or drop into the hole but alighting on its lower edge crawled in precisely as a Tree Swallow would have done. On our return we tapped the tree with an oar and the Swift came out like a shot, darting off over the river and out of sight. I was most anxious to have the tree cut open, but the trunk was so large and the bark so thick and hard that Watrous pronounced it useless to try to climb it, even with the aid of his climbing irons.

Charitara helasgia 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 10³⁰ Bethel 11 ¹⁸/₁₅ hd. 16 ¹⁷③ 19③ 20² 20③ 21⁵ 22³ 24 5a+ 25⁻⁵ 26 5b+ 27 20 29 30 30^ 28 100+ 31 ⅛ June North Branch Outlet Brook 2¹⁰ Pond 3¹⁰ 4¹⁰ Megunticook 6. 7¹⁰ 8,9, 10² 11² 12² 14² 15-20 Colebrook village at warming) Bethel. near Salkawin " Great Island Colebrook N. H. 1903. June 3 ⁴ 4⁸ 5-6 6⁸ " 9 ³⁰ or ⁴⁰ flying over valley at warming " 11²⁰ " 13 ⁶ 14⁶ " 15③ " 15⁻⁶ flying over village Bethel. Norway. Bethel to Lyton Lakeside " Great Dam Colebrook N. H. On June 13 I found a nest in my boat house at Lyton built in the usual manner against the inner framework of the vertical board wall well up in the front of the raft. There was fresh droppings beneath it. I did not see the bird. She must have entered the building by a small hole just over the door. On the following day I discovered another nest similarly placed in the barn at Salkawin. The bird was clinging to the boards just beneath the nest.

Chaetura pelagica O.= Onthe marina P= Pine Point. 1896 Lake Umbagog. August [7 5] 8⁴ 9³ 10² 12² 14¹ 15¹ 16¹ 18³ 20⁴ 31⁷ September 2² 6'P 1898 August P. P. P. P. P. 21= 22Ⓜ️ 23¹ 24¹ 26¹ 27¹ 28¹ 30¹ 31¹ September 1² 1902 September 9' Andorra, Maine 1907. July 18⑦ 20¹⁰ Bethel " 23③ 24⁶ 30³ 31² near Balcony L. Umbagog August 2 flying young in nest in deserted camp by woods. Sargent Cove Nests in " 5' nest with egg shells beneath it but no birds seen in my boat house, Upton Camp " 7⁴ flying young in nest in Alvin Costidges barn " barn etc. 1906 June 13¹² wing - Bethel.

Chaetura pelagica. Lake Umbagog. 1903. June 13 At the opposite end of this boat-house my boat-house built in 1899 , well up in the north gable inside, I found a Swift's nest attached to the vertical wall of rough spruce board- ing. Fresh droppings beneath indicated that it is occupied this season, as it was last, according to Jim, but I saw nothing of the birds. Their only chance of ingress and egress, apparently, is a small opening just over the big sliding doors in front. 1907 Chaetura pelagia B. Umbagog August 2 As I was walking along the road, past the Sawyer Cove I saw a Swift enter, almost at full speed, a hole in the roof of a small shed from which a storm funnel had certainly been removed. At the same instant, I heard the shrillness of young. A minute or so later the old bird emerged and flew off over the gable. I then entered the shed & found, as I had expected, the nest fastened to the gable end of the rafters about 2 ft. below the handle of the roof & 7 ft. above the floor. A fully feathered bird which I took at first to be young flew out of the nest in a few minutes later. I then saw four or five young in them some times or four young in this nest. They were about half grown. They were pretty feathery. I watched in the shed until came early dusk, it was nearly dark, at Upton there is a Swift's nest built in a similar manner but on my boat house with eggs & chicks beneath it on the floor 24

Trochilus colubris. 4 25

Trochilus colubris. L. Umbagog, Maine. Trochilus colubris. - Common. May 30 - June 10, 1871. Trochilus colubris. - Rather common. June, 1872. 1651 May 20 Aug 6 Kitch - 24 Sept 2 - 1874 May 22 23 24 26 Jun 5 1850 1879 / May 22 23 24 26 Jun 5 - / May 18 Trochilus colubris 6 Sept. 1887. Lake Umbagog, Maine. ( m.t = white throated & par young ) Trochilus colubris 1894 August 27 'riv Balside at bed of navigation fulva / 1895. August 29 (w.T Crofton) 30 (w.T Bak House) 31 w.T. Bolands Lake Umbagog. 1896. Trochilus colubris May 15 (at Canada flying 15 338 ds, 16 near " 17-18 1/2 19 20 21 22 ) Bollins " 25 (fine Pt.) 30 'P June 2 4 5 (Berier snows) 6 26

Trochilus colubris. Naino (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June 10. Rather common, breeding. 1872. June 3- 14. Quite common. Their courtships which we observed frequently are most interesting. The male poising about ten feet above the spot where they female is sit- ting darts down at an angle of about 45°, and passing an inch or two above her, rises on the opposite side, turns, poises a moment, and plunges again, repeating his shrill chirp incessantly. This is kept up for a minute or more when he either flies off, or settles lightly on some twig near his mate. 1874. Aug. 5. Shot a young bird in fall plumage. It was sitting on the top of a high spruce and kept up an incessant shrill scoop a note which I have never heard the bird utter before. " 21. They have become very abundant within a few days, " 24. One poised for a moment within a few inches of a sleeve of a bright-colored cardigan jacket which I was wearing, evidently taking this garment for a bank of brilliant flowers. This has happened to me once before recently. In neither case did the bird seem to discover its mistake until I moved slightly and frightened it. 1879. May 22. The Canada plum trees in the garden are in full bloom and their snowy mass of blossoms seems to have attracted all the Hummingbirds of this region. A per- feet swarm of them was collected there to-day; more than I ever say together before. One small but very full- blossomed tree seemed especially favored and there must have been at least twenty Hummingbirds about it at once, the sound of their wings producing an incessant humming like that of a swarm of bees. They were very tame per- mitting me to approach within five or six feet I think they spent the night in this particular tree for upon visiting it after it had become nearly dark I made out several perched among the slender twigs, their lit- tle forms distinctly outlined against the sky.

Trochilus colubris. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1879. May 23. As last night was clear, cold and accompanied by a frost which is said to have killed much of the corn in the surrounding country I feared for the safety of the Hummingbirds left in the orchard last evening. But up- on visiting the place this morning I found them apparent- ly uninjured and in even greater numbers than before. Many were buzzing about sipping the honey from the blos- soms, while others were sunning themselves under the lee of the trees, perched on wood stalks within a few inches of the ground. One and all seemed somewhat numbed by (May 23) the cold, and each little form was so puffed up, that it looked like a ball of down. As the sun rose higher they resumed their characteristic nervous energy and the snowy canopies of blossoms witnessed many a spirited con- test between the pugnacious males. The females were in about the proportion of one to four females. The males paid them little attention devoting most of their time to feeding, and quarrelling with one another. They are evidently not yet paired. I heard only two notes a sharp squeak and an exceedingly fine twittering. Their fights were most entertaining being spirited and decisive to a degree; sometimes the combatants would cone to the ground clinched together and when the weaker gave way and fled there was always a sharp pursuit. The orchard was filled with their shrill squeaking and the hum of their tiny wings was incessant. What a pity that a scene so interesting must be so transient. In a day or two the blossoms will fall and then another year must pass before the plum orchard will be again re- visited by these charming little sprites. " 24. The plum trees showering down their faded petals and the Hummers nearly all gone, only one or two lingering about the scene of their late revels . June 5. A common resident; I see them daily. 1880. May 18. One poising in front of a few freshly-opened blos- soms of the Canada plum-tree in the garden. 1881. May 20. One darting like a bee across Leonard's Pond. It is in advance of the season for the Canada plum trees will not bloom for several days yet.

Trochilus colubris. 1897. Lake Umbagog. June 5th marshy & Island. " 15th Clearing 2m. cost of dry with notch. 1903. June 10th Dr. Lakin's flower garden Bethel.

Trochilus colubris. P. = Pine Point W.T. = white threaded bird 1896 August [8' Belhead 9' Grafton] 11 W.T. / 14 2 W.T. 15 3 W.T. / 16 1/7 3 W.T. / 8 W.T. 20 W.T. 2 5/1 W.T. 16 One attacked a Hum Bird flying rather high over the Cambridge River, rushing 100 yards or more from the nearest woods rising above and darting down at him, apparently striking his head & certainly annoying him greatly & causing him to guard his head as well as to dodge. After amusing himself thus for a minute or more the Humming made for the woods rising & falling in long deep undulations, looking no bigger than a bee against the white sky. 1898. August Belhead Grafton P. P. 22 22 24 30 Aug. 30 At about noon a young or 2 Humming flew into our open camp and alighted on the crown of the dining table & sat for a minute or more. It may have mistaken the dark crimson table cloth for a bed of flowers. 1902. September 6' 9 Belhead. 1904. September 11' 12' 15' Belhead. 1905. September 1 white threaded bird 4 da. 6 da. Belhead. 1907. July 18' 19' Belhead. " 23' 25 da. & 29' Lakeside August 6 Grafton 9 Grafton

Trochilus colubris. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1896. Attacks a Kingbird. Aug.16. As I was leaving the Upton landing at 1 P.M. I saw a Hummingbird chasing a Kingbird over the open marshes 50 or 60 feet above the ground. Keeping above the big clumsy fellow it gave him a good dose of the medicine which he is so fond of administering to the Crows and Hawks darting down at and apparently striking his head and forcing him to dodge as well as to put forth his best speed. At length the Hummer ceased this evidently wanton persecution and, rising and falling in long, deep undulations, shot off for the nearest woods looking no bigger than a Bumble Bee against the white sky.

Trochilus colubris. Pine Point, Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1898. At about noon Will Sargent saw a Hummingbird fly into Aug.30. our open shed camp where it alighted on the corner of our dining table. It may have mistaken the dark crimson table cloth for a bed of flowers.

Tyrannus tyrannus. 1908 Tyrannus tyrannus Bethel July 29 (Bullying a Purple Martin) Maine. As I was walking along the street this afternoon I saw a King bird in pursuit of a Purple Martin. How the trouble originated I do not know for the two birds were in full flight and practically merged in one, so far as the eye could distinguish them when they first attracted my attention. Whatever may have been the real or imaginary offense the Martin (a young bird with already strong on the wing) got a terrible thrashing for the Kingbird followed him darting for the lawns for more than 100 yards, dealing him a and through the trees, dealing him a series of vigorous kicks on the back and rump and keeping close at his tail without apparent effort. He cried out loudly at each blow but attempted no defense. After the Kingbird gave up the pursuit the Martin rose high in air and curled off over the woods.

Tyrannus tyrannus. L. Umbagog, Maine. Tyrannus carolinensis - Uncommon May 30-June 10, 1871. I night. Tyrannus carolinensis.- Aug. 27 1873. 1887. 1887 Tyrannus Sept. 1²- 2¹ Tyrannus cas Sept. 3¹- 11¹ 1889 || Lake Umbagog, Maine. Tyrannus Tyrannus. 1894 August 24ᵇ 25ᶜ 26² Bethel " 27¹⁰ " to Upton. " 29- 31² Pine Point 1895. August 29 ③ ② ① to 30(3) Lakeside 31 (4) Lakeside Bethel September 2 5 (Bernard Pond) Lake Umbagog, 1896. Tyrannus Tyrannus P = Pine Point May 11' Bethel h = Bernard Pond. " 12(2) Grafton " 13- 14- 15- Lakeside " 22½ P1b. 23 24² 25³ " 27² 28(2) 30- June 1² 2- 3¼ 4¹ 5-ᵇ " 12¹ " 14⁶ Lakeside to Colebrook May 28. Nest nearly finished in fork of live wood & on one water Glassy Cove 34

Tyrannus carolinensis. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873. Aug. 27. While coming down the Lake about 10 P.M. a Kingbird came overhead, invisible, of course, for it was very dark but uttering his unmistakable cry incessantly. 1876. June 10. A nest neatly finished in the hollow top of a stub. " 17. A nest in the top of a hollow stub contained two fresh eggs. " 18. Nest in a hollow stub with three eggs. " 21. Two nests, one with three and the other with two eggs; the former set was incubated several days; the latter contained the same number of eggs since the 18th. " " Two nests built in the top of hollow stubs, the jagged edges of the shell of the stub just rising above the rim of the nest and failing to entirely conceal its exterior. The old birds very bold, diving down at me and snapping their bills. " 22. E-3. A nest found three days ago contained three eggs; the number had not been increased to-day. I think the Kingbird rarely lays more than three eggs here. 1879. June 5. A pair at work upon a nest about five feet above the water in a low stub; the female making frequent trips for usnea moss, the male invariably accompanying her but otherwise rendering no assistance. " 13. G-4. Set of four eggs incubated about two days. Nest in top of hollow stub two feet above the water of the Lake; it was found June 5 when the female was building. " 19. Set H-4. Fresh--hollow stub over water--height six feet. " 20. Set I-3. In top of stub over water. coll O.J. Morse. 1 egg about 7 days, 2 eggs added.

Tyrannus tyrannus. Upton, Oxford County, Maine. Nest /3 (1672), June 21, 1876, coll.Wm.Brewster. Eggs inc. In top of hollow stub 6 ft.above the lake. Set complete. Nest /2 (1673), June 21, 1876, coll.Wm.Brewster. Eggs fresh. In top of hollow stub 6 ft.above the lake. Nest deserted. Nest /3 (1674), June 21, 1876, coll.Wm.Brewster. Female sitting on 3 eggs June I8. Eggs fresh. In fork of dead birch over the lake and 8 ft.up. [cf. above with same notes] Nest /4 (1669), June 15, 1873, coll.Wm.Brewster. In top of hollow stub over the water. Hole descending from above to depth of 8 in. 36

Tyrannus tyrannus. Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer- tain North Am. Bbs. Wm. Brewster. 82. Tyrannus carolinensis. First plumage: male. Above uniform dark sooty-brown, with a scarcely appreciable lighter edging on the feathers of the nape. No con- cealed red on the crown. Wing-bands yellowish-white. Breast soiled white, with a band of ashy-white across the breast. From a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Me., July 24, 1872. Bull, N.O.C. 3, Oct., 1878, p. 176.

Tyrannus tyrannus 1897. Lake Umbagog. S. P. = Leonard's Pond O. = Outlet. May 14-17 (Billings) 22 30 31 3 Near Ballston " " S. P. Botts Brook. S.W. to F. O. June 1-2 Pond - 4-5 6 7 2 hours & 2 Outlet. June 15 midway between Dixville Notch and Colebrook, N.H., I saw a Kingbird sitting on a dead tree. Three Goldfinches alighted on a branch beneath him. The Kingbird at once swooped down at them when they flitted off in different directions, evidently much frightened. The Kingbird pursued one of them with the utmost energy and determination to outstrip it equal to that of a hungry Peregrine Hawk and at a scarcely less rapid rate of speed. Indeed it overtook the Goldfinch with the utmost ease but the latter, resorting to the tactics adopted by most small birds under similar circumstances doubled & thus gained some slight ground. Shortly every time its pursuer came up with it this was repeated from times in quick succession. Then the chase passed beyond my view behind some large trees & I do not know how it ended but at the last the Goldfinch seemed to be following the Kingbird to be on the point of seizing it. Scarcely a minute further on I saw another Kingbird attack and give chase to a Flicker which alighted on the ground near a fence on which the Kingbird was sitting. Here again the two birds disappeared just as the Kingbird was outstripping the Flicker. 1903 June 4' 5² 6² 7³ 10² Bethel. " 9⁴ Norway " 11⁸ Bethel to Upton, " 12² / 13² 14³ Flooded meadows mouth of Candady Run, Upton. 38

Tyrannus tyrannus. 1906 June 12th Bethel 1907 Tyrannus tyrannus G. Umbarger August 5 The King bird has not learned, apparently, to discriminate between Hawks of dangerous and harmless kinds: I saw one pursue a Fish Hawk for some distance this afternoon rising above it and darting down to peck at its head and back. Half an hour afterwards, as I was sitting in my Darling cause tree, a large King bird alighted on a dead branch which is only about 6 feet in height. It remained there only an instant; however. The said tree not located on the lawn. 1907 Tyrannus tyrannus G. Umbarger August 10 Despite his fearlessness in destroying Hawks and Crows, the Kingbird - like many another Bully under similar conditions - sometimes goes away and seeks safety in cowardice when assailed by a bird not keen when assailed by a more powerful than and apparently was more powerful than himself. I saw this happen today when a Yellow-bellied Woodpecker pursued a Kingbird in a circle and counter-clockwise, a King bird passed behind B. Point, where I sat within ten yards when I came within ten yards when I saw the Woodpecker dash repeatedly at the back of the Kingbird who was at the back of the branch and darting and twisting all the while, and giving his shrill alarm notes incessantly. After they had separated, the Woodpecker alighted on some one or two sticks where I was surprised to find that it was a young bird, apparently a ♀.

Tyrannus tyrannus. 1896. Lake Umbagog. August 9 5 10 3 11 4 /2 3 13 4 (i) /4 3 15 4 16 3 17 3 18 4 19 2 21 2 27 1 30 1 14 th A king mobbing a Cooper's Hawk with great courage rising above darting down at him when perched on a pine tree as well as when flying. The hawk was trying to catch a Song Sparrow. It seemed strange that he did not turn on the slow-flying clumsy King birds. 1897 September 25 . One at sunset perched on the dying elm at the foot of the rapids at the Ball House, sitting almost motionless & showing no disposition to fly out in front of visitors although the evening was calm & warm. This is a very late date for the departure of the King bird here. 1898. August 22 2 (D) (D) September 3 3 Red 1900. September 2 2 . Newry. 1902. September 9 2 Belchet. 1907 July 18 2 19 2 Belfast. " 25 1 29 1 31 2 } near Ballside August 5 -6 9 2 10 2 12 2 14 1 15 -2 } 40

While visiting my friend Mr. John M. Thayer at his country place in Lancaster, Massachusetts about the middle of August, 1910. I was surprised to learn that a dozen or more Kingbirds, which we started from a belt of shrubbery by the roadside, had been feeding there for days on the fruit of the arrow wood ( Viburnum dentatum ). Mr. Thayer had repeatedly watched them eating the small, dull blue berries with great apparent eagerness and relish although they are dry and bitter to the human palate. At length I saw a bird pick one of them from the stem and quickly swallow it. On no other occasion that I remember have I ever observed a Kingbird eating anything save insects.

Mylarchus crinitus. 6 42

Myiarchus crinitus. Myiarchus crinitus.- June 15 near Bethel, Me. 1872. L. Umbagog, Maine. Myiarchus crinitus.- June 4 most June, 1872. May 23 - May 12 above. 13 Aug 14 - 1874 common 3- 13- 14- 17 several also common 1876 / May 24 9 Lake Umbagog. 1896. Myiarchus crinitus. May 23 Top of knoll, old yellow & sugar tree grove, near Glossy Cove. " 26. Spelman's Point (near Pin Point). " 30 Bernard's Pond June 1 " " 4 " " 5 " " 12 Near Rooden Brook at east that where I trsle a last years ago. " / 3 Blowing on Lake from at western extremity of Storm farm (now join Mrs. Bowd) The above records relate to at least three of perhaps four individuals. The bird (or birds) oticed May 23 & 26 did not settle, however, in the places where it (or they) were heard on those dates. 43

Myiarchus crinitus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1873. June -- Shot a male in the thicket of spruce and birch on the edge of the Stone Farm; he was silent and shy. During the drive to Bethel June 15, we heard two of those Flycatchers, one in Newry, the other in an old orchard about two miles north of Bethel. 1874: Aug. 14. One perched on the top of a tall white pine on the edge of the Stone Farm, calling at intervals.

Myiarchus crinitus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1876. June 1. Saw a pair and one single bird along the path to the Stone Farm; they were noisy, as usual, and very shy. " 3. One among the flooded forest of stubs at the Outlet. " 18. Heard one near the post-office on Upton Hill. " 14. One calling behind the barn all day long. " 17. Heard them everywhere about the shores of the lake. They are fully as common here now as the Olive-sided Fly- catcher. " 19. Mr. Purdie who returned to-day from the Megalloway tells me that this species was rather common about the lower settlement. 1878. May 24. One in the woods behind the Lake House. June 1. As in 1876 this Flycatcher is fairly abundant along the shores wherever there are plenty of dead stubs; nor is it wanting upon higher ground, for I heard one this af- ternoon at least a half a mile from the Lake on Upton Hill. Although it was certainly a rare bird here in 1871-2 it is now, in suitable localities, nearly as com- mon as Contopus borealis. " 5. One entered a natural hole in an ash stub about fifty feet above the water. At least six pairs seen to-day. 1880. May 21. One, the first. June 9. Set B-5. Incubated three days--solitary stub sur- rounded by water four rods from shore; nest about twelve inches below entrance, which was an old knothole large enough to admit the hand; height ten feet; female sitting. She flew from the hole before we were within gun shot. Her cries summoned the male but both were very shy, rarely coming within gun range. They made less noise than I expected. 1881. May 13. Seen to-day. Alva Coolidge says that they were yester- day.

Myciarchus crinitus. O. = Arbutus S.m. = Lower Megalloway 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 24 m. and of 26' m. and of 28' m. and of 29' do. 30. June. 31 3/4 (one at Arbutus, two on Lower Megalloway); June S.m. 4 3/4 - 5 1/4 6 1/4 7 2/4 O. 8 2/4 " 10 3/4 maples from at the shore. 14 2/4 Shapman's Point near 15 1/4 men Pure " ballena. June 8 The ? of a pair settled among the tall elms near the entrance to Leonard's Pond was building at 3 - 6 this morning. I could not watch her to the nest because I was otherwise engaged at the time. She took large mouthfuls of bark & rotten wood from a elm near me. The ? sat on a tall elm nearly one hour, cutting very half minute or so a ringing & plaintive melodious whin - whin - whin - whin - whin which seemed to take the place of a song. 1903. June 4 1/4 Spruce tree 6 2/4 Dr. S.'s 7 1/4 Paradin's hill Bethel " 9 3/4 Norway.

Myiarchus crinitus 1907 July 25 Sargant Can num Lokosiele.

Mylarchus crinitus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Approach to a song. 1897. When I entered the forest of stubs this morning (near June 3. the entrance to Leonard's Pond where I went to watch the Whis- tler's nest ) I was surprised to find the place perfectly si- lent and apparently deserted. What had become of the host of Swallows, Grackles and Woodpeckers which are nesting there? Literally not a bird of any kind was in sight or hearing. Half an hour later (I was at the Whistler's ne_st at 4.30 A.M.) they began calling, singing and flying about. I was especially interested in a pair of Great Crested Flycatchers. The female was building somewhere behind me but I could not remove my eyes from the Duck's nest long enough to follow her flights. The male sitting on the top of a stub nearly over me kept calling whit-whit-whit-whit-whit in tones mellow and musical for this harsh-voiced species. I suspect that this may be the nearest approach to a song of which the Great Crested Flycatcher is capable.

Sayornis phoebe. 7 49

Sayornis phoebe. Sayornis fuscus Oct. 9 (Bernards Pond) 10 Bernards Pond in full song L. Umbagog, Maine. Sayornis fuscus - several males May 30-June 10, 1871. Sayornis May 26 '73 49 Sayornis Sept. 20 (Bethel). 27 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Sayornis fuscus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June 10. Saw a few males. Sayornis phoebe. 1899. Oxford County, Maine. Sept.27', Bethel.

Sayornis phoebe. Leonard's Pond, Lake Umbagog. 1888, October 9. (Snow storm. Saw) a Phoebe. 1888, October 10. Snow storm. Leonard's Pond, Lake Umbagog. While stalking these Ducks I heard a Phoebe sing several times.

Sayornis phoebe 1897. Lake Umbagog. may 13- June 15 ① Between & Colebrook, N.H. 1903 June 3¹/₄ 4²/₅ 5²/₃ Belvid, " 9³/₄ Norway. " 13' Ball Horse Bridge 14' boat house at Sudbury Barnard & Upton 15¹/₄ nest in stuck our dam. Errol Dam

Sayornis phoebe 1896 Lake Umbagog. September A Phoebe in full autumnal plumage visited our camp at 17 2/5 Pine Point this morning. It was raining at the time and the bird kept low down among the brinks fluttering from place to place, doubling out after insects & wagging its tail when perched. It was very tame & I had an excellent view of it. It must have been a migrant for I looked for the species in vain in May and June last in the region about the lake. 1898. August 21 Beller 22 (2) 1900 September 2' Newry : 24' Beller. 1902. September 7⁵ 9⁶ 10⁴ Beller. 1904. September 9' 12' 16' 21' Beller. October 1' Beller. 53

Sayornis phoebe. Lake Umbagog. Phoebee's nest under bridge. 1903 June 13 A pair of Phoebes continue to nest under the bridge that crosses the river by the mill where I found them as far back as 1872. I saw one of the birds to-day very near this bridge. They used to be the only Phoebes known to occur about Umbagog but there is another pair settled this season at the steamer landing in front of Lakeside where they probably have a nest in one of the boat houses. 54

Nuttallornis borealis. 8 55

Nuttallornis borealis - L. Umbagog, Maine. Contopus borealis. - Numerous May 30-June 10, 1871. 9 nest 3 nest Contopus borealis. - June 4, /10, /11 June, 1872. new. Contopus borealis. - July 3/ 1873. 1887. Contopus bo Sept. 2- July 26 - Aug 4 broad of - 8 2 . 14 1 ad - 1874 / May 26 / 1876 / May 26 / 1879 May 22 1 24 2 ev / 1880 1851 May 14 5 May 20 tw Lake Umbagog, Maine. Contopus borealis 1894 September 1 - Pine Point Lake Umbagog. Contopus borealis, P. = Pine Point 1896. May 15 - (Storm) / 17 * (Sargent) / 19 do. " 20 * White, 21 * (Morm) form clearing) " 22 1/4 P. 23 2/4 24 1/4 P. 25 3/4 * " 27 2/4 28 4/4 29 * P. 30 2/4 P. 3 & woods 31/4 P Pond. June 1 3/4 2 1/4 3 3/4 4 3/4 5 4/4 6 1/4 * " 10 3/4 12 2/4 13 1/4 * " 14 1/4 Dixie Nubble (near Dry House) 56

Contopus borealis. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June 10. Numerous, haunting the hilly pastures and wood edgos, perching as usual on the tops of the highest stubs We saw none in the flooded forests about the Lake. 1873. July 31. Male. Several calling. 1874. July 26. Still singing. Aug. 4. Shot a young bird from a brood of three. As observed at Ryo Beach in 1872, these young were calling gh-phebo- air in feeble accents but in nearly the tones of the adult. " 7. Shot an adult still in very perfect brooding plu- mago. " 8. The adults are still in perfect brooding plumago. I doubt if they moult in the summer. 1876. June 1. A male hovering with quivering wings above his mate uttered a long-continued chattering cry almost in- distinguishable from the spring song of Sitta carolinon- sis.

Nuttallornis borealis. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1879. May 24. Several males near the Lake House calling from the tops of stubs. " 30. Fully as abundant as during former years. We heard them continually yesterday during our trip up Cambridge River to the Sluice. In Belknap's "List of the Birds of Central California", it is said that the hunters of that state, liken the ordinary note of this bird to the words "three deer". Upon repeating this to one of the guides yesterday he at once recognized the resemblance (which must indeed, strike evryone) and further extended the exclamation by suggesting the addition of the word "look" to represent the gluck which almost invariably precedes the utterance. This fine Flycatcher is remarkable for its fondness for some particular perch usually the highest point in the neighborhood. In the woods bordering the Cambridge, this is most commonly the topmost pinnacle of some tall fir. Upon a dead tree-top behind the Lake House one of those birds sits through the entire day. This morning I heard him utter a note that I do not remember to have heard before; it was a querulous, whirring sound very like that produced by Empidonax acadicus. This note is apparently most frequently used by the Olive-sided Flycatcher when two males are fighting, or when a male and female meet_it_is_difficult_to-say-which_as_the-opposite sexes even when mated are continually quarrelling. Contopus borealis. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1879. (June 23) Set B-1. Incubated about three days. The female was sitting and probably would have laid no more eggs. Horizontal branch of tall spruce on edge of woods--height fifty feet. I found this nest by watching the birds and saw the female go to it. The male drove away every bird that came near the tree, among others a Hairy Woodpecker which was fiercely assailed and ignominiously put to flight. The female was sitting to-day; she left the nest when my guide began to climb the tree and with her mate darted down about his head, both birds snapping their bills and keeping up a great outcry. [The ers in bar]

Nuttallornis borealis. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1880. May 20. Sevoral. June 11. A newly finished nest in a spruce. The old birds dove down about my climber's head although the nest was empty. " 14. Set C-4. Incubated four days; horizontal branch of tall, slender spruce, near extremity and about four feet from the trunk; height forty feet; female sitting. As we landed near the spot she left the nest and joined her mate, both birds uttering their anxious pill-pill- pill. Upon our withdrawing a little distance she re- turned to the nest, again leaving it when my guide began to climb the tree. Neither of these birds came very near while he was taking the eggs. S. Elwyn B. Evans. " 16. Set D-3. Incubated three days; near extremity of horizontal branch of black spruce, eight feet from trunk; height twenty-five feet; female sitting; she flew off when we rapped on the tree and alighted on a dead branch near sat in perfect silence while we took the nest and eggs. The male did not appear and I have seldom heard him near this nest which was immediately behind the Lake House. " " Set E-3. Fresh--extremity of short horizontal branch of exceedingly tall black spruce, three feet from trunk; height forty-five feet; female sitting; when my guide ascended the tree both she and the male swooped about his head "snapping their teeth". Point east of Stone farm. " 19. Set F-3. Fresh--near extremity of horizontal branch of black spruce, midway between ground and top of tree which was a tall slender one; height twenty feet; fe- male sitting; we rapped sharply on the tree without starting her nor did she leave the nest till my guide had nearly reached it. She then flew to an adjoining tree where, with the male, she kept calling pill-pill-pill, but neither bird plunged about the climber's head nor snapped their bills. 1881. May 14. Saw five, the first. 59

Nuttallornis borealis. 1894, September 1, Lake Umbagog. Pine Point. We saw . . (on a walk to the spring and around Osgood's Point) an Olive-sided Flycatcher. . . (It) was perched on the very top of a tall spruce whence it kept darting out after flying insects. It was perfectly silent. I have never before seen this Flycatcher in New England at so late a date.

L. = near Bellamin G. I. = Great Island. S. P. = Leonard's Pond S. M. = Swan's Margaway. Contopus borealis. 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 14¹/₄ 17¹/₂ 20¹/₄ near Laconia " 21¹/₄ 22²/₃ 23¹/₄ 24³/₈ 25¹/₄ 28¹/₈ 30¹/₄ " Great Island S.P. S.M. " 30¹/₄ 31⁴/₉ Head of Falls. June S.M. S.M. S.P. S.P. 2⁶/₇ 4³/₅ 5¹/₄ 6²/₃ 7³/₈ 8¹/₂ 9½ 9²/₃ 5²/₇ 6. " 11¹/₆ 12¹/₂ 13¹/₄ 14³/₈ 15⁵/₆ 1903 June 4¹/₄ Caniberg Bethel. " 13¹/₄ 14¹/₄ both near Pease Spring Upton " 14¹/₄ near the Forks. Cambridge River " 15²/₃ First Dam. 61

Contopus borealis 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 10* near Baldridge 28' 1897. September 5: - perching on the tree trunk in front of our camp at Rain Point first before brook, diving out after flying insects; perfectly silent. 1907. August 2' 7' 5"4 (1.x). 6 calling 7* 4 calling 8' 10² 12² 9½ Near Baldridge.

Contopus virens. 63

Contopus virens. L. Umbagog, Maine. Contopus viriens. - Uncommon May 30-June 10, 1871. Contopus vi Aug' 8 2 jun just /s 1874 | May 2 s' 1879 | May 21 1880 | May 23 1881 1887. Contopus vir Sept. 2 * - 6 * - 9 * - 10 * - 15 * Contopus virens Sept. 6 * - 8 * || Oct. 1 * - 2 * - 8 * - 11 * - 13 * 1889 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Contopus virens August 26 * Bethel. Contopus virens Lake Umbagog. 1896. P. = Pine Point May 25 * 28 * P. June / Browns Pond. 3 * 6 * Contopus virens. Maino (Lake Umbagog). 1874. Aug. 8. Two young birds, just from the nest and being fed by their parents, were very noisy calling nser, nser, pse-or in a peevish tone very like that of the Least Fly-catcher. The female parent was in perfect spring plumage. Indeed I begin to suspect that adults of this and the Olive-sided Flycatcher do not moult as all in summer. 1879. May 28. One seen and heard this evening. 1880. ay 21. One, the first. 1881. May 23, Heard one in the flooded forest at the Outlet; the first this season. Contopus virens. 1899. Oxford County, Maine. Oct. I 'f jw. Lake Umbagog (cf. detailed notes). 64

Gontopus virens. 1897. Lake Umbagog. June 3' (seagrass Pond) 4' (loose impalway) 5-6 (seagrass Pond), 10 3/4 Beach, 12 Great Island. 1903 June 4-5 green 5-6 blue 8-10 & 10-12 ds. Belvidere. " 9 2/3 Norway. " 14-15 Ballston. 1906 June 13-14 Belvidere. 65

Contopus virens 1899. October 1' at my boat house near the Bath House in Lynn (the pond) 1902 September 10' near Audubon, Maine. 1907. August 1* 12* near Baldridge.

Contopus virens. Descriptions of First Plumage of Certain North Am. Bbs. Wm. Brewster. 85. Contopus virens. First plumage: male. Above olive, with a brownish cast, the feathers of the crown and interscapular region with a faint edging of pale fulvous, those upon the nape having a much broader one of dull ash, producing a well-defined band or collar. Wing-bands light reddish-brown. Beneath, with sides of throat, breast, and body, light olivaceous-ash ; rest of under parts pale sulphur-yellow. From a specimen in my collection taken at Upton, Me., August 8, 1874. The young in autumnal plumage differ from adults in having the wing-bands pale fulvous, the under parts of a slightly deeper yellow. Bull. N. O. C, 3, Oct., 1878, p. 177.

Contopus virens. P. = Pine Povr 1896. Lake Umbag. Bittern August [8] 9 11 13 15 17 22 30 P. 22 A Wood Pewer singing steadily near Saltmide this formon. Singing later It was literally in full voice and gave all the usual than any other variations of the song in quick succession, keeping it up as bird except the goldfinch long as I was within hearing. I have heard the same bird in the same place repeatedly before (all the above dates relate to it) and it must have bred there. It has fairly out-sung all the other species found here except the Goldfinch. (Red-eyed grouse ceased on the 16th and Song Sparrows on the 12th) September 6 P. 1898. near August 22 in afft orchid. September 20. A young bird in company with Zitune & Yellow wings in an alden thicket near Parmachenee Carey, Upper Magalloway Rivr. It was very tame & I identified it beyond any question.

Contopus virens. Lake Umbagog. A belated bird. 1899. The most interesting experience of the afternoon was that Oct. 1. of finding a Wood Pewee cowering under the lee of my boat house. Its plumage was ruffled and somewhat bedraggled and the bird act- ed as if benumbed and discouraged but its eyes glowed brilliant- ly and it made occasional sallies into the air among the falling -flakes as if mistaking them for flying insects. snow. ^ It spent most of the time on the ground or rather on a pile of chips and pieces of boards where it hopped or fluttered from place to place apparently finding and picking up some kind of food but just what I could not discover. It was so tame that I almost caught it in my hand. Once it alighted on the threshold of the open door and looked in as I thought wistfully. It was a young bird and showed the grayinh neck markings conspicuously. 69

Empidonax flaviventris. 70

Empidonax flaviventris. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June 10. Took five specimens during our stay, these were all that were seen. They were found in dense, gloomy arbor- vitae swamps where their presence was usually betrayed by their low pco-o. Mr. Maynard also heard both sexes singing; their note sounded to him like the word killink. Any sudden noise, such as the cracking of a branch or the report of a gun, seems to excite rather than to alarm them and frequently on such occasions they will fly to the spot as if impelled by curiosity. 1872. June 3- 14. Found generally throughout the arbor-vitae swamps but rather more numerous in the willow and viburnum thick- etsbordering Cambridge River. What seems to be the song of the male is a short, feeble sl-at which appar- ently corresponds to the chelat of the Least Flycatcher. 1873. Aug. 29. Heard a number to-day in the swampy woods bordering Cambridge River. 1874. Aug. 3. Two young just from the nest were sitting side by side on the branch of a viburnum overhanging Cambridge River, uttering a juvenile version of the sl-at of the adult. 1876. June 14. Very abundant along the Tyler road the males sing- ing everywhere. The song is like that of the Least Fly- catcher in tone, but in general character perhaps more like the sl-ip of Henslow's Bunting. It may be closely imitated-by the syllables sl-at with the accent on the last. 1879. May 29. About six heard along Cambridge River. The song may be best described by the word: chebec, though it dif- fers from the chebec of E.minimus in being feebler and hoarser. June 14. The song note is ch-lat. 1880. May 20. Several. 1881. May 18. One, the first this year.

Empidonax flaviventris. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Nest /4 (1811), June 23, 1833, coll.Alva Coolidge. Identification inferential. "Incub." Nest "In side of a root in the moss". Woodroad between B.Pond & Upton.

Empidonax flaviventris. 1/3. Empidonax flaviventris. - May 30 near Bethel, Me. 1871. L. Umbagog, Maine. Empidonax flaviventris. - Not uncommon. May 30-June 10, 1871. Empidonax flaviventris. - June ? June, 1872. Empidonax flaviventris. Aug. 29 1873. Aug 3 Sept. 6 ad. 7 Sept. 8 & 10th. 1874 May 29 2d 1876 / May 29 6½ / 1880 May 28 Emp. flav. May 18 1887. Emp. flav Sept 8! Lake Umbagog. Empidonax flaviventris P: Pine Point 1896. May 23' P. 24 2/3 R. 28½ 29' P. 30' P. 31½ P. June 1 2/3 * 2 3 3 2/3 * 6 1/2 " 10 Hot Sun 1/2 Cambridge Moose River. " 14 Digby Notch. (in forest at highest point of road about 1/4 mile S. W. Dry House) May 24. - One bird song kē-kē with great distinctness, the other equally plainly che-Cat very like clubic of E. minimus but less loud & more bitter. " 29 One calling p'te, p'te, p'te exceedingly like the chirp of our English Sparrows.

Empidonax flaviventris A.P. = Lawrence's Pond. S.M. = Lower Myallamy 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 23 * 24 (Bear), 28 * 29 * June 2 (Bear) 2 m. 6 P. (Bear) 4 5 * 6 * 7 * Near Great 2d. 1903 June 5-1 calling free-e in alder thickets on South Androscoggin River " 15 * Bethel. Dipole Hotel.

Empidionay flaviventris 1898. September 1st 1907. August 7 2 collecting Cambridge Run; 8 collecting near Seaside

Empidonax flaviventris. Descriptions of First Plumage of Certain North Am. Ebs. Wm. Brewster. 89. Empidonax flaviventris. First plumage: male. Above uniform yellowish-olive. Beneath dull yellow, with a brownish cast, tinged strongly with olive upon the throat, breast, and sides. Wing-bands brownish-yellow. Altogether very similar in general appearance to the adult. From a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Me., August 4, 1874. Bull. N.O.C. 3, Oct., 1878. p. /78.

Empidonax flaviventris. ANOTHER NEST OF THE YELLOW-BELLIED FLYCATCHER (Empido- nax flaviventris). — In view of the seeming inconsistencies in the nesting habits of E. flaviventris, the record of the finding of another nest may be of interest. The locality was the Richardson Lakes, Oxford Co., Me.; the date, June 18, 1879; and the discovery was very similar to that of the nest which I secured last year at Grand Menan, and which is described in Vol. III, No. 4, of this Bulletin. Mr. Pearsall and myself were collecting in a tract of low swampy woods bordering on a stream, when a Yellow-bellied Flycatcher flew up from under my feet. An instant's search revealed the nest, when the parent bird was immediately shot. The nest was built in the side of a hummock of moss under the roots of a small tree, and was only about half covered over, the eggs being clearly visible from the outside. The construction, or rather the almost total lack of construction, was similar to that of the Grand Menan specimen, as were also the eggs, which were four in number and pretty well advanced in incubation. Does not this seem to argue something for uniformity in the breeding habits of this bird? Here we have three nests, one taken by Messrs. Purdie and Deane, and two by Mr. Pearsall and myself. The locations are quite far apart, viz. Houlton, Me., Grand Menan, N. B., and Richardson Lakes, Me.; and yet the situation and make of the nests, as well as the color and markings of the eggs, agree perfectly. In both cases which I have recorded the identity was beyond all question, as I found both nests myself, and the birds were never lost sight of from the time they left the nests until they were in our possession. Ornithologists may draw what inferences they please from these facts, but to my mind they augur ill for the identity of those nests which have been found in bushes, built of stubble, etc., and containing pure white eggs. — S. D. OSBORNE, Brooklyn, N. Y. Bull. N. O. O. 4, Oct., 1879, p. 240-241.

Empidonax traillii alnorum. 78

Empidonax f. alvorum, Empidonax trailli - May 30 near Bethel, Me. 1871. a.d. Topple low. Empidonax trailli - June 2 near Bethel, Me. 1872. L. Umbagog, Maine. Empidonax trailli - June 2, 3, 9, 11, 12, 13 June, 1872. July 30 - 31 Aug 4 adult Aug 6 brood 1874. June 1-15 1876 / May 29 / May 25 Sept. 1 Emp. trailli 4 young 1896 Lake Umbagog. 1896. Empidonax tr. alvorum. May 19 21 Near Bethel " 30! Leonard's Pond. June 1 3 " " " 3 " " " " 4 " " " " 5 " " " " 9 10 " " " 12 26 Medford 79

Empidonax traillii alnorum. Empidonax trailli. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1872. June 3- 14. Near the top of Upton Hill we found these Flycatch- ers abundant. One locality, comprising about three acres of alder thickets fringed about the edges with scattered poplars, literally swarmed with them, and af- ter twenty had been shot there their numbers were not appreciably diminished. Although at this time they were evidently settled for the season, they had not apparently, begun to breed, but last year's nest were found in abundance. These Flycatchers are very quarrel- some, fighting fiercely with each other, and driving all other birds from their retreats. They keep low down in the bushes, frequently perching not more than six inches above the ground. They appeared to catch flying insects less often than do other Empidonaces. They are very shy, and when pursued usually flit on ahead keeping near the ground and just out of range. Often one will start as if to fly only a few yards but really go the whole length of the thicket. This trick was noticed repeated- ly. They also have a habit of alighting with their backs towards the pursuer; nine out of ten were shot in the back. Their notes are numerous and uttered almost incessantly. What seems to be the song of the male is an emphatic quee-wooohy or quee-wench, sometimes Queo- quoah. The ordinary cry of both sexes is a petulant pip sometimes repeated several times in quick succession. They also utter an angry, querulous twitter, especially when fighting. When their retreats are invaded those in the immediate neighborhood become at once silent, although the report of a gun does not seem to alarm them. The males sing indifferently from the depths of the thicket or from the tops of the higher alders. Although they sometimes perch on the branches of trees overhead, they rarely sing in such situations. On June 9 we found Traill's Flycatchers numerous in the willow thickets along the edges of B Meadow, A female was seen building there. Nest A/3, (1839), June 27, 1873, Upton, coll. Wm.Brewster. Female started off nest & shot. In up- right fork of water willow 12 in.up. Bushy thicket sloping down to the lake shore. Eggs slightly incubated.

Empidonax traillii alnorum. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1974. (1) July 31. Shot one of a brood of several young. Although barely large enough to fly and still being fed by their parents, they called quoo-wichy exactly like the adults and kept darting up after flies. Aug. 4. Saw a number (all adults) on Upton Hill. (2) " 6. Found a brood of young in a thicket of low bushes. They called quoo-wichy in exactly the tone of the adult. The mother flitted nervously about uttering the usual pip of alarm. 1879. (3) May 29. Abundant among the alder thickets bordering B Meadows. 1876. June 17. A completed but empty nest at least ten feet above the ground in a spruce. 1879. (June 21.) Set D-4. Fresh--hardhack--two foot-- bird absent nest so conspicuous that I saw it thirty foot away. " " Set E-3--Fresh--in fort of willow--supporting branches at least one and one half inches in diameter--edge of thicket of mixed willows and young spruces on hillside--height three feet. Birds piping near the place but female absent. " " Set F-3. Incubated about three days--wild raspberry bush--two feet--nest effectually concealed--female sitting--flushed directly under my feet--shy but flitting around uttering her characteristic pip.. " " In addition to the nests just mentioned I found two others--one building, the other containing a single egg--both in hardhack bushes and not over two foot high; they were very conspicuous. " 23. A recently completed but empty nest on the Stone Farm. " " Set G-3. Fresh--hardhack--height three foot-- bird absent--edge of opening in second-growth birch maple and birch thicket--nest found June 21 when it contained one egg.

Empidonax traillii alnorum. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1880. June 15. Set M-3. Fresh; fork of hazel--isolated clump of hazels in pasture height four feet; female sitting. She flew off when I brushed past and uttered her characteristic dip from the thicket into which she retreated. Pearlee's pasture Egg given away. " 16. Set I-4. Fresh, upright fork of small birch shrub; nest very conspicuous from the long strands of dry grass that hung below it; female sitting; I got with-in a yard before she flew. Lake shore near Brown's. " 17. Set K-3. Fresh--in clump of hazel bushes well concealed among the broad leaves; height five feet; female sitting; she flew from the nest when I was about ten yards away, and was not seen again. Sayles' clearing. One egg broken- " 18. Set L-3. Fresh. Clump of hazels--well-concealed among the leaves; height four feet; female rather sat closely. Taken by A. Cotile in clearing beyond Brown's. " 23. Set N-3. Fresh--hardhack--height two feet; conspicuously placed and visible twenty yards way, found June 17 when it was completed but empty. Sayles' clearing- 1881. May 25. Arrived to-day. " 30. Between Upton and Bethel heard numbers, one in an elevated pasture grown up to small white pines. 82

Empidonax t. alnorum. S.P. = Leonard's Pond. 1897. Lake Umbagog. S.P. May 31²* June Leonard's Pond Floating it. 3⅓* 4⅓* 6⅔* Caitlin Warden. 1903. June 4th (from the / 6th (Dr. G's postman) I called here at 10 P.M. Bethel " 11⅓* Newry & Grafton " 12⅔* 14⅔* Salisbury " 13⅓* Falls Store " 14⁵ (B. Meadows & just below the Forks) Cambridge River June 4 Bethel. Listening critically to the voices of Junco Alnus & Agrestis calling, this morning, in Chubbs Bordering a Brook I noted the following variations in the calls:- P'ch or quip } All these notes are run into one another on wings through P'see or P'seer} nearly-graduated, intermediate calls. Irea or gwer or cher low, querulous, like call of a young bird 1906. June 13²* Bethel. 73

Empidonax T. alvorum 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 13 (heard) 14* (calling frequently at 5-5:30 P.M.) / 15 = 16 high water, 17' 22' 1907. July 20' calling. Bethel. " 23³ 24⁸ 29⁶ 30' 31² } from Lakeside August 2⅛* 3⅛* 5-' 7³(1⅛*) 9⅛* 10⅛* 12²⅛*

Empidonax traillii alnorum. THE NEST AND EGGS OF TRAILL'S FLYCATCHER, AS OBSERVED IN MAINE.—The structure of the nest, its situation, and the eggs of this species (Empidonax traillii), as found in the above-named State, are all quite different from Mr. H. W. Henshaw's description of them, as given in the first number of this “Bulletin.” The nest is built between the upright shoots of low bushes, from one to five feet from the ground, and is loosely constructed of grasses throughout, including the lining. It is a much less compact nest even than that of the Indigo Bird, though perhaps smaller in the average. The eggs are of a pale creamy white, with red- dish-brown dots, spots, or blotches of two shades, disposed chiefly about the larger end. This brief account is based on specimens obtained about Lake Umbagog, Upton, and at Bethel, Maine, by Messrs. William Brewster and H. B. Bailey, and at Gorham, N. H., by Messrs. George Welch and Duxbury Moon. I have lately seen nests and eggs of both E. acadicus and E. traillii collected at Columbus, Ohio, by Dr. J. M. Wheaton. Sin- gularly enough, that of the former (E. acadicus) bears a close resemblance in its structure to that of Maine specimens of Traill's Flycatcher, while the compact felted character of the latter (E. traillii) is entirely unlike any nest of this species from the Canadian fauna. The eggs of the Ohio nests are in each case of a decided buff color as compared with Northern ones. In this connection I would ask if it has been observed whether the ground color and markings of the eggs of species breeding in northern latitudes are of a lighter tint than those of the same kind laid in austral limits,—that is, does intensity of color hold good in eggs as it does in plumage ? — H. A. PURDIE. Bull. N.O.C. I, Sept. 1876. p. 75-76.

Empidonax traillii alnorum. Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer- tain North Am, Bbs. Wm.Brewster. 87. Empidonax pusillus trailli. First plumage: male. Above olive-brown, the feathers of the crown with darker centres. Wing-bands light reddish-brown. Throat, breast, and sides ashy, tinged with olive upon the breast and sides. Abdomen, anal region, and crissum pale sulphur-yellow. Distinguishable from E. acadicus in first plumage by the darker color of the upper parts, especially of the crown, and by the entire absence of the narrow transverse bands upon the back. From a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Me., July 21, 1874. Bull. N.O.C. 3, Oct., 1878, p. 177. 86

Empidonax traillii alnorum. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1888 ♀ feeding young call notes of " Specific characters Empidonax traillii 4 Sept. 4 An adult ♀ in alders feeding young which were barely large enough to fly & still bob-tailed. The old bird called 'pish' occasionally & was rather shy showing little Solicitude. The young kept in the tops of the tallest alders well concealed among the leaves. They called que-wichy (in rather full tones) at intervals and when fed uttered a low chattering cry. They frequently took short flights but were clumsy about it. Both old and young jerked their tails nervously. Upon comparing the old ♀ & one young with a best flycatcher shot at the same time I found that

Empidonax traillii alnorum. the form has the Tail fuller, ruddy Brown as found on the Little pemmyn The Tail is yellow, more brown-like appearance

Empidonax traillii alnorum. Bethel, Maine. 1903 June 4 On reaching the intervale beyond [Grover Hill] I found Alder Flycatchers in great numbers in the thickets bordering the sluggish meadow brook. I could hear them far and near in every direction. I noted the following calls:- Quee-quee or quee-queer both syllables strongly and about equally accented; queea, an ab- breviation, apparently, of the call just noted; quer or crer, low, querulous, very like call of young bird; pip or quip, the commonest call note and common to both sexes; p'see or p'seer, closely re- sembling cry of young Kingbird. Nearly all these calls were varied from time to time and several ran into one another through inter- mediate gradations.

Empidonax Traillii alnorum - Notes on Certain Flycatchers of the Genus Empidonax. by Wm B Brewster. Empidonax traillii alnorum, new subspecies. ALDER FLY- CATCHER. Auk, XII, Apr., 1895, pp. 161-3. Subspec. char.—Differing from E. traillii (i. e., E. “pusillus” of Baird and subsequent authors) in having the coloring of the upper parts richer and more olivaceous, the wing bands yellower and hence more conspicu- ous, the bill decidedly smaller and the legs rather shorter. Type No. 1367, collection W. B. & ad., Upton, Maine, June 3, 1872. There is of course nothing new about this separation or the characters on which it is based. Indeed, all of the latter — as 21 Baird apparently did not have the Audubonian specimens before him when he made the comparison of traillii and pusillus above referred to. At least he does not allude to them in the text nor are they included in his tabular lists. The series of what he con- sidered to be true traillii comprised nine examples, of which one came from New Hampshire, seven from Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and one from Mexico. The Carlisle birds were all taken in May and were unquestionably migrants on their way to northern New England or New York. Hence it is evident that his impressions of traillii were based on material which did not really represent that bird. I must confess to a certain sense of relief that, as has been just shown, the responsibility for the above separation rests mainly on shoulders other and broader than mine; for while I honestly believe it to be based on intrinsically sound characters, the differences between the two birds in question are, after all, so slight and so difficult of verification without the aid of large series of specimens for comparison that the identification of individual specimens by descriptions alone is an almost hopeless task. This, however, is by no means a novel condition among Empidonaces, for this puzzling group includes several forms which are positively known to be distinct species, but which in the dried skins cannot always be distinguished with either ease or certainty. The respective breeding ranges of E. traillii and E. t. alnorum cannot be mapped at present with entire precision, but I have had no hesitation in referring to the former all the breeding specimens that I have examined from the Mississippi Valley south of the 42nd parallel of latitude, and from North America at large west of the Plains, including skins from Fort Resolution on Great Slave

Empidonax traillii alnorum. 1907 Empidonax T alnorum July 31 Brooksile, VT I was at evening calling to our cottage in the backyard They used the high note and less frequently a peer or pique-la sort wholly unlike the que-queak of the Vireo season, or perhaps a modification of it but I think a different note. They were among last year flowers by the roadside 1908 Empidonax T alnorum & Umbago July 31 The Alder Flycatcher is one of the commonest of birds about the outskirts of our farms at the foot of Baker Umbago patch along the road. leading thither to Grafton in the other. It is found somewhat more sparingly in R. Meadow, on the banks of Burr Brook near Edwards Pond and, others perhaps no doubt, in a few other semi-open or brush grown places not far from the hills. It is a very retiring bird, never often heard than seen. Occasionally one will mount to the top of a dead tree or stump and perch there for minutes at a time, perhaps calling sometimes, every now and then leaping out in front of a thicket. But this does not flying about as a rule, this happens often for, as a rule, this bird remains in its favorite thickets. All times in summer up sharply. These many to records of less growing western of alders or of low growing willows Love? 90

Empidonax traillii alnorum. or perhaps of young singing birds of various kinds. If they are a little immature or springy the above description will be true for the flycatcher although it sometimes occurs in better, although in different situations. At least one week before its arrival in May immediately after its arrival in May and towards the close of its stay in our region it is not often found except on morning and evening when it sings and calls earlier and louder than do most other birds. Lester has noted that common residents I have noted to be its song as follows: Glee-geeer, glee-ah, gee-wish, gee-wrish All these notes are strongly whistled than it is difficult, even in the case of the Chicks eg of the Boat Flycatcher, to determine on which syllables this chief cement falls. They are sometimes given in gentle succession or at wider intervals wherever are filled by indescribable long harsh whistling or chirruping sounds. The normal call note of this older flycatchers is a harsh tone which, although used apparently and it

Empidonax minimus. 12 91

Empidonax minimus. L. Umbagog, Maine. Empidonas minimus.- Very common May 30-June 10, 1871. Empidonas minimus.- Abundant but locally distributed about the lakes. June, 1872. ♂ min' May 13. Sept. 4 [illegible] 1898 1896. Lake Umbagog. Empidonax minimus P= Pine Point May 11 ♀ Prettel. " 13♀ 14♂ 15♂ 16♂ 17♂ } Baldside " 18♂ 19♂ 20♂ 21♂ " 22²P 24Ⓟ P 25' P 27²P 29♂P " 30⁴P 31♀ R June 1²P 2♀ Leonard's Pond 3♂ 4♀ " 9♂ 10♂ 12² Bald side 1896 Empidonax minimus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. June 3.- At least two pairs were quarrelling in the birch trees - They have been there ever since our arrival & are doubtless settled for the summer. I do not find this species elsewhere about the head of the lake except at Leonard's Pond where I heard one this morning evening. Empidonax minimus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1890. May 29. Nest, one fresh egg. " 31. Set C-1. Slender drooping branch of small fir; eight feet. [Egg] worn and apparently not deserted. seen found May 28 with only one egg as to-day. Hayward's Print] 1891. Bird flew from nest (G Cast). May 13. Arrived to-day. [3798]

Empidonax minimus. Lake Umbagog, New England. Nest /5 (3064), June 18, 1897, coll.C.H.Watrous. Bird seen on nest. Eggs inc.3/4. "Sweat Cove on hemlock limb 20 ft. above ground, 6 ft.fr.trunk, 50 ft.fr.nest to top of tree. Found by Gilbert".

Empidonez minimus 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 10 2/3 Bethel " 12 2/3, 13 1/2, 14 2/3, 15 2/3, 16 2/3, 17 2/3, 18 2/3, 19 2/3, 20 1 " 22 2-26 Bethel June 3 (out) 6 / kites / 7 2/3, 14 2/3, head Jet. 1903. June 3 2/3 4 2/3 C. bridge 5 2/3 ds. 6 Leavenworth 8 2/3 Bethel " 9 2/3 Norway. " 11 2/3 Newry " 13 1/2 near Ball's House Leflore " 14 2/3 just below the Forks. Cambridge Rive 1906. June 13 1/2 Bethel.

Empidonea minimus. 1896 Lake Umbagog. August [ 13 "black & brook" ] 15' - legand distinctly. 1898. August Pine Point called whit - thorn gape 29 ' chabra with a dark train or worm in small succession. 1907. July 18' 19' 20' Bethel . " 25-② ⅛ ⅛ } from Balunida August 6' calling

EmpidonaX minimus. Lake Umbagog, New England. 1898. At about noon to-day I was surprised to hear a Least Aug.29. Flycatcher directly in front of the camp. First it called whit a few times and then it gave at least a dozen chebecs in unbroken quick succession but in rather feeble tones.

Lake Umbagog. 1909. June 22 9.30 P.M. During the past half hour I have heard at least six times, at intervals of about five minutes each, the chebee note of a Least Flycatcher coming from in shore to the (boat) house, in which I am writing. On each occasion this note has been given only once and in rather faint listless tones, suggesting that the bird when uttering it has been very sleepy and perhaps not really awake. While penning the above sentence I heard the call twice at intervals of less than ten minutes each. Now it comes again and this time there are two notes. I do not recall ever before hearing the chebee note after dark. The night is still and warm (another chebee note) with starlit sky but thunder muttering ( another chebee ) in the distance. 97

Otocoris alpestris. 13 98

Otocoris alpestris. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Otocoris alpestris. Sept. 22. A solitary bird flying about over a grain (oats) field on the farm at Ballard's rapidly rising high in air and going off northward over the mountains. It came within 100 yds. of me at one time and I distinctly made out its broad, black tail & some of the other markings. Even without this view I should not have hesitated to record it on the strength of the piping call notes which it uttered almost incessantly. This is the second time I have observed Otocoris here.. Of course either or both birds may have been O. praticola but the probability would turn to favor alpestris L. Umbagog, Maine. N Otocoris alpestris Oct 19 heard distinctly flying over Cambridge River marshes 1896 22 Otocoris alpe. Oct. 3 I both seen & heard distinctly at butte. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890.

Otocoris alpestris 1896 Lake Umbagog. Sept 25 Shot an adult of (thin feather) on the shore of Moon Point where it was running about a few yards from the water's edge than Grouse themselves. It was in good condition but less fat than most of the birds found on the sea coast at this season. " 27 Two flying together over B. Point (near Ballardvale) fishing. 1898 September 29 Heard one piping in a ploughed field in Grafton colony during part of the day. 1904 October 22 kd. 23 kd. 25 kd. Belcherville.

Otocoris alpestris. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. At the Outlet I saw a Horned Lark. It was flying and Oct.3. came directly over me and piped a number of times so that I made perfectly sure of its identity. 1896. Sept.26. Yesterday on Moose Point saw and shot one. It was run- ning about on the shore.

Otocoris alpestris praticola. 14 102

Otocorys a. praticola 1903 Coos Co., N.H. Errol. June "In Errol I found two colonies of Horned Larks and flushed the female from a nest with two young just hatched and an egg" (Ralph Hoffmann, after July 1, 1903) 103

Bethel Maine. 1909. June 1. 1909 June 1 Margaret Herrick, a bright girl 13 years of age, tells me Prairie Horned Lark. that Mrs. Rowe has formed a bird class Here. in the village. On the outskirts of the village, of it, in a sandy field to the eastward to the group of pitch pines the members of this class were shown a Prairie Horned Lark last Saturday, May 29th. It was so tame they got within a few feet of it. Margaret saw it and seems certain of its identity. It had been seen there before for a week or more.