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Cyanocitta cristata. (2) 1889.. I. Umbagog., Maine. Blue Jay 2 Umbagog, even more so, I think, than in Massachusetts. On several occasions we saw them plunge down into shallow water from the top of a stub, apparently attempting to catch something. I suspect that they were after water-beetles. These Umbagog Jays often imitate the scream of the Broad-winged Hawk, but I have never heard them imitate the Red-shouldered Hawk, as their Massachusetts brethren are so fond of doing. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Cyanocitta cristata 1 1888 Flycatching - Flocking Sept. 9 At sunset this evening, the weather warm, the air damp & still I saw about a dozen Blue Jays rattling about on the tops of some small poplars when they made frequent sallies upward after flying insects. They would fly straight up for ten to twenty feet & after owning their prey turn & descend on bent wings. Their motions were so precisely similar to those of Kingbirds that I at first mistook them for their species. 13 During the last three days I have seen many flocks of Blue Jays working southward, crossing Cyanocitta cristata 1889. I. Umbagog, Maine. Blue Jay 1 Abundant everywhere up to the end of October. I noticed none migrating this year, and, in fact, their numbers did not seem to diminish towards the close of my stay. They were observed frequently flying backwards and forward across rivers, and also occasionally across the lake itself. Several which passed were carrying something in their bills, and I could see that their throats were also stuffed full. I observed that certain birds would cross a river or pond every few minutes, and then return with the mouth and throat stuffed as just described. I am very sure they were storing food for the winter as the Canada Jay does, but I did not succeed in any instance in following them and actually see them deposit their load. They are very shy in the regions about 4
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Cyanocitta cristata. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Cyanocitta Cristate August 27^c Grafton " 30^- 31^c Pine Point September 1^x 8^3/2^3. 9^c 11^3 12^3 " 13^c 15^3 16^5/2^b 19^3 23^x " 27^c 28^2 29^c October 3^ Sept. 11^x A Blue Jay in a spruce on the camp this morning imitated the scream and whistle (The ordinary call) of the Canada Jay so perfectly that all of my crew as well as myself were completely deceived. I heard one on Mt. Morrill do the same thing last June. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1895. Cyanocitta cristata Bethel & 30^2/31^c Baldwin September 1^3 3^2 5^2/3 6^x 7^x 8^4 9^3 10^3 " " 11^2/3 15^5/3 16. 17. 18. 19^6 20^12c " 21^17c 7 a.m. 22^4b 23^8 24^2/3 28^4b October 13 Baldwin to Bethel. Sept. 20, At about 8 a.m. twelve Blue Jays flew one after another from some trees on Pine Pt. and closing in together in a compact flock went in spirals to a height of 200 or 300 ft. then letting their wings they came darting down into the woods again making a rushing sound as if a strong wind was blowing through boughs. An hour later they repeated this performance, I have no doubt that they were making "folar flights" on migration. " 21 at 7 a.m. a flock of 17 rose from Pine Pt. to a height of probably 2000 ft making 1 1/2 turns of a spiral 1/2 mile across and disappeared towards the S.W. They did not make a sound before starting or while rising. " 24. A flock of about 12 driven into woods from on Pine Pt by Pyron Harris (of journal) Lake Umbagog. 1896. Cyanocitta cristata P.= Pine Point May 11^x Bethel. " 15^-L 16^x 17^x near Baldwin " 25^D 28^3 30^x P June 3^x 4^x 5^2/3 " 12^c Cambridge Pine. Cyanocitta cristata. 1899. Oxford County, Maine. Sept. 23^5 25^4 26^2 27^3 28^3 29^3 , Bethel. Bethel, Maine 1904. Cyanocitta cristata March 5^1 scream loudly in pines on 7^3 perching in heard by Grand Pine Wood 2nd & 3rd woods. 12 D.D.G. in his woods. " 23 heard 5
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copy all bfp. Perisoreus canadensis. 1889. Maine. L. Umbagog During September we observed them on only three occasions, on each of which two or three birds were seen in or near swam-py evergreen woods. Through October they were seen almost daily, but in nothing like the numbers of the Blue-Jays. After the leaves fell, they were met with chiefly about, openings, pastures, etc., hunting apparently for grass-hoppers, often going out into the fields several hundred yards. They were also frequently observed among stubs along the shore of the lake Early in October, two individuals appeared near our camp. For a week or more they were shy, but rather, apparently suspicious, keeping out of sight as much as possible, and not approaching the camp nearer than thirty or forty yards. By degress they became more familiar, and by the middle of the month they showed the utmost boldness, alighting on the table eating out of the dishes, visiting the store tent, hopping into boxes, kettles etc., in their search for food. For about two weeks we fed them generously with all sorts of refuse from our table, placing this in one spot. After they had become accustomed to our presence, they spent the greater part of each day in carrying food back into the woods, coming sometimes together, but usually alternately every two or three minutes, filling their throats and bills to the utmost capacity, then by short flights, passing out of sight. They seemed to prefer baked beans to any other food which we had to offer them, and next to beans oat meal. They would take bread or cracker when nothing else offered, carrying pieces of large size in their bills, after having stuffed their throats with smaller fragments. They did not seem to care for meal when the things just mentioned could be had. Of baked beans they regularly took four at one load, three in the throat and one held in the bill.. Sometimes they would eat a little before starting off with the load, but I rarely saw them do this. They worked with great persistency during the entire day, but they did not seem to be particularly early risers, for they did not appear at the camp until about sunrise, nor were they ever seen much after sunset. They also stayed away during the rainy weather or at least when it was raining at all heavily, but during a protracted rainy spell, they took advantage of every interval when the rain ceased falling, and made as many trips as possible before it began again. The guides say that they do not like to get their plumage wet and that if it becomes very wet, they are unable to fly. 20
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(2) Perisoreus canadensis. I889. Maine. L. Umbagog. We spent the greater part of one day in following them in order to ascertain what they did with the great quantity of food which they carried off. We supposed that we should find them hoarding it somewhere in a hollow tree or similar place; but this proved not to be the case. On the contrary, they took it various distances and to various places, rarely or never, so far as we could ascertain, depositing two loads in the same place. They would place a mouthful of oat meal perhaps on the horizontal branch of a large hemlock, three or four crumbs of bread on the crotch of a dead stub, a large piece of bread on the imbricated twigs of living fir. On one occasion we saw one deposit four beans carefully on the top of an old squirrel's nest high up in an arbor vitae tree. My men climbed to a number of places where the birds were seen leaving their load in order to make sure that they really did this. Sometimes they went only two or three hundred yards back into the woods behind the camp; at others we followed them for upwards of a mile. They were very sly about making their deposits, and, if they saw us watching , would either drop their loads or fly on until out of sight. They had, how- ever, two regular roads which they followed, and their depos- its were made along the line of one or the other of these. On these roads they had regular resting-places in which they alighted for an instant before pushing on. These resting- places were ordinarily about one hundred yards apart, While at work they were very sly as a rule, rarely uttering more than a low, scolding note, but if displeased or disappointed, as, for instance, when the food was covered by a blanket, they would fly up into the trees above the camp and scream in shrill and apparently angry tones for several seconds at a time. After these Jays had been working steadily for about a week, a third appeared. He was evidently a stranger and was regarded with dislike and suspicion by the other two who ne- glected no opportunity to bully him to the utmost. As a rule, he submitted to this treatment very mildly, waiting until the other birds were gone, and then taking his turn. Rather curiously he followed the same route however as the others, and apparently deposited his loads in very much the same places.
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(3) Perisoreus canadensis. 1889. Maine. J. Umbagog. On the morning of our last day at this camp my men put a cover on a large box from which the Jays had been accustomed to take their food for a day or two previously, propping up this cover or lid with a stick. When the Jays appeared, they eyed the cover very suspiciously, hopping around and examining it closely from every side. For After nearly an hour, they would not enter the box, but by noon they were going in and out as freely as usual. The men then attached a string to the supporting stick, carrying it into one of the tents, while the Jays were absent. When the birds returned, they at once noticed this slight addition and again showed much suspicion, examining the string closely and even tweaking it with their bills. In fact another hour elapsed before any of them would enter the box. Finally the odd bird which arrived at the camp last as already mentioned, jumped in and was captured. He was immediately transferred to a cage which had been prepared for him beforehand and put in the back part of one of the tents. Shortly afterwards the pair returned, but they seemed to suspect that something was wrong, for they would not come near the box during the early part of the afternoon. At the last moment as we were taking our things down to the boats however, one of them went into the box, and was also caught. Upon being placed in the cage with our first captive, he at once attacked it so viciously that I was afraid that they would kill one another, and we were obliged to separate them. Both of them moped for an hour or two, sitting with feathers ruffled, eyes closed and breathing hard as if they were on the point of dying; but after this they seemed to become reconciled and began ~~to eat~~ truly taking food from our fingers without apparent fear. In one way they showed a greater wisdom than any wild bird which I have ever before sea captured and confined, namely: after a careful and thorough inspection of the cage, during which they pecked at the bars and tried every crack or opening, they gave up all attempts to escape, never afterwards trying the strength of their prison in any way. It was evident to my mind that they satisfied themselves that they couldn't get out, and were philosophical enough to accept the situation. On the afternoon of the next day, I let them out of their cage in a room at the hotel, and one of them, and one of them flew from the bed to my wrist, perching on it and
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(5) Perisoreus canadensis 1889. Maine. Lake Umbagog, I have never seen these Jays cross the Lake as the Blue Jays are continually doing, nor indeed have I ever observed them take a continual flight of more than two or three hundred yards. Their wings seem to be used more as parachutes than as means of propulsion, for they rarely flap them except when rising from the ground into a tree. Their ordinary method of moving through the woods is by sailing from one tree to the next, alighting low down, hopping or flitting from branch to branch until they get to a sufficient height to make another scaling flight. Nevertheless, they move with such rapidity that it is difficult to overtake them without running, for they rarely remain more than a few seconds in one tree before starting for the next. There is something peculiar about the appearance of the bird when thus sailing, something which I have never been quite able to analyze. Perhaps it is merely the shape of the wings, which are very broad, and appear to be strongly concave with the tips bent sharply upward. The bird at first sight, while thus scaling is apt to be taken for a hawk, but its motion is much slower. On the ground it moves by short hops, so elastic that one might imagine it to be jumping on a rubber surface. It has a variety of notes, most of them shrill and penetrating, the commonest loud, hawk-like whistle, very like that of the Red Shouldered Hawk, but clearly not, as in the case of one of the Blue Jays calls, an imitation of it. Another common cry is a succession of short, rather mellow whistles, eight or ten in number all given in the same key. frequently utters a loud "Cla, cka, cla, cla, cla, cla, cla," not unlike the cry of the Sparrow Hawk. It also scolds very much like a Baltimore Oriole. Twice I heard one scream so nearly like a Blue Jay that I should probably have been deceived had not the bird been very near and in full sight of me. In addition to these notes, it also has a low, tender, cooing noise which I have never heard except when two birds are near together, evidently talking to one another. The captives above-mentioned on being taken to Cambridge and put out of doors for several days in a large cage became considerably shyer than they were when first captured. In fact, at the day of writing, November 9th., they would no longer take food from 24
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(6) I. Umbagog, Maine. my fingers, and, when I approached the cage closely, flutter wildly against the wires on the opposite side. They eat nearly everything that is offered them, but seem particularly fond of ripe pears and the flesh of small birds. On putting an English Sparrow in their cage, they at once began to tear it to pieces, and in a short time nothing remained of it but a few bones and feathers. They have become very gentle towards one another, and I now keep them in the same compartment. One bird is continually caressing the other with its bill and uttering the low cooing notes above described. They are very clean in their habits and take a thorough bath every morning, plunging into a large basin and scattering water over their backs until their plumage is completely soaked. In addition to the food above mentioned, the have eaten a number of earth-worms , but of these they do not seem to be particularly fond. They have a habit of soaking nearly everything in water before eating it, especially if the morsel is of a dry character, such as cracker. Portions of the Sparrow just mentioned, however, were also soaked before being eaten. Their spirits vary to an extraordinary degree, and apparently with close relation to the weather. On clear, cold mornings when their cage is hung out of doors, they are every active and noisy, hopping incessantly from perch to perch and continually uttering their various cries. This behavior lasts during the entire day. If the weather is clear and warm they are somewhat less animated and spend more time in basking in the sun. During dark cloudy, and especially rainy weather, they are silent and move about very little, sitting with their feathers ruffled and apparently suffering from great depression of spirits. 25
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L. Umbagog. 1890. Perisoreus canadensis. copy I set Will Sargent to following our Jays to-day while my cook Oct.25, put out a lot of large pieces of biscuit for them. Sargent traced them about a half a mile to a dense white spruce swamp. Here he found two of their store houses. One in the top of a pine stub where a piece of wood was started off at an angle 17 contained about a pint of biscuit & brown bread. The other in a larch stub in three peck holes of either Colaptes or Hylotomus, the three holes all crammed full of bread packed tightly, in all nearly a quart. He saw the Jays carry the bread to both stores and they saw that he saw them. In fact they caught him in the act of climbing the trees. This about noon. He went back to the stubs & found them in the act of removing the last pieces of bread from both. After they had finished this task they came to camp again & worked till dark. He says they alighted regularly on the tops of the tallest trees to reconnoitre before visiting their hoards in the swamp. Will Sargent again followed our Canada Jays this afternoon, and found two more of their store houses, each containing a pint Oct.26, or more of biscuit, beans etc. One was in the angle at the point where a leaning stub touched another, the other within a large scale of semi-detached berk on a dead hemlock. He watched both places for sometime. Each seemed to be visited by one bird only. The one that used the scale of bark as a store house, packed each piece of bread with some care first fitting it in place and then tamping it in solidly with its bill, the other merely dropped its loads into the crevice. 29
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Corvus brachyrhynchos L. Umbagog, Maine. Corvus americanus.- Rather common. May 30-June 10, 1871. Corvus am Sept. 13- Corvus americanus. Oct 11 numbers 16²- 18² 16-24 Corvus americanus 1885. Oct 9⁴- 10³ 11³/12⁴- 15²- 16²- 17³- 19¹⁰- 22²⁰- 23¹⁰- 24²- 25³ Corvus americanus Oct. 12²- 14² Sept. 1887. 1886. Corvus am 1¹⁰ 2¹⁰- 4¹⁰- 5¹⁰- 6²- 10³ 14⁴- 15⁶- 16⁴- 17⁴- 20⁶- 22⁴- 26¹⁰- 29⁶ Sept. 1888 Corvus am 1²- 2⁴- 4²- 6²- 11²- 19²- 23³- 25²- 28³ 29¹ Oct 6²- 10³ C. americanus Sept. 3⁴- 4⁶- 5⁴- 6²- 11⁴- 12²- 13²- 14⁸- 20²- 22⁶- 25⁴- 28²- 30² 1889 Oct. 1²- 2⁴- 3⁴- 5²- 9²- 11⁴- 26¹ (30³ by road to Nant) 46 Corvus am. Sept. 20²- 22⁴- 23⁶- 24⁴⁰- 25²- 26³ Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 1²- 2²- 3³- 6²- 9²- 10²- 11²- 15¹ Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893, Corvus americanus Sept 21③- 22②- 23- 24⑮- 25- 26⑳- 27 28③- 29² Oct. 1⑭- 2³- 3⑬- 4½- 5³- 8③- 9(Burns) 9⑱- 10③- 11²- 12½- 13½- 15⁴ " 16 Grafton to Bethel Lake Umbagog, Maine. Corvus americanus. 1894 August 25th Bethel " 27 " to Upton " 28th Balside " 29- 30³ 3¹/₄ September 1⁴ 2² 4³ 5³ 7² 9③₂ " 10² 11⑬ 12² 13⑬ 15th " 17th 18③ 19③ 20² " 21⑨ 22⁴ 25③ 26③ 27 " 28④ 29² October 1½ 2¼ 3② 4³ " 5-2 Balside to Bethel 1895. August 29⑥② Bethel to Balside " 30⁵⁸ 31² September 4¹ 5② 8¹ 10¹ 11th 14④ 15³ 17³ " 18⁴ 19² 20⁴ 22⑫ 23¹⁰ 24² 25²-26th " 26th 27th 28th 29th October 1²⁵ Balside to Bethel 37
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Scoleophagus carolinus. L. Umbagog, Maine. Scoleophagus ferrugineus seen frequently. May 30 - June 10, 1871. ♂ umbagog Scoleophagus ferrugineus.- June 4 June, 1872. 18 Jun. Scoleophagus ferrugineus.- June 13. 28. 10 / Oct. 20 44k Aug. 19 Sept. 26 Sept. 5 - 1874 / 1879 / 1880 / 1881 / 1882 / June 13 / May 20 / Oct. 9 / Scoleophagus ferrugineus, Oct. 13, 14, 15, 21, 25, 30 1884. Scoleophagus for. Oct. 9 - 11 - 16 - 27- 1885 Scoleophagus ferrugineus Oct. 13 1886. Scoleophagus 12 - 13 - 17 - 21 22 - 26 Sept. 1887. Sept. Scoleophagus 6 - 14 - 15 - 16 / 23 - Oct. 9 - 10 - 11 1888 S. Carolinus Sept. 22 - 23 - 24 - 25 1889 Oct. 8 - 9 45 Scoleophagus Sept. 24 (10) (15) Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 6 - 8 Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Scoleophagus carolinus Sept. 27 - 28 Oct. 3 Lake Umbagog, Maine. Scoleophagus ferrugineus 1894 September 4 7 9 20 29 in large flock of Robins October (1) 1895. September 1 - 5 - 10 - 19 (H. Bond) 25 (2) with Robins Scoleophagus carolinus. 1899. Oxford County, Maine. Sept. 23' 30 (2), Bethel. W.B. Lake Umbagog. 1896. Scoleophagus carolinus. June 5 - (33) Among dense young fir near mouth of Megadocway " 12 Bell House 3 Cambridge Road " 14 (34) Error, N.H. Directly opposite hotel (Umbagog House) in brush growing up to alders with clumps of Hemlock & Balsams & a few Birches. June 12 - Saw them in the hemlock woods along the Cambridge about 2 miles above the miller. Two of them were hunting broad-winged Hawks flying about & darting down at them hawing them long distances. I think all three were males, they made the jingling notes only. 66
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Quiscalus purpureous agens. Maine ( Lake Umbagog). 1873. May 30- June 10. Common about the Lake, especially among stubs ; nearly as shy as in Massachusetts. Found two nests, one June 3 with four eggs well advanced, the other June 7 with four in a similar condition. The first nest was built in a hole in a stub, the entrance being barely large enough to admit the bird; this nest was composed of dry grass, coarse wood stalks etc., but had no mud whatever. The other placed in the fork of a small beech overhanging the water had the usual mud walls. 1874. Aug. 13. Saw a large flock in the pasture to-day. Sept.10. Several very large flocks seen to-day. 1876. June 3. β-4 A nest in an old Colaptes hole near the Outlet, con- tained four fresh eggs. Several other nests in similar positions were not opened. Upton. "4 (1547). 6ft. 4. " 6. Two nests four eggs each; one set fresh, the other about to hatch. Both nests among the branches of dead spruces over the water, very bulky and substantial in contrast with the ones placed in stubs. A third nest in a hollow stub contained young. " " A nest in an old hole of Colaptes contained young. The entrance to this hole was of the normal size not having been enlarged in any way. " 9. One walking on floating drift-wood suddenly seized a small frog which he beat forcibly with his bill and fi- nally took off, probably to his nest. " 15. A nest prettily concealed after the manner of a Brown Creeper's behind a large scale of loose bark. " 23. Saw young on wing to-day.
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{Return to diary when set up.} Lake Umbagog. Bronzed Grackle: 1909. June 5. At least 4 or 5 pairs of Bronzed Grackle are breeding in the Early nesting group of balsam firs standing on the island by my boat house. I watch of Bronze ed them for an hour or more to-day as they came and went across the Grackle water between the island anf the mainland, bringing food in their bills for their young and taking away from the nest the white excreta of the young which they dropped inthe lake as soon as they were well Beyond outside the outer ranks of aldets. The young in one of the nests must have been well grown to judge by the loud clamor they set up whenever their parents appeared. I saw one female Grackle carrying nesting material into the firs but all the others appeared to have young. Yet it is only 22 days since the lake was encased with ice, (it went out on May 14) and most of the country about it buried deep in snow. The Grackles appear to get most of their food in the farms of Upton Hill. The Bronzed Grackles nesting on my island do not appear {inoffensive} Bronzed to agree with Dr. Fisher in considering the Broad-Winged Hawk an intel- Grackle ligent burd, for I saw four or five of them leave their rookery to-day Mett a to pursue one of these Hawks across the lake with cries of indignation Broad winged and alarm. They pressed him hard at one time forcing him to twist Hawk. and double as they rose above and darted down at him in quick successsion, striking with their bills at his head and back. 87
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1909 June 8 (no2) Several pairs of The Bronzed Grackle which are nesting on my They in Balsoms Lake Umbagog. Breeding colony of Bronzed Grackled Island. are interesting birds, to watch, They are evidently keen- witted and observingand full of resources in the matter of obtain- ing food. When we first came here on June 4th they foraged chief- were ly in the farming landson Upton Hill. During the past two or three days they have given most of their attention to the lake shores which the falling water is fast laying bare in many places. Nearly all Feeding on Refuse food from our house boat. the members of the colony spent the greater part of to-day on the floating logs and drift wood in Stony Brook Cove directly to the lea- ward of our house boat. I was puzzled at first, to know what they could be getting there until Gilbert suggested that they might be attracted by various kinds of refuse food which he had thrown overboard early in the morning. On watching them closely through Picking up floating pieces of bread. my glass I found that this was the case. I saw them inspect and peck at some orange peel and seize and devour pieces of bread. For a time they confined their attention to food that had reached the shore but while we were at dinner and during much of the afternoon they were hovering over the water not far from the boat and inter- cepting whatever acceptable morsels we sent that way. I broke several crackers into small fragments and cast them on the water. When the 39