Field Notebook: Illinois, Indiana, kentucky, Missouri, Wyoming, Pennsylvania 1909

Schuchert, Charles

1909

Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History

Original Source

Source Material:
Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library. Contributed by Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History. | www.biodiversitylibrary.org

paleontology stratigraphy fossils Ordovician Devonian

Document Pages

80 Pages

Trip of 1909. Pittsburg, Cincinnati, St. Louis, Chicago, doc. 95

Had 225 Dally, Richmond &d. Photo Palmer at Chicago.

doc. 95 Charles Schuchert Jale University New Haven Conn. 3066 Sept. 9, 1909 [schbert p.]

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call. Sep.17-18 3062 One basket from Cincinnati, Sep. 20 & 21 - 909 Sep. 24. One small box by Epp.(American) from Fulton Mo. coll. Sep. 23-25 3065 3066 coll. Sept. 10 Greenbrier t Bolivar 8015 coll sep. 16 Ivor, Ky

Sep. 7 P. P. Over Farm to N. J. 1.50 8 N. J. to Pittsburg 10.50 8 Pulman to Pittsburgh 2.00 10 Pittst to Belleva & return 2.70 11 Pittst to Cincinnati & Sleepy. 16 Cinti' to Iowa City & Ret. 1.25 17 " " Richmond Ind & Ret. 2.50 28 " " St. Louis 8.10 28 Chancar 1.50 21 St. Louis to Leominchell 22 " to Fulton Mo 3.41 24 Fulton to Jefferson City 1.16 24 Jefferson City to St. Louis 3.72 25 St. Louis to Fern Glen & Ret. ,85 26 St. Louis to Urbana 3.32 27 Champagne to Chicago 2.32 29 Chicago to N.Y. 30.00

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Photo. Film I. 1 Failure 2 Tenth st, Monongahela section. At Bankstov uncomfomity 3 " " " " Near the center of broken Pittsburg. 4 Coal seam with marine (P. semireticulata) above coal 18 inches. Woodlawn Ave & Beuron st, Allegh. 5 { Channel cutting in marine, Woods Run, Allegheny. 6 } Lee Reynolds photolith drawings. 7 Cut east of Clairsville Intersection at little coal seam, showing uncomfomity beneath. See description elsewhere. 8 { Adjacent views next to the left a cast of map. 9 } 10 Thrust fault in apex of anticline & ? Permian 11 Contacts between : Permian as Pocono, then conglomerate with pebbles of ft. Kindt. 12 The contact between the Mauch Chunk and the Pottsville. Lee sketch. Film II. 1 Ivor. First quarry east, general view of south end of quarry. 2 , Same quarry. East end showing general position of marine layer. 3 Ivor. Same quarry to show upper layers of quarry.

This one brings out more the experimental layer. 4. Clear view of 1/2 to show detail of various layers. Grave near 12 inches. To the left the bottom is flat, to the right very many for 7 to 8 feet. 5. Chest quarry (by me) east, Face view. 6. Same " " " " Face view of outer quarry from E. looking west. The base of Utica in the heavy projecting layer a little above the center. 7- East end of same quarry along Barlow's hollow hill. 8-10. Same with 12 feet. 11. Extraformational angle in first quarry over top of Jno. This is the very layer photo, this morning in detail. J. Talcott. 12 Looking across Ohio R. for John to Missouri Q. Grant to Cincinnati. Film III 1 Elk Horn Falls, Richmond, A far just, slightly great. 2 Short, 3 General view of Elk Horn Falls. Clinton in pre-ground 4 Another view from below the Falls, 5 The contact of the Clinton and Richmond Close view in a dark place. Long exp. 1/8 et cetera. 6-8 Three views of the actual unclipped contact a few hundred feet further down the creek for the mills

9-10 East Fork of Whitewater, Richmond, Upper third R. dentata beds, Stephanosoma beds telus. Left blue, the bedded limestone are mostly celestite. 11-12 Views of Thistlewater Falls. 9.30 A.M. Film IV 1 Craft Head shale Fault and host a/a 24 miles 2 n n - Feulm 3 n n - another fault. 4 n n - general view Park of Syndicate Farm. see section. 5 Contact between Der, or Kind, or Buryl to a Gray Shred Creek. All far for Syndicate Farm. 6 Jefferson City dolomite with white & dark dolomite disjuncts. 7 Same and less disjuncts. Block slab and some shale (with) drawings. 8-12 Across the Arno, from the Capitol grounds of Jefferson city to the north of Callaway Co. are most of the Arno. to the new bridge.

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September 7-1909 Tuesday. Left New Haven at noon for New York. Delivered to Story my manuscript on North American Paleography. Later saw a little of Matthews and one of Hermann. In the evening had a long chat with Doctor Charles J. Darlington. Wrote letters to Ulrich, Bostwick and Townshend. September 8-1909 Wednesday Started via the P.R.R for Pittsburgh at 7.45 A.M. Fine morning and a fine day ahead. Pitts is just central sorts east of Reading- hame about 12 minutes. There is one east of Tyrone, Medina at the latter place. Arrived at Pittsburgh at 6.52 P.M. Smoky dark. Staying at Seventh Ave Hotel, Fort Pitt Hotel is directly the Seventh Ave and is a far better house.

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Sep. 9-1909 Thursday. Very smily day. Called at Raymond at 9.30 and talked on the Canadian situation. He then began to show me his Pennsylvanian collections made about Pittsburg. He has fine and dry series of marine fossils from the Potts-mile to 50 foot above the Cones limestone. Even marine fossils can be traced into the coal beds. There are Oricul specien and Ostreulricus. Also has the Chester fauna another 15 miles of Pittsburg. In a general way it can be said that the Conarine fossils drift out going east of Pittsburg. Will send me a collection of the common Pennsylvanian species. After the regular marine horizons drift out there still occur calcareous zones with minute fossils. There are ostracods, small gastropods said to be Pupa-like and small things that may be minute crabs. In shale layers associated with marine zones are the so-called fresh-water shells and ostracods. Once this afternoon as we go out to see the actual recurrence.

From Tenth street Bridge, on [illegible] just out of [illegible]. Continous [continous?] series. I would seem that 1,2,3 are a continuous sequence from marine into pure brine micaceous sandstone. The sea again come in and laid down a land buried when channels were worn through ② into ③. The sea again come in and laid down the Birmingham clays without marine life but at all places this is healed at the top. It filled in the hollows quicker and eventually are was a flat limestone bed running of again but river from micaceous sandstone. At one time Ragnmund thought he had 20 or more coal sequences but became alarmed and gave up. Surface, Chryseotom SS 40-50° No channelling here in this case, ⑥ 10-15' clay M t Jo' elsewhere ⑤ Birmingham shale. At one place marine of Horton, Always marine cliff. ④ ↓ [illegible] [illegible] About 30' or less here SS, ③ 20' shale. Regularly fossiliferous. ② Clines E, Fossils at different levels 1-6 feet. Marine. 60 species of fossils. ①

"On Doro[illegible] lawn are ad [illegible] street in Allegheny, Pa. In a corner city. It saw a small coal seam 18" thick above which came an intense limestone and Productus semicircularis. This one of a calcareous shale. There is no transition here, for the [illegible] above the coal in the Ames li. maybe had Ambroelia planicurvira and Chants. gemulifera. The coal itself is stratified as if channelled but it is so slight as to have no importance. These layers depression are more deeper than 2 1/2 inches and usually not more an inch. Where the coal was formed the Ames li. is or came in directly up on continues in deposition on the coal. Below the coal is the "structureless clay" followed by above the underlying clay varying from a few inches to 12 inches which is stratified dep. From the underlying to the coal there is a gradual transition to that coal are finally all fine coal of stratified 18 inks thickness. Dorrs Run section, Allegheny. Lee Ray- mans published section. Here the lower micaceous or Buffalo sandstone rests irregular on the middle shale. Upper Brush Creek. Then at one end of the section there is about 10 feet of clay followed by above the Buffalo sandstone the Pine Creek Marine Limestone. This is less than 2 feet thick. onne I e co[illegible] then comes in another sandstone here called "Cats Run" On the right

Brooks Russ Are and Griffiths Real, Allegheny. Sometimes that cuts out diffusing the layer film decided to put timeline, and in the R. on my head, & less than 50' but it's not Pine Creek Li., how a very irregular Li. sort from 2 feet. & more than 100' Dale Sullivan 6" marine Before one 5" Very regular in thickness along a face of 300 feet. Sullivan other 12 to 18" shows bedding. Air breaks, Are has fossils. Structure's Day, bare sample, 1 foot. Fractures or weathering in a irregular not diagonally giving the impression of folds structure. Has many irregularly placed shale ? Excavations The holder seems to take T4 of Buffalo sandstone 20andth.

Brooks Run section, From memory. Le Roy mines drawing made to scale. Four cycles of marine deposits and continental deposits, each of which is followed by erosion cycles. These in turn end in river form sandstone (fine grains), then a clay then bedded sandstone. On the Buffalo -- the clay comes in suddenly. Cow Run Sandstone. Micaceous. Buffalo micaceous sandstone. Micaceous. Upper Cow Run Creek shale R.R. to Fort Wayne Ind. the clay at Pine Creek is are worked out. Therefor the two sandstones represent erosions on a level as in each case the strata show marine character.

So far I seem to see a muddy or rather a sandy and sea depositing a thin series of regular bedded strata that are apt to be more decidably fossiliferous near the top. Under nor- mal conditions these seem to go into the struc- tureless clay (without plants or fossils, no bedding) and then wet sand and underclay (but not a fire clay) followed by coal. This is followed by land conditions, stream action that at first is de- graded cutting out channels, and then as degraded eroding widely not only the channels but also the marine beds. This is the condition in some cases but in others the section does not end in coal, or the sandstone may be followed by the struc- tureless clay. In other words in some cases the complete cycle does not take place but the marine invasions only follow one another at irregular intervals. To work out this matter the entire Pitts- bug area needs to be studied in the light of cycles of marine invasions, falling off of the shallow seas that in turn hand into struc- tureless clay, underclay and coal beds.

"The sea is pushed or is drawn away, the topography is slightly rejuvenated, streams become active and channel the great sea flats. The sea again invades the stream unload in the underground their loads of sand and the marine deposits may come to lay over all or the sea may sink before the cycle is completed. Or in the latter case the sandstone may again be channelled or go run into structureless clay and coal deposits. Each cycle would be different in its intensity and thus greatly vary the depositional succession. Raymond says he has seen no fossils on sorts in the yellowish structureless clay. It has many small eruptions, then is much sliding side by on a small scale and diagonal fracturing. The latter is only seen on weather surfaces, and is probably due to creeping causing a false appearance of folding. In West Virginia marine fossils occur in the coal measures immediately above the

Coral. The coral in the Connemara appear always to follow the structure of clay but in the Liffey (illegible) this is not so. The coral in weathered sections is very decidedly weathered, the layers appearing to be rather orange and not thick. The marine debris come in shreds in the coral but below the sequence is gradual from the underclay to the coral. The coral appears in little lenses an 1/8 of inch thick and about two inches long in the clay. The appearance of the coral is that it was originally as a jelly for we see no leaves or plant remains recognizable as such to the naked eye. Of course we know that undissolved pieces of plants are often found in coral, but in general these must have been submerged through greater gravity or pressure into the jelly. The sandstones are here over coral but one can recognize the sand grains in certain layers. Often the material is very fine and creethers down into thin layers 1/4 inch thr

"animal or more. In the weather the oambstones are a light yellowish but often are a very light green. Plants are scarce here and Raynal days are always scarce in the Pittsburg area. Of insect wings he has but three. From what I saw of his collections this morning I think that good faunas can be determined and in certain cases even some species are diagnostic of restricted locality. The Oambil rid's are invariably crushed almost beyond recognition. These shells must have remained hollow and broke down with the pressure of the mud. As so little calcareous matter was present none could crystallize within the chambers. Of Chitons he has two species. What is the generic name of that round endible Orthocerus with the foot living Lambu muscle scars. Zelia occurs in the Connemaraugh. The limestones are more reliable field guides than the sandstones. These laminae are usually

"Modular" rarely leary bedded solid limestones. Because limestones because of the abundance of fossils in them. The fossils are often very common in the marine shells, Corals and Anthracella are often encrusted together but there is too much agglutinous matter to allow of some limestone formation as a rule. Far away where the metamorphic rocks yield no such material. Certainly not again than the Adirondacks and Phila- delphia. Raymond says he no marine fossils here about at the base of the coral, than pre- sent always at the top of the coral. Therefore the sea invades on the land and the coral swamps. Coals form on the land above shells as a rule but small patches are also seen in sandstone hollows, i.e. between sand- stones. How many such land surfaces thus may be is almost impossible to say.

Sept 16-1909 Friday Started last on the P.R.R. to Blairsville Intersectin. At 7.10 A.M. then walked east to Bolliver. In the first cut east of the Intersection one sees a coal about 2 feet thick, filled abruptly above by dark shales about 10 feet thick and then a thick series of sandstones. The coal rests on a greenish shale and comes in suddenly. This coal is in the Allegheny series. Dip to northeast. In the east end of this cut one gets a fine view of the Potterville followed by the Lower Kittanning coal. First there is a thick series of green sandstone passing gradually into shales that are olive colored. These may be 20 feet thick followed suddenly by the coal about 3 feet thick. Beneath the coal is the gelium clay, of which I have a sample, that is about 1/2 inch thick. Above the coal stops as suddenly but here the shales are very dark green to bituminous. The coal is not clear as there are mud streaks in it. In the sandstone here there is a hollow and at the base of the hollow is very impure coal. This SS bedded but ways to center. cm bedded SS Coal.

"of the Pottsville Another iron coal seam here, about 20 inches thick has many minute impure layers of coal that stand out on the fractured surface. Travel across the trail the coal appears and disappears suddenly but on close inspection the top while changing evidently has about one inch of bituminous shale and then the olive green shale. Below the coal also comes in suddenly, but at irregular intervals for six inches one sees streaks of coal. The greenish shale above the coal is about 8" to 4" thick, only layers of hard encrustedly peatery concretions, then a mass of crushed sandstone. Lyons Pottsville Great thickness of sandstone. Olive greenish shale 8" to 4" coal 20 inches. The one described above. The coal rests on erosion line as plain as the one drawn above. Also took a time exposure of it but the day is very dark and probably will be no good. Farther to the right the shale is again conformable underneath the coal.

Base of Pottsville. Sandstone Cross bedded Same Coal ash tree Unperfect seen Olive shale Olive shale unexposed sandstone lime Coal. Olive free shale fels I have taken two views of it. Film I, 8-9. The above is in the base of the Pottsville. The Pottsville here is about 150 feet thick followed by the Mauch Chunk. The latter is ten about 100 feet thick. The remainder is in the lower Mauch Chunk. These the Local shanner "delicious limestone" a sandstone with either better or exceptions. Otherwise it has a ripple character. This is the top of the Pocono several hundred feet thick. The Poconos here must be over 700 feet thick and consists almost entirely of sandstones (micaceous). There are small cross bedded but appear to be more regularly bedded than the Pottsville. The shale goes on thin layers over 10 feet thick and one or two maybe for feet. The sands also appear to me to be more clearly washed than those of the Pottsville, and

"one uniform in character. Below the Pocono at least 300 feet of cleric greenish shale and sometimes maybe even orist casts of fossils. The common one is Spirifer disjunction. There are others of Rhynchomella and hirals. This possible that these beds are Bradfordian, if not then Chemung. In the apex of the fold an at least 2 or- thous faults, the eastern side rides over the unduly a motion mass. Have a picture of me. The Pocono rests on an erosion unconformity above the ? Bradfordian. This is plainly seen and is photo'd after, film I-11. The basal Poconr is decidedly coarse sandstone with many rounde gravy pebbles up to one inch or two more. The Local Shannan rithm sandstone at the top of the Pocono jances into more regular and soften sandstone and then into a red shale gree of about 10 feet. Herein the passage from the Poconr into the Maucel Chemung, to continue, above the red shale just mentioned comes a sandstone of 15 feet thick even that is decidedly less folded, followed by fluvial shale and goes of the screen-

DOCUMENT NO. 95 Invertebrate Paleontology Yale Peabody Museum The Greenbrier fossils referred to came from Long Run, Garrett Co., along the Youghioghny Riv., below Swallow Falls. Also from another horizon near the top of Mending ridge, between Accident and Friendsville. Fossils are abundant at both these points. [3066]

Later Frank Hartley North Melroopany Pa Sincerely yours Geo. M. Perkins

start 3066 end brier fauna. These shales maybe 10 feet thick followed by mac shales interbedded with red shales. for fully 60 foot more before the Potterville comes in. Therefore the brieferina is here in the low Mancul Chert. It abounds in genuine Chester fossils as Lemnula cutguadata, Spirifera leidgi, Productus chesterensis etc. In the brieferina zone are also red beds abounding in bivalves of many species and Ostr- acodidea. Therefore these red-beds are marine but those below and above identical in color have no fossils. It seems to me that much if not all of the Mancul Chert is here marine. It is a cycle of deposition like the marine ones of the Pennsylvanian beginning with marine deposits and ending in a filled sea and continental deposits. At the eastern end of this cut about one mile west of Briclion may be seen a fine example of marked unconformity of the Lower Potte- sville on the Mancul Chert. The sketch of it is on the next page and a photo (Film 1-12).

Section just west of Billings (or turn) Showing original unconformity of the Pierre Pitonville in the Channel Churnt. Pierre anticlinal. Dandeton { Decidedly Caroo bedded. Parting in the lower 5-7 feet. } Dandeton shale Channel Churnt structure clay marine freshwater dam about 100 feet or so. 2, 3' 2 mms [illegible] [illegible] [illegible]

Sep. 11th 1909. Saturday. 2) Raymonds Old Baldy collection. Above Patromita layers. ✓ Tactiella enormis. Fine plications. ✓ Eumetria orra (small specimen). One sp. ✓ Productus chesta type (mamms, high arched). ✓ Seminula autqua deuta. ✓ Cleithrus vtricularis (acc't. Raymond) Common. ✓ Derbza o tructa (smaller. Orroylaye muss). ✓ Spirifuraye 1 & grinosi type but smaller. Here. ✓ Skeniferina spinosa. Fine large ad common. ✓ Spirifur a cylmentana ? ✓ Productus nibrascensis. ✓ Iguingfra onultalternatu, ✓ "Farosila dirigens". Has mural prs and convex diaphragms. A. Michellina with small crillits. Abr another of with corallibys in dia. Schuchertella. no med septa are distinct flute. Spirifus inetraceus: but has fine strae. of the S. striata prof. ✓ "Puprax aedymentana" looks more like a Leiridynchos. Free as an fluttered hwm looking of the original pyines are seen to open with A. Ovelly. Skirigenia. Large 1 incl n more with sharp angular plications. High punctati. Is this outgrowth of S. spinosa

fauna. 1) Old Baldy Pentremita fauna. Magnite loch. Pentremites sp. large, mostly one of which from Cleiithyrus argasi small and plump. Dielsma turjida difficult to name Rhynchmella metallica Lemnicula subquadrata Common. Productus small, elegant (chest form) Common Cumetria renuecilliana. Rare (1) Found one mile away from Medison li, i.e., the Old Baldy loc, is one mile away from the Madison. 3 Origin above the two junction lots. Cleiithyrus (large over one inch). Productus semireticulatus Thamnocus Lots large Ptilodictyn shaffers Pignax ackgmentana large as types. Lemnicula subquadrata, Productus small cora and more envelop. 4 Higher loign Productus costatus, P. semireticulatus, P. punctatua (common), Lemnicula estilito, Rhizophoria about 3/4 inch. Looks like the New Ham or Del. species.

"Another locality above Pentremite grove and beneath Lifford gmc. Spiriferoid in shape like granulifera but plicate like striata. Common. Is it S. onerosus? Luther ltr (18)." Cup corals 4 inches acros, and 6 wide long. Productus core large and typical. P. semicreticulatus irsei ? P. lithe nebroacensis, internal like pustulosus P. diminuted forms. Spirifera scalymontana Spiriferina spinosa ? Lemnila outguadrata "Olivonic The Three Forks faunas have throughout Spirifera disjunctus (date var, with high flat area) and the variety large and rounder with equal fine strise on the entire shell that I have identified as var. aniomacensis. Certainly the same occurs up in British Columbia that I identified last year for the Canadian Survey. The entire Three Forks is 130 feet thick but it is only the highest 30 to 40 feet that has the Upper Olivonic fauna. The fauna described by Raymond is from the lowermost"

"proliforms beds. At the very top occurs a very different fauna in a different stuff and by synthesis of certain as "Pterispa strictus". Therefore it is clear that there is a time break here between the Three Forks and Madison limestone. Admitting then the Devonian sea must be taken out of one maps closing the Devonian period. The Madison fauna does not begin with the earliest Kinduworth an faunas than in my Bradfordia at our state. Raymond's came at Brighton Heights, Allegheny Raymond tells me that White has published the finding of Pteremites proliformis in the Pittsburg region. Lee Stevensons last paper on Carbonic, has a long list of Pennsylvanian species from the Pittsburg & western Pa. area. Raymond will make for me 6 or 7 lantern slides or send photos of the Pennsylvanian to show original unemiformities.

Raymond has a Dohrenastu? from the Madison limestone. Leiosuchus and Pampay sclymptana particularly characteristic of Cordillera, differ Oernic and Mississipie. The Dinchysus (Entelodon) skeleton is the most impressive of mammal mounts here. The head appears entirely too large for the animal. The neck vertebrae do not suggest the necessary strength to hold the head seen in the flesh illustration. A finer skull than this one is worked by Barton. Two camel skeletons on slabs on exhibition. One is very young but a few months old. Both are perfect skeletons and the older one even preserves the cartilage ribs. This year Petersen has found two other entire skeletons of these camels. The incisor teeth of Dinchysus has near grooves at their base. Petersen thinks these are due to rooting.

Of skeletons in Daemonelix Petusom now known as 40. Left Pittsburgh on P.R.R. at 9.55 for Cincinnati. Sep. 12- 1909 Sunday Arrived at 6.30 A.M. At Philips house, had a 50 mile auto- mobile ride. Saw Philip, Albert, Rose and Emma. Sep. 13- 1909 Monday, Spent the morning at Roses', saw Justus. Afternoon down town and Joliquot Garden. Sep. 14- 1909 Tuesday. Wrote letters in the morning, Visited Albert in the evening

start [8015] Sep. 15-1909 Wednesday. Came down to the city with Albert in the morning. Then visited Edlin Garden, West Art Museum and Fort Thomas. Visited Phil in the evening. Aint: P.P.30m.E.g Dvor. C.C.O. Sep. 16-1909 Thursday. At 7.30 A.M. Started for Dvor. In the first quarry a few hundred feet east of Dvor one may be seen the encrinal layer (of Ludlow) with the other river quarry material below. The encrinal layer is here not over by further, the usual thickness of about one foot, the surface of which has here in places an admixure conglomerate surface. On this surface occurs the large branching Phylodictya and from the shale above them layers of Heteroceras stems. Jzygospira is also common. These layers are near the top of the quarry and stick out considerably. They therefore show once in the many pictures (after this is the base of the Dvora). The lower layer photographed is about 15 feet beyond the encrinal layer resting on shale (blue). The limestone bed above the shale is near 2 feet thick but some inches down to the left to a half or three inches thick. The bottom of the layer is thus

Shale Blue shale limestone Shale Concretions (have layer n Basilar Boulder bed) The layer is very widely spread on all the farms. Less than 100s ft of the station begins another and much larger quarry. At the west end of this quarry may be seen the

layer. The section is thus Wticia Trenton 10 foot mine. Boulder bed 4-5 ft. locally Disconformity Blue Trenton 11 fath. wave layer 8-10 inches sometimes 30 inch. 30 fath to track. If mine the 70 foot mine to low water mark. Thin the boulder bed of Barlow On close inspection it is seen that the Boulder bed is the channel of last bottom of the Wticia sediments. The whole was rolled about, of mud and many of the round trees rounded are then are packed together. The contact with the Blue Trenton is very sharp, the lower Trenton is smoother, even bedded, blue-mud limestone, while the Wticia begins yellowish-grey, granular with considerable clayey material. During the boulder bed or foot away we saw this:-

Ever 1g, churned Wica kids on Trenton Full mix. Filler of both crushed bricks and gravel crumb material. Trenton 4'-6" ← Otica’

A far hundred feet over of Dover may be seen intraformational conglomerates and this time in the Trenton about 35 foot below the Etica. Its within more or less than a churning of the sea bottom. These occur at two levels. There are two in this part of the Trenton beside the marine layer or bredden bed, of the Etica. The "bredden bed" shows once in the first quarry to the east of the Dover station. Here photo'd of. It lies in the center of the picture and is away at one specially where places the whole bed is channeled. The thickness varies from me for to about 30 inches. The picture takes in the thicker part. This same layer is again in the next western quarry. But the Etica shows no more channel bottoms. The chief fossils of the Trenton are the Byggers, of bivalves one sees my Odmanella testudinaria Pleurotambula sericea, Refinosguira alternata as Jysopria clemonia, Maenus pagents are everywhere and rare one of Calymene. Clino- donta also are common.

Jvte The hills here are not high, probably not over 200 ft above low water mark and flat toped. There are far side valleys or that the county above the river valley make the flat a slightly undulating and at for pulled as at Cinte. Elkhorn Creek 1m. south of Richmond. Overlying Clinton Corridal limestone. Rocks down and slides over the shale below. a greenish (clay) shale cracking down to clay, 4 feet. Clinton Lake. This disconformity appears to be a very even surface. Tof of Richmond. Fossils mostly bygros and Helbertella sinuata. creek at low water

start [3062] Sep.17-1909. Friday. Left at 8.30 for Richmond. Arrived at Richmond at 10.20, At 10.35 started on for for Elkhorn Falls, 4 miles to the south-east Got there a little before noon. The bridge over the Creek crosses the Clinton and the falls are less than 7 or 8 feet down stream. Took several pictures and of the Clinton contact. The Richmond (Cummings bed 16 f 1.41 A.) [printed, sandy] is very even bedded and on other refaces the Crinoidal Clinton limestone with pockets of fossil at 2 to 3 feet above the base. The clay because the clinks has clay down bed between is very thin here. The contact is plainly seen because of the very different lithology on the fauna. See Cummings report p.657. This afternoon saw slipped down Clinton. 1/2 mile down the creek from the mill at Elkhorn Falls maybe seen the Clinton-Rick- mond contact. Drawn as drawn in the opposite side and of the place show 3 crinoids. The top of the Richmond is very even bedded of a greenish calcareous thin bedded material that in the weather will completely break down. Has many byzra, Hebutella sinuata,

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maculata? and Platystrophia lynx-moritura. Returning to Richmond, collected in the cut of the new railroad Chicago, Cincinnati and Louis- villle. This cut is high in elevation and very near the Clinton, but none of the letters is in place here but pieces are present in the glacial debris. Here one sees the same fossils as in the Elkhom with the addition of Rynchotrema palomellon. Then far lower fossils are far more abundant but are are crushed and comminuted by the sea. Saw no R. pulamellona here but the hj. Strophomena filifusta and Omithotis antiqua- dicta occurs here. In this lower group also occurs Tetradium, Strepilasma austicum is very rare and much distorted. On the north humol of Kent Creek, just below the private road to the sand pits occur the Rynchonella dentata beds. According to Cummins' section the bed is about 60 feet beneath the Clinton shale. Put up at the Arlington House,

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Sep. 18 Saturday, Richmond Ind. 2nd of at 6 A.M. and collected a jar of the morning along the West Fork of the Whitewater up to Thistlewaite Falls. The highest beds are the Rhyz- ochitrema dentata beds. Here R. capax is very rare, below are the beds abounding in Stiptulasyna rusticum and R. capax more common. At Thistlewaite Falls level R. capax and small forms are very common. Therefore the development is from the high convex forms of R. capax to R. paradentella that I collected yesterday at the very top of the Rich- mond. The R. dentata beds are particularly rich in fossils of which 9/10 are Ostraceli podrid. Brachiopods are apt to be single valves and most of them were dead shells for they are usually worn away by Bysson. In fact at all levels the Byssons dominate the life and take possession of all prominences once dead to grow upon. The commonest shell of these beds is R. dentata. Raphiguina alternate is very rare. Gastropods are bivalves are always present but the specimens are too few to talk about.

end 3062 In the cliffs these P. dentata seem to be indicated by a sharp line separated from the lower lens (pencil) Streptelasma austicum. Tob. These gradate to creek level and it is in the basal beds that R. copax is found, similar specimens around. In some layers these come one-half the layers and the same is true of Streptelasma. The latter are never erect always prostrate as usually occurs by byssus. According to Cummins the P. dentata have a thickness of about 30 feet. Above are 62 feet zone of Richmond. Then the Clinton shale 4 feet and then the Clinton limestone on 10 feet thick. I see that R dentata is found 38 feet from but it here now. Returned to Cincinnati on the 3,10 P.M. Sep. 19-1909 Sunday At home at Rosies. In the afternoon to see the Mullers.

Sep. 20th. Monday. Left Cincinnati on the Big Four at 12.30 P.M. for St. Louis. Arrived here at 9.15 P.M. Sep. 21st. Tuesday. St. Louis Started out this morning at 7.30 for Kinismell 25 miles south of St. Louis, on the St. Louis and San Mountain and Southern R.R. To the north of the town beside the railway is an abandoned smelter and key may be seen quarried in the Kinswies limestone. The rock is coarse crystalline limestone speckled with ammoniated phinks among which the Bays are most conspicuous and cream-colored material. Considerable secondary alteration has taken place originally for them are orange earths filled with calcite. Near the surface the actual limestone is porous due to puerlothy oratus, The strata dip to the north-east 10 to 15 degrees. Less than 1/8 mile north along the track is a high cliff of delay once in less dense, chiefly fracturing limestone that state to be basal Mississippian. As it is raining I can make no effort to find here the Fernvale.

As I am raining hard concluded not to walk cant Bricks and Cliff Cave to see mine of the St Louis, The did flatten out to nearly designed in this direction. Sep 22-1909 Wednesday. Left St Louis on the G. & St L. via Mexico In Fulton, Mo. There changed to a local road south to Jefferson City. Met Breyer on the train. Staying at the New Fulton Hotel. Breyer claims to have 20,000 hacklepts in his collection on which he spent 2600 dollars. From one horizon and a fine series of Recent species "the best series out- side of any museum". Wants Arctica strong very much. He in California forgot sent Becker just about the time of his death. Ben Bromich who said he did not receive them.

start [3065] Sep 23-1909 Thursday. Fulton Mo. Started out at 6.30 with [illegible] and a team. Drove south to the Snyder farm in ^craighead creek for [illegible]fordonta. The section here is as follows. Upper Craighead shale, 20 feet but here not more 10' can be seen. Criminal limestone. A hard dull shale. About 2 feet. Snyder Creek- head shale [illegible]me of Snyderfordonta (1) 30' [illegible]me of Snyderfordonta (2) 30' [illegible]me of Snyderfordonta (3) 2 feet thick. [illegible]me of Snyderfordonta (4) 2 feet long base not seen here. Jme(1), just below are called criminal limestone. Here the shells are packed together. These are the keuper and most accurate fossils. Jme(2) many shells packed together: much like those of Jme(1). (color stromatopore are abundant) Jme(3) This is the Byngora layer of about 2 feet thick near the center of which the Byngora are most

abstuck. Studiert Longden Creek, south of Fulton, Mo. 6 miles in a crow line north, Upper Craighead Hole, to surface slope. Craighead layer slate 71' 30" 14'-15' Zone Craighead hole Gneiss 2 Gneiss 1 diabase fault fault Gneiss 3 Gneiss 3 Gneiss 4 Gneiss 4 fault fault Gneiss 3 Gneiss 4 Gneiss 2 gneiss 1 Gneiss 2 Gneiss 3 Gneiss 4 Creek level further gneiss 3 (2 feet) gneiss 4 longden gneiss

Comm'n I would not be surprised if the worm attached to the Strygana, which may have been the cause in the chattering of the hinge. There also seems the layers shells and the dumpling begins to be decided here. June @ Creek surface. Here the Stryphodatas are rare are flatter. Below this level I can tell the shells are are flat and [illegible] some just a little of the creek may be seen the contact between Oromia and Kinderhook same Kinderhook. from says has Cone, if the same only as Japhnet. [illegible] beds maybe the same as Littergraphic limestone, Pretty not but rather the last of the Kinderhook. disconformity 12" Lower Burlington, Granit. melo. here 6" Kinderhook Shale bituminous " 5" Almost Unpyr, Ififorms top of Craighead Creek 30" "Barn shell" Upper Craighead Creek shale gradually introducing hard layers and large lomelea Dexten. Atypa reticularis.

Then saw the lowest Gray Head shale on the Oaridon farm 1/2 miles south east of Snyder Farm locality, due mine feldm. About 1/4 mile south of the last place may be seen high cliffs of Middle River. At the top is the First Magnesian limestone ex- tending up 75 feet, but does appear much comes in the Callaway limestone about 75 feet thick formed by the Gray Head shale and then the St. Burlington chert. Could get no picture. Receptaculites oware came to another 40 miles east of Fulton. Mr. McLaughlin at Fulton, Mo. The former is there only inches ticks. Bryn comes it the First Ordovician bed, the shells are large. This horizon does not go much far east south of this. The Receptaculites does not attain to Fultun. The gray material of Strophodonta from the Upper Grayhead shale comes in near the way top just beneath the "Laram shale" at the top of the Oermic. Also are the numerous Strophodonta

(the large flatness) came from the upper 20 inches just beneath the fauna layer. What we have learned in regard to the strophodontata sequence is this. The history begins in the Callaway limestone. The earliest forms in the Craighead are flat, transverse, coarsely plicated forms. The evolutionary tendency among those are toward alation and earing, more convexity and probably a tendency to form plications. In the Byrnes beds just below at Lockneart to the byrnes, strophopora and carus, the hinge shading, keumpling begins with decided bifurcation or implantation of new striate. It is here that the angularated large once or less autquadrati form occurs. Stigda of the murelii type becomes more ad more abundant and continues into the upper Craighead. The large flat forms (within Callawayensis) may be an outgrowth of the earlier strial or may be a new origiant. The whole history of those strophodontatas is de- crified in the lower half of the Lower Craighead, I.E. up to and including the Byrnes bed. Later there is little new development. The Devonian occurs in the bluffs of the Missouri opposite to Jefferson City. Edgemond fauna of Purley mixed with Trenton fauna, Dr says maybe. Strophia neumwinstris here belongs tetuns.

The generalized section about Fulton is Oral Measures. Lower layers have C. meathus. (? Archdean and St. Louis) (? Kentuck). Burlington______? Very thin Hindworth_ Cruishead_ Callaway_ First Magnesian_ Sandstone.

Sep. 24-1949 Friday. Fultm - Jefferson City, Mo. Left Fultm at 9.06 A.M. Dr Jefferson City at 11A.M. Just fultm or D.E. 1 the station are over the Jefferson city dolomite formation. The section is as follows:- While dolomite, as a rule thin bedded, in places almost within li. Part of the beds were laid down but vary more than one market way he. 15-18 fat. White thin bedded considerably pictery dolomite. 3fat. While very bedded dolomite. Almost a within li. 6 fat. Erosion contact dolomit Dulit while irregular of bedded dol, in places conglomerate Intrformational conglomerate. gypsum - While only bedded dolomites. 10 fat Only while heavy bedded dol, and some chert, 10 fat. In beds between is small and lacy concretions. (Mud diagnosis) Intraformational clay of base (units)

The diagenesis of the loma beds may be seen here to good advantage. Sometimes the chalk forms irregular in thin beds and again after such a thin bed has formed from 3/4 to 1/4 inch thick it minute holes of though settling and or come to look like an intra- formational conglomerate. Once often concretions may devlop, often quite regularly and then of an very irregular concretions will devlope sometimes just in domini most chok around the periphery. These lagna concretions are not of chalk but are of dolomite with a different color and therefore chemical com- position. There 2 pictures behind no tripod. In other thin beds of dolomite the diagenesis is more regular as the entire stone is Kelly, while their kentiels in the darker dolomites. Thus [illegible] The lines represent the white knots. Left Jefferson City at 2 for St. Louis. Set here at 5:20 P.M. Took several views to the N. and E. of the Miss. Valley and the Callaway Co. components of the Jefferson City dolomite. Distance across to Halls pike 2 1/2 miles. From terrace of Capitol grounds.

Sep. 25-1909, Saturday. Took the 7.20 A.M. train on Missouri Pacific for Fern Glen. Got off at Valley Park about 2 1/2 miles east of Fern Glen. Between these two places one sees cliffs of oolitic limestone with small chert. From the grass of which is are almost none I take the horizon time about Burlington. At Fern Glen, pic-one place just north of the Flag station there's a little cliff of crinoid limestone at the track. Then just higher comes in a zone of red shale yielding the fossils collected these red shales pass into greenish and then gillium shale that at the top have small pebbles. This shale thick ones may be 20 feet and is the typical Fern Glen formation. Above in the cliffs many 75-100 feet higher are what we refer to as the Burlington. Long walk along the railroad and in front of the Castlewood Flag station we see the rims- onich that at this place contains chert. Less than 1/4 mile north are quarries and a lime kiln, in lower beds of the Limestone.

end 3065 Hydrate, Plectanmite sericeus, Refrisquina, cliffs of [illegible] and an abundance of Bryozoa. Also Oithos tricenaria. Apparently as one goes east along the Missouri Pacific one gets lower and lower in the section. yesterday at Eureka saw a sandstone quarry for glass sand. This must be the Saint Peter. Opposite Sherman are cliffs of Kimmeridgian that the Desanice Cement Co use. Therefore the dip is away from Ogallala, in this case east. The Desanice census must lie east of Rally Park. Beyond Sherman one sees a milky- white leary tidded limestone with Ruth-straphis reminiding of the Elmo River at first Bridge, Iy. Sherman is 24 miles out of St Louis.

Stropherdonta layers of Craghead shale as seen by Schuchett and Sufjer September 23, 1909 on the Lynder farm Craghead Creek about six miles North of Fulton, Missouri. See vol. 17 (1923) Mo Geology the G.f. S., M.T.(29) 1909 by Sufjer. Upper Craghead shales not studied about 8'6" thick Middle Craghead li = Criminal layer 1'8" " Lower Craghead shales 12'8" Zone 1 3.0" shells most common in highest 6 to 8 inches Zone 2 6" shells again common here (Lynder farm) Zone 3 24" Bryozoan layers. Stropherdonta most abundant here. Zone 4 at the base of these 24" sharply from common (navalis) but do not reach out miles Interval of 24" with no shells seen. (Dynder farm) Zone 5 Basal layers best seen on Davidson farm 1/2 miles S.W. About 5 feet thick Call away limestone. They history of these Stropherdonta begin in this limestone.

DARLING K. GREGER FULTON, MISSOURI, U. S. A. Memoranda All of Swallums Callaway Co. Devonian fossils came from two localities, Bellama Springs, and Old Snyder Farm. The first is Callaway limestone and the breeding form, were described for three Spirifa annae, Athyris fultensis, Cyrtina missouriensis Cyrtia occidentalis, Swallow labeled A. articulata, Strophodonta demissa and Stroph. quadrata for Bellama Spring [illegible] The labeling of species is hard to fix up. [illegible] is more correct than one. See my evolution series in exhibition series. doc. 95

DARLING K. GREGER FULTON, MISSOURI, U. S. A. These were in the State University Cell, Where the fire, along with a lot of corals of the Collaway limestone, you can feel safe in using all of the specific terms for Craghead species except quadrata as I remember the species labeled quadrata They were attached to fragments of limestone and were of the S. erotica strain and the species I call S. certata Quar. There is a remote possibility that several

DARLING K. GREGER FULTON, MISSOURI, U. S. A. stumbled on to a specimen of Strophonella crassa Rawley, and if he did stumble, it would be a stropheocentus with him; however there is nothing in any of the descript ions that would suggest Strophonella.

Sep. 26 - 1909 Sunday. Left St Louis at 8.30 A.M. on the Drabolt and arrived at Champaign at 1.15 P.M. Spent the afternoon and evening with Prof. Gorge Saraje. The Edgewood occurs near Bilmington Ill as a thin bedded limestone of about 10 feet thick. It has the same fauna as that of the Cope Bir- ardean area. The Thebes (Richmond) is also here below which in the Fernvale Richmond. No connection with Edgft The Calhoun Cr Devonian is not so thick as that of Callaway Co Iowa and has a different fauna. May this be a different horizon or are there here other barriers than the Kanabate. Dill send me photos of the Snyder Creek fault, a section of the Devonian above the Nojurn nd beneath the Kinderhorn, and a third showing the Devonian - Kinderhorn contacts within 20 feet.

Sep. 27 Monday Champaign. A day was one large hole from Springfield ill has me Chester here. The Devonian limestone was entered in 28 feet, had the block hole above in 100 feet thick. Total depth tried 1500 feet. Had lunch at the club with Darage Bailey, Baggs, [illegible] Hunton and Tonn and The Dead of the Science College. Left for Chicago on the 6.10 P.M. via the Illinois Central.

Sep. 28-1909 Tuesday. Chicago Opened fairly the morning in the Chicago Acad. of Science in Lincoln Park. There is a basement on which the entrance stairs land. This first floor has a small central exhibition room, and one lift with lecture or cinema rooms on each side. On the back of the central room are the stairs are elevator to the main exhibition floor. The plan of this room occupies the entire building with 2 second floor gallery. Central windowed at an oblique pattern around the sides. [illegible] black space about 8". Window space about 5'. Between fire floor about 40" continues to 1' of ceiling. Height of corridor about 6'. Cases about flat lift. Piers between windows about 20 wide in midway (Could be made for all or always midway spaces). Central sky lift flat below, levelled above. Some

plan in both. Light inadequate on account of dark ends. The roof is an old four way. This should matter. In general the hollow plan is good. The lights in pair but could easily be made better. The gallery is also built in the above plan but both cases are used, height of gallery to ceiling about 12 feet. Space between walls and pillars as before 12', inside of pillars about 5' foot for small table case. Bindings with round tops, would be better square to let in more light. The general plan is good but another gallery floor could readily be added. Cellar case project and over about 18". Width of these small table cases about 2 feet. The gallery table alcove cases are sloped by mid-division beneath. This should be thus to gain more room.

If one copied this Chicago River Plan I should ask for two building like this one. One to be devoted to Mineralogy, Geology and Paleontology. The other for Zoology, Botany and Ethnography. The plan provided is to join both houses one another. Thus: [Latin] stairs Biology Geology Paleontlogy. Orthos masonmerian appears to occur in a diomite at Kannahan, Ills. Brachs from Chicags nigjaran vary far in number and unlike those of the South or East. Specific nigjarenzi cutaway not the N.Y. form, they much thinner and less drawn out. D. gilberti is of the radiale type. I. Eudora here does not both the baldum forms at once. I. radiata here cutaway as typical pleurum slice. Orthomella semifusciata occurs at Bridgport. Maybe this form but appears the much thicker. Immunovilla frison here in fine form. Anastrophia internescens look to me to be different.

"M. nitida" and "M. mara" said to seem her Evidence inadequate. Streptochonus suffluns" here. Certain may. Is probably a new Shepherdata. Hiripn crispa here. May be correct, There is here an Uncinulus on the side of sticellendi among the A. reticularis, Rhynchotreta crenata maybe here. Specimen to form to make out. Bridgeport Niagara did in Amphicelca are a variety of gastropods. The exterior design is good and pleasing. All except the central four front pillars. It is simply ornamental as seems, no purpose. Was in the Art Gallery for an hour. Then to the Field Museum until evening. Met Os- good, Farrington and Piggs.

Sep. 29 - 1909 Wednesday, Chicago. Ask Eaton to find and describe the Ptero- dactyl for the Morrison lab. Dillesto ask this; may have found by Dilleston. One of Dilleston's students this year with Stanton told me that Kiona shofus fossils occur at Landing Wyoming. Dilleston said that he stated this in print long ago but no one or especially Stanton did not believe it. Stanton surmises that Rostrenai may be equivalent to this meso-zean horizon. (Mr. Baker I think his name). Comblion occurs in the Grand Bluff beds.

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mel my [illegible] 230½

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