Field notes, v1701

Twining, Howard T.

Unknown

Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley

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208 UNIVERSITY CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY

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208 [illegible]

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Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from CLIR https://archive.org/details/fieldnotesv170100twin

Twining, H. Idaho May - June, 1935 Twin Falls, Owyhee, Payette Cos.

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"Twining 1935 Salmon Creek, 8 mi. West [illegible] Twin Falls County Idaho. May 13, 1935. Arrived at Salmon Creek Dam after a days travel from Winnemucca at nightfall. Flushed two female Magarones as we arrived, close to shore and during. We made camp about 100 yds from the lake, about 200 yds south of the dam. Heard Poorwills and Horned Owls calling as we made camp, and after we turned in. May 13, 1935 After breakfast at about 9:00 started down the east side of the lake. Canyon Wrens were singing on the low cliffs opposite, and south of camp. A Western Sparrow was heard in full song, singing from a clump of [illegible] close to shore. Brown Sparrows were found restricted to flanks of 4 or 5 usually in the valleys or dips, where the Artemisia was a little more dense. Shot a male Ruby-crowned Knight in the first valley south of camp. He was foraging in the Artemisia, showing none of the character- istic nervous wing flipping but appearing more like a Sutton Doves. In the same [illegible] locality a male was collected while singing its whirry won-like song on the top of a dead Artemisia. A pair of [illegible] circling over the cliffs on the second point south of the dam showed great concern when I approached the top of the high cliffs just above the lake. I discovered the nest from below, set in a crack below an outcrop

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Salmon Creek, 8 mi. west Bogus Twin Falls Co. Idaho 1935 about 20 feet from the base. The hooding paint flew off the nest as I approached, and the pair circled high overhead as I investigated the situation of the nest. Both birds left as I traversed the cliff, from the present summit of the cliff to the nest. It was situated about 6 inches from the ceiling of the overhanging rock above, and was composed mainly of Artemisia sticha averaging about 1/4 inch in diameter. The lining was fully an inch thick composed of densely matted wool of sheep with scattered particles of hemp fiber. The nest contained six eggs, light blue-green ground, with superficial streaking of light brown. Neither parent approached the nest while I was investigating. Numerous small pellets of undetermined material were scattered in and around the nest. A young Cottail was shot on the top of the cliff appearing about 1/2 the size of the parent or adult. At this age they still are rather slow and probably could be run down if no holes were convenient. A flock of 10 Red Breasted Mergansere were diving close to shore beyond the third point, and took wing as soon as my presence was detected. Three Gulls were fleeing with the Mergansine when discovered. Secured a female Cottontail between the cliffs and the lake opposite the arm of the lake. It was found to contain 8 embryos which were almost ready for birth.

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Twining 1935 Salmon Creek Reservoir, 4 mi w. Riggsor- Twin Falls Co. Idaho. May 13, 1935 Both Hens were mounted, in pairs, at regular intervals. Their actions suggested nesting in the talus close to the water. A pair of Red Tailed Hawks circling above the cliffs on the opposite side of the lake occasionally screaming and diving indicated a nest somewhere on the high cliffs on that side. May 14, 1935. Aldrich and Davis trapped last night so this was my day in the field. Crossed the dam and found a Marmot inhabited talus slope discovered by Aldrich the day before. I hit a big adult with no. 9 shot-16ga. but he got down deep into the rocks before I could get him. I found a Red Tailed Hawk very much disturbed over my presence on the rim of the canyon about 300 yds. below the dam. He lit on a ledge very high on the vertical cliff after a long sweeping dive with wings half closed, and stood there screaming for several minutes. Careful examination of the ledge disclosed a few sticks so this was probably the nest. Cliff and Violet Green Swallows were both nesting on the face of the cliff, and Prairie Falcons swooping and diving on the other side were also probably nesting. The most common bird in the canyon bottom as well as the most conspicuous is Yellow Warbler. The song was almost continuously heard. Several Flycatchers were found feeding from the upper branches of the scattered Utah Junipers

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Twining 1935 Salmon Cr. Reservoir 8 mi. W. Rogerson Twin Falls Co Idaho May 14, 1935 in the canyon bottom. I secured a specimen and identified it that night as a Wright Flycatcher. A colorful sight was presented by a male Bullock Oriole pursuing a male Western Tanager through the dense willows near the stream. A male Broad Tailed Hummer, the first I had ever seen fed on a clump of flower- ing Ribes nearby as I noted its character- istics. Callipe Hummers were heard but not seen. A pair of Water Ouizels were found about a mile down the canyon. Later one was heard singing and I watched it feed- ing on the insects just below the water line on the border of the stream. Great Blue Herons (2) were also seen fishing in the larger ponds below. Song Sparrows (phallax) and Juncos (subsp.) were feeding on the willow border. Both were few in numbers as only a pair of each was found. May 15, 1935 Set two dozen traps on the rocky point east of the dam. Caught 2 Neotoma (sp.), 1 Perognathus p. olivaceos, and 4 Reithrodontomys megalotis (sp?) Several Peromyscus were not put up. Skinned all morning and in the afternoon went Marmot- hunting with Aldrich. He got another small one making three half-sized Marmots collected since we have been here. We dropped down into the canyon and looked

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H. Twining 1935 Salmon Cr. Reservoir 8 mi. W. Rogerson Twin Falls Co. Idaho May 15, 1935- around for a Horned Owls nest found by Davis yesterday. The owls nest was not found but we did locate a Prairie Falcons nest in a broad slit about 100 feet high on the east cliff. I wounded a Sharp Shinned Hawk while it was darting up the canyon but it fell in a dense clump of Ribes and Cornus, and was not retrieved. Tolmie, Yellow, and Audubon Warblers were all seen in the willows of the canyon bottom. A Calliope Hummer was observed diving over a female in a small clump of Ribes. Diving was rapid and continuous as a series of high dives one after another with no swinging low dives as is characteristic of the Allen or Anna Hummers. The note at the bottom of the dive was a high-pitched wheee slowly trailing off at the end on the upward swoop. Copulation was observed to take place in the lower branches of a Ribes but details were not seen. One Broad Tailed Hummer was also seen but only for a moment as it flew past. A pair of Nighthawks flew high above the canyon and continued eastward. An Osprey circled once around the canyon giving the appearance of a large gull, and lit on the cliffs below us. The Horned Owl was seen once as it flew up the canyon past us. The song of the Canyon Wren intermingled with that of the Rock Wren was again continuously heard in the canyon bottom.

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H. Twining 1935 Salmon Creek. 8 miles W. Rogerson Twin Falls Co. Idaho May 16, 1935. This morning Aldrich and I left early and picked up a trap line set the night before in a shallow canyon west of the dam. I had set my traps along the base of a rocky ledge and in the rocky talus below in hopes of catching more Wood Rats, but out of 9 traps I got 3 mice - 1 Peromyscus m. sonoriensis, and 2 Peromyscus c. crinitus. The 2 Peromyscus crinitus were the only ones put up. We dropped down into the canyon and again looked for the Horred Owl's nest. We found the ledge but it was entirely inaccessible from below, and at best a very dangerous rope-down from above. We threw rocks into the hole with no response, so left it and continued down the canyon. We took a shot at a Horred Owl flying up the canyon with no success, but the shots did succeed in arousing a pair of Prairie Falors and a Red Tailed Hawk and both flew about above our heads screaming frequently. A Red Shafted Flicker also frightened by the shot flew from a hole in the cliff about 15 feet from the base. The hole extended too far in to see the nest. A flock of Lead Colored Bush Tits added a new bird to the life list of both of us. We returned to camp in time to pack up and leave by noon. We stopped at the dam long enough to [illegible] say goodbye to the genral keeper then left for Twin Falls. As we were leaving the yard we noticed a bird

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fishing 1935 Salmon Cr. To Hagerman, Idaho May 16, 1935 hanging on the wire fence and recognized it as a Green Tailed Towhee - a new bird for the district list. Between Rogerson and Twin Falls three Sage Hens - 1 male and two females - flew in front of the car and out into the sage. We stopped and gave chase but found that they could run nearly as fast as we. During the chase we did however flush two Sage & Thrashers, which flew just in front of us giving us good looks at the light back and spotted breast. On the way back to the car I had the good luck to down a large jackrabbit with the 16 gauge shotgun providing meat for supper and a skull for the collection. Several species of Citellus oreganus were secured along the roadside in the vicinity of Rogerson. Citellus mollis was seen in the sage but not collected. We arrived in Twin Falls at about 4:30, left an hour or so later and drove down the Snake River to a point where the road crosses the River about 2 miles East of Hagerman. Here we made camp on the north side of the River on the edge of the willow-cottonwood border of the river in the open, sandy Artemesia covered plains. No traps were set out this evening. The diving note of the Wilson Snipe was heard at dusk and Horned and Screech Owls were heard after dark. May 17 1935 - 2 mi E. Hagerman - Gooding Co. Without the thought of traps in the morning sun to bother us, we slept late this morning and ate a leisurely breakfast. Birds proved to

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A. Twining 2 mi E. Nagerman Gooding Co. Idaho May 17, 1935 be abundant in the trees bordering the river. Yellow Warblers are again abundant in the willows and numerous blackbird nests are located in the poplar trees bordering the river. A Ring Necked Pheasant is continually heard calling in the bushes below camp. Cliff Swallows, Rough Winged Swallows and Bank Swallows are often seen foraging over the open fields. In the afternoon I hiked down the river almost to the road turned eastward and followed a willow-bordered stock ditch to a large tule marsh about 1/2 mile south of camp. Along the river I found a flock of about 10 Lead Colored Bush Tits foraging in the willows. I noticed a much lighter color than the Coast Bush Tit and a lack of brown with an addition of more grey. Habits, manner- isms, and calls seemed otherwise the same. A group of four Western Kingbirds in a pasture near the bridge were quietly quarreling amongst themselves. The fight seemed to consist of a moments pursuing, then a breast to breast clash while fluttering upward and separation. No notes were uttered. Along the ditch between the river and the marsh I found 4 Black Billed Magpie's nests all with the tops torn off and the contents removed. If the nests had been any other than Magpies I would have suspected the Magpies themselves but appearance of the nests seemed to indicate human work. A short time later I met a young fellow about 10 years old and

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Twining May 1935 2 mi. E. Hagerman Gooding Co. Idaho May 17, 1935 in the interview that ensued I learned that two friends of his had this year collected 150 Magpie eggs and young, and turned them in for the 1 cent bounty on each. Seemingly an efficient way of removing Magpie popula- tion from any community in spite of what the zoological economists might say. The young fellow also told me that they had discovered a "Chicken Hawk's nest" (evidently a Marsh Hawk) this year on the ground near the upper marsh. They had watched the eggs hatch and when the young were half grown, they began to fear for the safety of their poultry when there were 3 more hawks at large, so they eliminated them by the simple method of pouring gasoline on them and setting them afire. Bird life was abundant in the marsh. The most conspicuous bird was the Yellow Headed Blackbird which was nesting, Reed Winged and Brewer Black birds were also both abundant. Cinnamon Teal was the most common duck on the marsh marsh but Mallards, Scamp, Redhead, and Ruddy Ducks were also seen. Six or seven Black-necked Stilts were wading in the shallow water of an arm of the marsh and arose with a clatter of calls at my approach.. Marsh Hawks circling over the marsh were almost continually pursued and mobbed by black birds. Male Redwings seemed the most combative for as the hawk passed over the nesting place of each bird, it would rise and pursue for about a dundred feet, and then return to the

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original bench. Tule Wrens and Yellowthroats were both heard singing. May 18, 1935 Caught one Reithodontomys and a Peromyscus in traps set along a small ditch for Shrews. Shin- ered in the morning and left later with Aldrich to hunt Mamots in the hills north of camp. While passing the marsh we stopped to photograph a Cinnamon Teals nest found by Davis the day before. We walked around the marsh awhile then did a little wading in places favorable for nests. In one place I was able to see 10 Tule Wrens nest from one spot, within a radius of about 25 feet. We found a Red Winged Blackbirds nest in the tules with one egg. The egg looked very similar to that of a Brewer Blackbird. We flushed several Black Necked Stilt from the same spot I found them the day before. In the same place intermingling with the Stilts were Cinnamon Teal, a pair of what we thought were Gadwall, and two Wilson Phalaropes. The Phalarope were very confiding allowing close approach and consequently we were able to get very good looks at both the brightly colored female and the dull colored male. We found a young Cinnamon Teal evidently about 4 or 5 days old in the tall grass and managed to get his picture. We followed a pipe-line to a point where two large springs gushed from a rocky embankment and after a couple hours of

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hunters we managed to bag three marmots - one large adult and two half-sized young. We found a Black Billed Magpies nest below the spring with 4 half-grown young. They were all very tame and posed beautifully for several pictures. May 19, 1935. Collected 25 traps set west of the road along the north bank of the river. Caught only one Mus musculus in a trap set near a feeding spot for sheep where there is plenty of grain scattered about. A good number of the traps were set for shrews but none were taken. The morning and a good part of the afternoon was taken in skinning a Marmot and the love plus. While in camp I observed a flock of 4 White Faced Glossy Ibises fly over from the marsh toward the river. A Loon (probably Common) was seen flying over the river, and one Caspian Tern was foraging above the river. Pheasant calls are occasionally heard along the river border, and Orioles and Grosbeaks are often heard singing in the Poplars. At night a pair of Screech Owls hooted from the trees below, a Wilson Snipe was heard diving over in the marsh, and the song of a Long Tailed Chat was heard far in the distance. May 20, 1935 No traps this morning so Aldrich and I set out early to get a couple of Marmots on the

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south side of the river. While walking Down the south side we noticed a mixed flock of ducks and out of it identified 4 Scamp, 2 Mallards, 4 Redhead, 2 Cinnamon Teal, and 4 Red Breasted Mergansers. Numer- ous Coos were scattered off shore, and several Red Billed Grebes were feeding with the ducks. Three Eared'Grebes were also seen in midstream. In the willows and tules bordering the river Yellowheaded and Red-winged Black- birds were numerous. Occasionally a Cowbird was seen intermingled with the blackbirds. About a mile down from the bridge we noticed a Kingbird perched on a wire fence. A conspicuous band crossed the tip of the tail making a contrasty white terminal band against the black tail. This marking is so evident that there should never be any doubt as to the species of a kingbird. Night Herons were occasionally seen flying down the river channel and one Great Blue Heron was observed fishing in the shallow water of the other side. A lone Crow, the first one seen on this trip was observed flying along the opposite bank. While walking along the ditch about 100yds. from the river we noticed a pair of Teal to fly from the shallow water of The ditch just ahead and alight again and alight again a little farther up the characteristic reddish color of the male Cinnamon Teal was lacking so we followed them up and identified them

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as Blue Winged Teal. Both Caspian and Black Terns were seen over the river as we were leaving. In the afternoon I skinned two gophers both large males from the south side of the river caught by Davis this morning. Later we took a much needed swim in the creek about a half-mile east of camp. I saw Long Tailed Chat and Willow Goldfinch for the first time in this district on the way. Within a hundred yards of camp Aldrich shot a Cottontail, and I shot a Jack rabbit. We skinned them when we returned, and found suspicious white spots on the skin of the cottontail, and a large boil deep in the muscle of the back of the Jack. From the boil we removed a large quantity of fluid, and several hundred white spherical egg-like structures about a millimeter in diameter. Davis calls them developing tapeworms. They were preserved for examination and identification. Needless to say rabbit was not eaten for dinner this evening. May 21, 1935 We spent the morning doing odd jobs and getting ready to pull out. A Lewis Woodpecker flew over camp adding a new bird to the district list while we were preparing to leave. We left at 12:20 and headed northward. About a mile from camp we turned and drove down a side road eastward about a half mile. Here Davis picked up a trap line, set for gophers the night before. Two gophers were

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secured and we returned to the main road. At the junction we observed several Muddy Ducks, an Eared Grebe, a lone Canada Goose, and many Teal swimming in a marshy lake west of the main highway. A single Shoveller Duck was standing on a small island in the center of the lake. Several Redheads were also seen here. In the sagebrush covered extensive rolling areas between Nagerman and Mountain Home, several pairs of Sage Thrashers and two Crows were seen. We left Mountain Home at about 3:30 turned southward and stopped about 4 miles south of town in the center of an expansive flat sagebrush plain. Here, while we shot wary small ground squirrels, we also observed Sage Thrashers and Sage Sparrows singing from the tops of Artemisia bushes. I stumbled on a Brewer Sparrow's nest situated about 14 inches from the ground in the center of a low Artemisia bush. It seemed very small in size for a sparrow's nest and contained 4 exceedingly small eggs, light blue spotted with brown on the larger end. The parents were very much disturbed as our presence and both stayed near the nest while we were there; however, the parents would not condescend to sit on the eggs while the camera was set up operated by remote control from a distance. During a two hour stay at this spot, we collected 9 specimens of Cithrus idahoensis (7 adult and 1 young) and 1 specimen of

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Eutamiás minimis. From here we crossed long stretches of extremely flat Artemisia covered closest country then dropped down into the Snake River Valley in the vicinity of Grand View. As we crossed the river we saw American Goldeneye (2), a King fisher and several Barn Swallows below. We traveled onward to Oroma arriving there at about 8:30 P.M. We joined the ternal bull session going on upon the porch of the General Store and learned that the storekeeper had a ranch on Castle Creek 2 miles back the road we came, and would be glad to let us camp there. We pulled off to the side of the road across from the store, however, dropped our bags and turned in for the night. May 22, 1935: Castle Creek 8 mi. S. Oroma—May 22 We left our camp on Bart Creek in Oroma early this morning for Castle Creek. In a dry wash just before reaching Castle Creek I saw an Antelope Ground Squirrel disappear in a hole in the steep walls of the wash. We turned southwest after crossing the creek and continued up this road to the Triangle Dot ranch situated in the Castle Creek canyon. The ranch was being run by 3 boys, two of which were sons of the owner. They advised us to set up our camp near the house in the shade of the numerous poplars. English Sparrows were present as might be expected in the tall poplars. Orioles were singing, and the call of the Ring Necked

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Pheasant was often heard out in the alfalfa fields. We skinned all afternoon. I put up 4 of the eight Citellus taken the day before. The Eutamias was not put up, but the skull In the late afternoon Aldrich and I hiked up the creek a short distance, and shot a large immature Cooper Hawk. Western Yellows throats were seen. Magpies were numerous. One Crow was seen evidently interested in a very dead cow in the canyon bottom. Mourning Doves were extremely numerous, but it seems still a little early for nesting. May 23, 1935- Triangle dot ranch 8 mi. W. Oreana Owyhee Co. to pt. 6 mi. W. Murphy, Owyhee Co. Set 25 traps 20 paces apart in greaswood just west of ranch. All were set next to given holes or near fresh diggings with foot- prints and other sign. Net result next morn- ing I half grown Reithrodontomys. Reason unexplainable. While putting up my Reithrodontomys and Cooper Hawk this morning I was able to extract what I believe is the typical opinion of the economic status local farmer on the economic status of the native bird life. To them all hawks were Chicken Hawks and should be shot on sight. I could see that my succeeding talk on the beneficial status of some hawks had practically no effect and that all hawks would still be shot if possible.

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The Red Shafted Flicker was called a Woodpecker, but the name Flicker was recognized and its beneficial status was also recognized by all of them. Opinion was decidedly against introduction of any non-native species into any area. They were quite indignant about the introduction of the Pheasant into this area as it is here considered destructive to growing crops. They attributed the introduction of the species to wealthy sportsmen influencing legislation in this direction. With encouragement from the young ranchers, I took a short trip up the canyon and shot a male Pheasant for supper. During this short excursion I saw several Wood Pewees in the canyon bottom, found Rough Winged Swallows nesting in the er sandy cliffs bordering the stream, again saw innumerable Mourning Doves, a couple of Laguli Buntings, saw the Crow sitting in the same tree as the day before above the rather old cow carcass and heard the beautiful song of the Chat in the dense thickets bordering the stream. We left the ranch at about 4:00 P.M. and travelled Northward. We stopped at the spot where the Antelope Ground Squirrel was seen the day before with no luck, but a short distance onwards I got a distant shot at a small Citellas The animal disappeared with the shot leaving no trace of himself or nearby hole. Horned Larks were the only birds seen in the dry open desert from here to Oreno. About 3 mi east of Senka Creek we ran

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onto a small colony of Citellus seemingly about the size and appearance of Idahensis. They were very wary and gunshots at long range failed to bring them down. The alarm call sounded like that of Idahensis but somewhat higher and not as strong. We found Murphy to be a small cattle shipping town at the end of a railroad line. We discovered a Say Phoebe's nest and a Linnets nest under the outer supporting beam in the center of town. The Phoebe's nest contained 5 newly hatched young, and the Linnets' nest 4 eggs. Violet Green Swallows were nesting in what appeared to be Woodpecker holes under the eves of the railroad station building. Reports from various people in the town indicated that a sparse squirrel population existed in the mountains west of the town and the storekeeper advised that we camp in an old abandoned shack a few miles out west of town. We found the old house still in serviceable serviceable condition in the location indicated and made camp here in the bottom of a rather deep canyon with a small stream nearby, and rocky cliffs rising nearby on either side. At Payette we heard that Citellus idahensis was common in the open fields south of town 38

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May 24, 1935 This morning skinned a Shrike taken yester- day about 4 mi S Murphy, and a female Neotoma cinerea taken in a trap last night in the shack. In the afternoon I crossed the ragged rocky ridge north east of here, dip- ped to the valley valley beyond, traversed the entire length of the valley, then climbed back to the ridge, and traversed the crest ging southward to a point above camp. On the way up to the ridge heard and watched a Black Headed Grosbeak singing a whisper song which was much more melodious than the ordinary song. The valley on the other side was very much the same, along the entire length. Artemesia was dominant with some Atriplex, and the ground was everywhere covered, often hidden by dense growths of Ammikia about a foot high and Plagiobothrys a few inches high. There was no grass whatever here although grass was abundant on the ridge. Life was visibly lacking. Occasional Whip- tailed Lizards, Grasshoppers, one Shrike, a Brewer Sparrow, and one Sage Sparrow singing was all that was seen in more than two miles of sage. At Payette we heard that Citellus idahoensis was common in the open fields south of town 80

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On top of the ridge a pair of Golden Eagles sailed low over my head showing an immense wing expanse, and white patches in the center of the otherwise dark wing of one. A Raven also flew over about 20 feet above me wheeled with a startled croak when he saw me standing motionless on the crest, closed his wings and dived far down over the valley below. A pair of flycatchers were seen here, but the species could not be determined as they were very shy and wary. Rock Wrens were singing from the steep slopes below. I caught a glimpse of a Chipmunk but the coloration could not be determined in the short time he was in sight. While descending the west slope of the ridge I flushed two medium sized sized gallinaceous birds a little smaller than a grouse and, a great deal larger than a quail. I only saw them for a split second as they disappeared around a rock and my only impression was that of a large bird, whirring wings, mottled body and a conspicuous buffy band bordering the tip of the tail. Later I found that both Aldrich and Davis had seen the same bird. Aldrich reported

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olive-greenish color on the back & sides, and Davis had an impression of a slight crest. The species is yet undetermined as no bird we know fits this description. I shot a female Poorwill as she flushed from the ground in the canyon bottom directly below camp. Davis skinned the bird and found two eggs, almost ready for laying in the oviduct. 5 miles S.E. Murphy, Owyhee Co. Idaho May 25, 1935. Left for Murphy at about 10:30 this morning. As we were leaving I observed a Western Kingbird's nest in a mailbox beside the road, just above the cabin. It was nearing completion and was nearly ready for eggs. In Murphy saw Wood Pewees in the middle of town and Aldrich banded the nestlings in the Say Phoebe's nest. Davis learned that there were squirrels on the Gifford Ranch 5 miles southeast of town. We drove out here and learned from Mr. Gifford that squirrels were not present here, and that he had never seen one on his ranch. Never the less we circled the ranch; finally finding squirrels present in the sage bordering the alfalfa fields. I shot one about 100 At Payette we heard that Citellus idahoensis was common in the open fields south of town s8

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yards from the ranchhouse and later showed it to the rancher. He explained, upon seeing the squirrel, that he had not considered these small animals squirrels, but only sage animals, picket pins or something of the sort. We thus learned not to wholly depend on the word of a farmer, but to investigate for ourselves. The squirrel shot, was smaller than the idahoensis we had seen secured previously, and was a great deal lighter in color. For this reason we felt reasonably sure that we were dealing with Citellus leucodon, and further observations on habits and call notes helped confirm this belief. The burrow openings were in groups in low mounds, often spreading over several square yards of area. The squirrels seemed to be colonial in habits, not only in their sharing of burrow systems, but we also found that they lived in colonies of restricted area. The colony of squirrels here, we found, was confined to an area of not more than 250 yards along the border of an alfalfa field. The alfalfa seemed not to be of any significance for the squirrels were at all times found in the field. The colony ended almost abruptly

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ing is 5 mi. S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 26, 1935 about 100 yards be from the field and beyond this point very few holes were found and none seemed inhabited. The squirrels were very small in size, much smaller than Idahensis, and very light in color. The color seemed to have 2 phases, one a very light brownish-grey, and the other very little brown [illegible] and a marked "salt + pepper" effect. The great majority seen were small size, but occasionally a large one was seen and one was secured today. In all I shot 2 small and 1 large one in more than 4 hours hunting. May 26, 1935 Set 30 traps last night 25 paces apart in very low scattered Oryzopsis, and a few in open fields which had been cleared for farming. Most of the sets were near Dipodomys holes or work- ings. Caught 5 Dipodomys, one of which was much more grey and darker than usually. This may by D. macropus. Skinned all morning, putting up 5 Dipodomys, and one small Citellus. Hunted all afternoon in the field containing Citellus luteoidon. Finally got 6 in all. Davis got 5; two of which were large. We kept only 7 to put up. We set out 4 steel traps and 4 large rat traps at hole entrances. The rat traps only were baited. seen here. [illegible] are scarce and exceedingly wary. At Payette we heard that Citellus lutesensis was common in the open fields south of town so

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5 mi. S.E. Murphy Oswego Co. Idaho May 26, 1935 The method of hunting was necessarily slow for not often were we able to walk up to the victim close enough to get a shot. The most effective method I found was to wait until I heard a call or saw a squirrel disappear down a hole, sit down at the most effective shotgun range (about 35 feet) and wait for the squirrel to come out and stand at the entrance. Recovery time was found to be about 20 minutes. This evening set out 30 traps in Artemesia which was found to be rather scattered in this particular situation, so traps were set at irregular intervals in hopes of catching Peromyscus. While setting traps a Prairie falcon flying about 50 feet high passed over my head. An easy shot but who wants to shoot down a bird like that? May 27, 1935 Picked up the traps set for Peromyscus this morning and total catch was: one shade footed toad, caught at the entrance to a tiny hole on a ditch bank, a Perognathus in dense clump of Artemesia, and much to my surprise a medium-sized Citellus triviridion seen here. Citellus were scarce and exceedingly easy. At Payette we heard that Citellus daliiensis was common in the open fields south of town so

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5 mi. S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho. May 27, 1935 which seemed to be freshly killed, and killed outright by the little government mouse trap. Skinned 4 Citellus leuroidon this morning, and in the afternoon, took the car a few miles southward to Simler Creek, where we dropped Aldrich to set out gopher traps in the alfalfa fields there, while we traveled on about a mile farther to hunt Citellus leuroidon at the location found a few days ago, when we were passing by, on the way to Murphy. We spotted a large squirrel standing on a mound near the road just before reaching the location we had in mind, so we stopped here at the base of the north side of the hill, separated, and hiked southward toward the leuroidon colony. I took the area on the west side of the road, and as I approached a shallow draw found a large Badger already at work hunting squirrels here. It was the first one I had ever seen and I was very much impressed with its large size and graceful movements. I ran back to the car, secured the rifle and returned only to find the animal gone. I investigated the spot where he was working, and found two holes about 10 feet apart both dug out about 1 foot deep. He had been running back and forth between seen here. Citrus were scarce and exceedingly wary. At Payette we heard that Citellus dahoonensis was common in the open fields south of town so

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5 mi. S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 27, 1935 These two holes as if his digging actions in one hole would frighten the squirrel out the other. I could only find the track of the hind foot, for the impressions did just show the long claws of the front foot. I did not see or hear a single squirrel until I crossed the ridge and was well down on the other side. It is very probable that the presence of the Badger had frightened all of these down into their holes for that afternoon. The typical expansive, low white mounds were numerous on the south side of the hill, but were restricted to the areas covered with the low spiny [illegible]. Few or no burrows were found in Artemesia or in very rocky soil. In about 2 hours hunting I only secured one specimen and that was only after about a 30 minute wait near its burrow entrance. Shortly before leaving, however, I found an area of concentration and shot 2 in a few minutes. One was a large female and the other, another young. This made in all 4 large squirrels we have secured here all of which were female leucidors. We have not as yet any males for compar- is on. Seen here. Crows were scarce and exceedingly wary. At Payette we heard that Citellus dahensis was common in the open fields south of town 88

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ing 5 mi. S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 27, 1935 In the canyon bottom near where I saw the Badger I found the rest of a Brewer Sparrow with four eggs light blue with brown spots on the larger end situated about 18 inches from the ground well hidden in a rather dense Artemesia. We returned to Sinker Creek and found that the farmer there had killed more than a hundred gophers there just a week before. Aldrich in the few hours he was there was only able to secure 2, both Town- sendi; and further trapping had no better results. These two were however representative of the only species there according to the farmer. Aldrich shot 4 Citellus oreganus while there as they were numerous in a certain spot on the edge of the alfalfa fields. The farmer said that they did little damage to the crops directly but did interfere with irrigation by digging holes in the ditch banks. While here I found the location of a Wallards nest attracted by the decoying actions of the very anxious mother but I was not able to find the nest itself. Long Tailed Chats, Song Sparrows, Bullock Orioles, Yellow Warblers Townee Warblers and Black- sided Hare. Citellas were scarce and exceedingly wary. At Payette we heard that Citellus Urdensis was common in the open fields south of town 88

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5 mi. S. E Murphy Oroyhee (B. Idaho) May 27, 1935 Headed Grosbeaks were conspicuously present in the canyon bottom along the stream. A Golden Eagle soared above the cliffs on the south side of the canyon for a few minutes, but I do not think it was nesting here. Davis shot an Olive Rocked Thrush in the canyon below the road, but we did not see any where we were. A Mountain Quail was heard uttering its throaty "querck" from the rocks on the north side of the canyon at dusk. May 28, 1935. This morning I skinned two Cistella leucodon and one C. organus all taken the day before. We packed up and left at about 10:30 heading northward. We stopped a couple of times to collect plants of the region so reached Murphy after noon. The eggs of the Linnet's nest were hatched and the Say Phoebe's nest contained only 4 young instead of 5. Two of the birds had retained the bands put on a few days before, the others were missing. We again took the road westward from Murphy, passed the shanty in which we saw them. Cistella were scarce and exceedingly shy. At Payette we heard that Cistella dahoonensis was common in the open fields south of town 88

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5 mi. S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 28, 1935 had camped recently, crossed the ridge, finally, and dropped to the settlement of Reynolds Creek. Here we set out gopher traps and hunted Oregon Ground Squirrels. Squirrels were numerous and comparatively tame so it was not difficult to secure a number of specimens. Gophers were scarce and only 2 were secured, both were Thomony's quadratus. While interviewing the farmer I learned that a few leucodon existed on the Atriplex covered slopes west of the farm. He said that Citellus leucodon existed in great numbers a few years ago over the entire area around Murphy and Reynolds Creek. He described the animal as living in open salt bush country, digging shallow burrows in white soil and throwing up the earth in low mounds. His description of the animal itself fitted perfectly. I investigated the hillside where he maintained they still existed and found occasional burrows, all typically of Citellus leucodon but were showing signs of recent occupation. The farmer also told me that were present in the country but not in great numbers due to trapping by government seen here. Citellus were scarce and exceedingly rare. At Payette we heard that Citellus valdensis was common in the open fields south of town so

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spring 1935 5 mi. S Murphy Odyssey to Idaho May 28, 1935 trappers and to the bounty offered by the state. Badgers, he said, were scarce for they were frequently caught in traps set for coyotes. Marmots were numerous in tulus slopes, but more numerous, according to him, on the opposite side of the river. He condemned Pheasants as destructive to crops and told how they beat low sow the ripe grain scattering the seed from the heads as they flew. For this reason they were more destructive by beating the grain as it flew than by actually eating the grain. I went out and shot a Pheasant for dinner incidently aiding the farmer also. Jack rabbits were numerous in the sage. Grassharks, Robing, Orioles, Yellowthroats were numerous in the valley. A mallard's nest with 9 buff eggs was found by the stream. A Prairie Falcon was observed flying low over the fields evidently hunting hunting for squirrels. We headed north, crossed the ridge, found recent sign of Citellus leucodon on the slopes on the other side, crossed the river, and camped 2 miles south of Melba, just below, and to the north of, a large seen [illegible]. Citulus were scarce and exceedingly wary. At Payette we heard that Citellus dahousens was common in the open fields south of town 58

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5 mi S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 28, 1935 prominent butte, on the ranch of Mr. Pline, who we had met in Murphy a few days before. Aldrich and I set 25 traps on the rocky slopes in a canyon behind camp. May 29, 1935. 2 mi. S. Melba Canyon Co. Idaho. Collected 25 traps set on a steep west- facing slope behind camp. About half of the traps were set in Artemesia and grass and the rest amongst tumbled small rocks and below rocky ledges. One Peromyscus was cought in the traps set in sage and 6 Pero- myscus, 1 Meriones, and 1 Neotrodonmys was caught amongst the rocks, and below the ledges. I skinned squirrels all morning, and Davis but up my mice. In the afternoon, we hunted in the hills behind camp. Aldrich was especially interested in Marmots and I in Idaho ground Squirrels - In the afternoons hunting I got 6 squirrels and 1 Marmot: I found quite a colony of Citellus idahoensis on the west side of the butte in the Artemesia bordering the alfalfa fields. They were fairly wary and had an exceptionally long recovery rate. It was necessary to wait from 20 minutes to half an hour before the squirrels would come out. Seen here. Citellus were scarce and exceedingly wary. At Payette we heard that Citellus idahoensis was common in the open fields south of town.

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Turning 1935 2 mi. S. Melba Canyon Co. Idaho. May 29, 1935 Along the bluffs above the squirrel colony I saw several Rock Wrens, Say Phoebis were resting on the face, a pair of White Throated Swifts circled around the crest for a few minutes and left. A Golden Eagle sailed above the cliffs for more than 10 minutes, and I investigated a large nest placed on the face of the cliff about 60 feet from the base but no eggs were present. Jackrabbits were numerous in the sage on the flats back from the cliffs. A Marmot was shot, in the rocks on the crest above camp. Bob-whites were continually heard calling from the fields below. May 30, 1935. Stayed in camp all day today, cleaning up, and doing 3 squirrels and one Marmot. Both squirrels and marmots are laying in fat for the fast approaching time of estimation. The weather became stormy in the afternoon and a cyclonic thunderstorm hit early in the evening and lasted well into the night. May 31, 1935 Packed and lefts early this morning, spent several hours in Kamper laying in supplies, then continued on toward Payette on the eastward highway. At a point 4 1/2 miles southeast of New Plymouth we stopped in rolling Artemesia covered country to repair a flat tire, and I shot a Burrowing Owl and catched a large live male Citellus idahoensis. No other form of bird life other than the Burrowing Owl was seen here. Citellus were scarce and exceedingly wary. At Payette we heard that Citellus idahoensis was common in the open fields south of town so

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Twining 1935 2 mi. S Melba Canyon Co. Idaho May 31, 1935 we travelled in that direction collecting en route in open uncultivated land southeast of town. During one of these stops I interviewed a woman on a grain farm and asked her how the farmers regarded the pheasants. As I was expected she considered the birds as destructive and existing only for the white-collared sportsmen in cities. In the spring when corn is just sprouting, she asserted that pheasants travel down the rows pulling off the young shoots, and eating the seeds at the base, and leave the rest of the plant. Bob-whites were considered neutral, and rather pleasant to have around, never touching the crops. All hawks were destructive and the Sharp Shinned Hawk was called a Sparrow Hawk for it preyed extensively on English Sparrows in her yard. About 1 1/4 miles south of Payette, we were directed by a man met on the road, to the ranch of Mr. Shamburger who was supposed to have a number of Pocket Gophers on his place, and some squirrels. Mr. Shamburger in turn sent us to the ranch of Mr. Avery Green about a half-mile away and 2 miles south of Payette near the Payette River. Here we learned that both gophers and squirrels were abundant on his ranch, and he very obligingly lent us the use of a small house nearby situated on the edge of a tule bordered marsh, with open squirrel-infested fields beyond. This evening I set out about 55 traps most of which were set at or near the edge of the slough and amongst the tules. A few were set in the open grassland near the slough.

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ining 1935 2 mi. S. Payette between Payette and Snake rivers. Payette Co Idaho. June 1, 1935 Out of 55 traps set along the border of the marsh I caught only 2 Neithodontus Both were put up by Davis. This marsh seems to be the best yet for variety of bird life This morning I observed a pair of Eastern Kingbirds which appear to be nesting somewhere nearby. Shifted Sandpipers, Black Terns, Yellow-Headed Blackbird, are occasionally seen. Tule Wrens and Yellowthroats are heard singing amongst the tules Brewer and Red-winged Black birds are numerous and are both nesting on the banks of the marsh Five swallows Cliff, Barn Bank Rough Winged and Violet Green were all seen during the day. Bank Swallow is probably the most abundant. I shot 8 Citellus idahoensis this morning and spent the rest of the day skinning. The animals are very numerous in the open fields near the Payette River seeming to prefer open short grass to Artemesia, some of which is present nearby. All of the larger squirrels are very fat necessitating extensive fleshing and defatting before the skins may be put up. In the evening Snipe were heard making their diving call a Buttern was seen flying down the slough and a Great Blue Heron was seen fish- ing after dark. Oldrich spent the day in the mountains north of here, and brought from a small Marmot and a Citellus columbianus. June 2, 1935. Put up 4 more Citellus idahoensis this morning and in the afternoon Aldrich and I hiked down the side of the slough to the river and up the edge

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2 mi S. Payette between Payette and Snake rivers. Payette Co. Idaho. June 2, 1935 of the river to the bridge. The Payette is about 200 feet wide at this point and the banks are edged with patches of dense willows; Red Winged and Brewer Blackbirds nest in the vegetation bordering the stream. Bank Swallows were nesting in a small colony, in a colony of holes, on a vertical sandstone bank near the bridge. A Pacific Fright hawk rose from a point on the gravelly shore below us, and out of sight from our position. A nest was suspected but not found. Caspian and Black Terns were foraging over the water near the bridge and both Mallard and Common Teal were seen flying up the river. We met two men who were fishing for carp and asked them in the course of the conversation if they had seen any other kinds of squirrels in the district other than the Idaho squirrel. One of them said that he frequently saw another type similar to the Idaho but larger and with a similar but slightly different call. This species, he said was scarce but there were a few intermingled with idahoensis above the bridge, east of the railroad tracks. We immediately started in search but found none of this type (which was probably oreganus). While searching we found a nesting colony of Black Terns and discovered two nests in the shallow water bordering a tule-filled slough. We photographed the three buff eggs with dark brown spots, in one nest then Adria set up his camera and by pulling the shutter with a string obtained three pictures of the parent on the nest. I saw a Cowbird in the sage near the railroad

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2 mi. S. Payette between Payette and Snake rivers Payette Co. Idaho June 2, 1935 Tracks. We watched a Wilson Snipe flying so high it was just within range of vision diving at intervals and giving its quavering call. This is the first time that either of us had seen this sound actually produced. This morning when I was collecting my trap line set around the slough on the east side of the railroad tracks I found a Spotted Sandpiper caught by one foot in one of the small jump traps. It could not fly when I let it loose so I took it back to the cabin with me. I regained strength rapidly and with an hour I was able to fly away. In the time it was with us the bobbing motions and quick movements were observed at close range. Out of 25 traps this bird and one Neighbordontonyx were the only things caught. June 3, 1935. Abrick shot 6 Cilellus idahoensis this morning and we both put up 3. Preparations were made for boxing and last minute photographs were taken. A couple of young fellows were shooting Eastern Bullfrogs along the edge of the slough and at our request brought in one, which was shot but still alive. It was larger than I expected and green in color. I still cannot understand however how a frog of that size can make such a loud sound. We left a little after two o'clock traveling eastward and camped that night a few miles west of Regina, in the Snake River valley. June 4, 1935 20 miles west Regina Snake River valley. We arrived in this locality after dark last night so were unable to note the details of our surround-

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ings. We awoke this morning and found ourselves a short distance from the steep banks of the Snake River, and bounded on either side by massive cliffs 150 to 200 feet high. Rock Wrens were singing from the talus slopes below the cliffs, and the young of Prairie Falcons could be heard squawking from a ledge somewhere on the cliff. I saw a pair of Marmots on a rocky slope on the river bank. Fosters Teens a pair of Cinnamon Teal, and a pair of Wallards were on the river. A Pel Lilled Grebe gave an extended series of calls near shore. Great Blue and Night Herons both were flying above the waters. We packed and left immediately, ate breakfast in King Hill, and continued toward Rupert, collecting Citellus idahoensis along the way. We stopped to collect on the G.P. Ranch 11 miles west of King Hill and although no Citellus or Marmots were seen, we did collect a large lizard which looked somewhat like Crotaphytus but with a different arrangement of spots. We kept the specimen for identification. A lone Western Towager was seen out in the sage near the ranch evidently stopping here while migrating northward. Davis collected a Pacific Wighthawk near the river below the ranch. We stopped at Rupert for several hours, then continued toward the mountains which already seemed close by. We collected a pair of Citellus oreganus in the foot hills then climbed toward Mount Harrison above. We watched the transition from sage to Utah Jumper, then to Douglas Fir. Red Fir and Aspen came next then dense groves of Lodgepole Pine on the hillsides with Aspens in the stream bottom. The streams became large and

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cold from the melting snows above and the air became much colder than we were used to in the desert below. We stopped when a large Yellow Haired Porcupine ambled across the road in front of the car and started crossing a large grass patch heading directly toward a grove of Lodgepole Pine. We headed him off with the help of large sticks tied him by one hind leg and kept him captive while we hunted for a camping site, for the road was blocked here by snow making further travel by automobile impossible. We dropped our equipment beside the road, bid good by to Dads who was staying with his mother in Elko, and made ready for a weeks stay in the high country. We tied up the porcupine and set up a temporary camp near the road planning to move to a more secluded situation tomorrow. June 5, 1935 Our big job this morning was to photograph the porcupine, and although we spent more than an hour trying to set the creature in suitable positions for picture taking, we were still not satisfied with the results when we finally let him go. We moved camp to a position about 200 feet upstream in a spot not detectable from the nearby road. At lunch and climbed to the ridge between camp and Mt. Harrison. As the ridge slopes off toward Mt. Harrison, there are a group of wind eroded rocks, rather evenly spaced at about 50 to 100 feet.

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Twining 1935 June 5, 1935 apart. In these rocks we shot two Citellas, which appeared very much like Oregamus, but with more orange-brown on the back, and with no much red in the tail. The tail was dark, almost black, fringed with buff. The call was a rapid series of rather high notes, run together, and trailing off toward the end, sounding a little like a sound produced by rapidly running the fingernail the length of a metal comb. Marmot feces and droppings were found in the rocks but none were seen. A Marsh Hawk circled over the ridge and Oldrich saw two Golden Eagles fly over, and disappear over the ridge of Mount Harrison. I set 11 traps this evening half in Artemesia near the stream below camp and half in the woods on the north facing slope of the canyon. Most of the traps in the woods were set near fallen logs. June 6, 1935 Collected traps and found that only those traps set in or near Artemesia brought results. Caught 3 Perougeus which are probably sororensis. While returning from the trap line I stopped in a dense grove of Aspens and watched several Violet Green Swallows flying about in the Aspens acting very much like flycatchers. Instead of sailing above the trees they often flew around amongst the trees, perching frequently and sallging out after insects. Two pairs were observed feeding young in holes of the same tree, a dead Aspen in the center of the grove. Western Warbling Vireos, and House Wrens were singing nearby, but showed no signs of nesting.

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Twining 1935 June 6, 1935 We skinned, set out gopher traps, and fixed up camp, for the remainder of the day. Just before supper I built a rock oven, which worked much to our surprise. Set out 11 traps along the transition line between Lodgepole Pine and Artemisia, along the slopes south of camp. June 7, 1935 The traps contained a Chipmunk and 3 Peromyscus. One Peromyscus is a typical sonoriensis, but the other two are smaller with no red, but dark grey, almost black on the back. We suspect these to be young sonoriensis. After breakfast we started toward the ridge to try for more squirrels and hoping for a Marmot. A short distance from camp we happened upon a large Lodgepole Pine which had been completely stripped of bark by Porcupines. The workings were more than a week old; for debarking began more than a foot higher than the present snow level. The tree from this level to the topmost point was completely stripped of bark. A large pile of chips at the bottom of the tree showed that the animal had cut off the outermost layer and had only eaten the inner or cambium layer. A young Fir next to the pine had also been partially stripped. After taking various pictures of the workings, we continued to the ridge where we separated; Oldrich to shoot squirrels in the rocks, and I to cover the hillside to the south hunting for White Tailed Jackrabbits. I immediately climbed to the crest where I found a large Marmot-inhabited rock. There were two

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June 7, 1935 Marmots here, one small one I took for the female, and one very large one, the male. I watched them for a long while from a distance, too far for a shot with the shotgun and as soon as I started to move closer they disappeared. I waited for more than half an hour at close range, but they did not re-appear. Rock Wrens were singing here and a pair of Golden Eagles were sailing in the distance. A Sparrow Hawk was seen hovering over the ridge. While descending the slope I flushed a White Tailed Jackrabbit and after chasing it half way around the mountain finally secured it. It was the first I had ever shot and I was amazed at its large size. It ran exceedingly fast with long high jumps but could dodge and turn as well as a Black Tailed Jack. It contained 9 embryos x131 almost ready for birth. South of the rocks on the ridge there is a large clump of mixed Lodgepole Pine and Fir where the snow is still very deep, in places as much as 8 or 10 feet. Here we were able to closely observe the Junco which is common in this district. My description of the bird is this: Size of Oregonus, tail feathers similar but with lead wings and rest of upper parts uniform dark grey with exception of a dull red patch in the center of the back. The bill seems to be not as white as Oregonus. A Fox Sparrow, a pair of House Wrens, Hermit Thrushes, several Ruby Crowned Kinglets, and a few of an unknown species of Flycatcher were seen here.

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Twining 1935 June 7, 1935 Above the open Artemisia covered ridge we watched a Golden Eagle pursued by a Prairie Falcon sailing above. Brewin Sparrows and Green Tailed Towhees both were singing amongst the sage as we searched for wary Ctlus here. We climbed to the crest of a ridge northward from Mt Harrison and found a small lake, situated in a cirque surrounded by vertical cliffs a short distance west from us. We started toward the lake but were soon interrupted by the discovery of several Limber Pine on the border of the forest below us. While photographing the trees and collecting cones three Golden Eagles circled above us and suddenly two closed their wings and dove at a high angle toward the Snake River Valley far below. We crossed about half a mile of deep snows before reaching the lake. We found the lake bordered with Lodgepole, Limber Pine, Firs and in spots a scrubby growth of Juniperus communis. We were surprised to see a few Douglas Fir at this altitude but they were much different in attitude than those seen below. They differed in being low bent or twisted and fast tapering. Cones were numerous on all trees except the Firs. Only a few cones left by chance from last year can be seen. The Lodgepole Pines differ from those in the Sierra in bearing large numbers of cones and by holding them for many years. On almost any tree the branches are bristling with cones and often cones may be seen clinging well down the trunk of the tree. I see no reason why this tree may not be considered an

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Twining 1935 June 7, 1935 intermediate stage between Pinus murrayana and contorta. Several Cloake Nutcrackers flew across the lake while we were there and others were heard calling from the high cliffs. Rosy Finches were not seen. Grosbeaks were common about the lake seeming far out of their range at such a high altitude. A Robin's nest was found situated about 8 feet from the ground closely appressed to the trunk and resting on the lowest limbs of a large Pinus flexilis. We circled the lake looking for Coyote or Marmot and although this is an ideal location, neither were seen. We returned to camp in time to do a little skinning. I finished a gopher and a Chipmunk, and Aldrich, a gopher and one Peromyscus. While in camp we watched 7 Pacific Night Hanks circling in a group about 2 or 300 feet high, uttering the spee-ick call. A Sparrow Hawk in breeding plumage was seen today. The white forward edge and the dark grey trailing edge was evident. We met a pair of egg collectors Mr. Carnegie and Mr. Shallington yesterday who collected a set of two eggs from a nest in a high pine tree on the slopes across the canyon, and northeast of camp. June 8, 1935 Aldrich left early this morning and spent the morning hunting Marmots on the rocky ridge

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June 8, 1935 between camp and Mt. Harrison. I spent the morning in camp. Heard and saw the usual birds around camp. Chipping Sparrows is the most evident bird. Its song is frequently heard. Green Tailed Towhees are continually singing from the hot, Artemisia covered canyon bottom near camp. The full song of the Ruby Crowned Kinglet is often heard. Grosbeaks and Robins sing their similar songs from the wooded slopes above camp, and occasionally a Western Tanager adds to this confusing mixture. Warbling Vireo, Mountain Chickadee, Red Breasted Nuthatch, Junco, and House Wren songs are occasionally heard in the distance. Three Rosy Finches flew over, headed toward Mount Harrison, and uttering the common English Sparrow-like call. The call of the unknown, but suspected to be Hammond Flycatcher, is continually heard. The birds are numerous but very inconspicuous. Aldrich returned empty handed, not even having seen a Marmot all morning. After lunch I started toward the ridge, planning to search for Marmots down the ridge, southward from where we had been hunting. Soon after leaving camp I flushed a Sage Hen from an Artemisia covered hillside, and it flew into a grove of Firs nearby. So far I have noticed that every Sage Hen we have flushed up here have flown from Artemisia into trees. A short time later I saw both Sage Thrashers and Sage Sparrows on the slopes approaching the ridge. Brewer Sparrows were also singing on the slopes of the ridge.

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June 2, 1935 I traversed the crest of the ridge hunting both squirrels and Marmots at each rocky point of which there are 7 or 8. I shot one large Citellus of the usual kind, with conspicuous long, bushy, grey tail. Close by, and a short time later in another rock pile I shot a similar squirrel but smaller and with a short scant red tail similar to Citellus organus. Marmots were occasionally seen in the rocks, but I was unable to approach close enough for a shot. At the termination of the ridge as it dropped off toward the saddle between Mount Harrison and Thunder Mountain I found a rocky point dropping off in cliffs about 50 feet high to extensive talus slopes below. By careful stalking methods I was able to secure a large female Marmot as she was descending the vertical face of a cliff. She was very much lighter than any other Marmot we have collected, with a light red tail, very long, but not dense pelage, and with less white on the head than other marmots I have seen. I saw several Golden Mantled Ground Squirrels on the talus below the cliffs. Rock Wrens were common here, and I watched a Spurrow Hawk executing some amazing diving manoeuvres above the cliffs. In the way back to camp a white tailed Jack rabbit ran swiftly along the forest's edge and disappeared in the trees. Set out 11 trap this evening, 25 pieces a foot, in Artemesia only. June 9, 1935 Caught 2 Peromyscus in the trap line. Shinnal

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Twinning 1935 June 9, 1935 2 squirrels, and one Marmot this morning. Aldrich and I started out at about 2 o'clock to hunt the ridge again. When we struck the ridge we split he to hunt Marmots with the rifle, and I to hunt squirrels with the rifle. I got one squirrel in the rocks, then started up the ridge toward Mount Harrison. As I climbed I noticed Lodgepole minarete ly gave way to Limber Pine, but Firs continued to be numerous. Douglas Fir was not seen. Half way up toward the ridge Tamarus communis was found growing in scattered clumps, more over a foot high, on barren slopes, between scattered twisted Limber Pines. Here Clarke Nutcrackers were seen feeding full grown young, the young uttering the characteristic gobbling noise when receiving food. When I approached toward the young one parent became very anxious flying in circles above my head and perch- ing nearby. One Mule Deer, a doe, was seen here, grazing on the open slopes below. On the ridge, an extension of the Mount Harrison crest I found Potentesia abundant growing low and dwarfed on the exposed crest, and rather dense directly below where protected from the winds. A Golden Mantled Ground Squirrel was seen here but it was very wary, disappearing when I approached. Other than Clarke Nutcracker, no different bird than those seen below, was found. Birds were scarce and miscellaneous. A pair of

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Twinning 1935 June 9, 1935 Mountain Chickadees, a Chipping Sparrow, and several Audubon Warblers were the only birds found in the dense Fir forest below the crest of Mount Rainer. Limmer Pine dropped out and a pure stand of Firs extended almost to the top of the peak. Snow was deep here, probably 5 or 6 feet in depth, even on the open slopes below the summit. Juniperus communis again appeared on the summit, as a very low creeping growth in the cracks of the rocks. An excellent view of the surrounding country was obtained from the summit. The Snake River valley lay below and to the north, Mount Thunder Mountain to the south and vast open plains in the distance. The snow-covered Sawtooth Range could be seen far in the distance to the north. Descent from the mountain was a long swift glissade down a huge steep snow slope directly below the peak. From here I crossed an open slope covered with a low growth of Artemesia, Currant, a dense spreading plant, which reminds me of the Ethinquian of the Sierra, and an unknown species of Dogwood, which is just coming into leaf. In a grove of newly leafing Osprens bordering a grassy meadow, densely covered with a growth of Corn Lilies I found a colony of squirrels, and secured one having a grey tail. The west facing ridge was covered with blooming flowers most of which were

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June 9, 1935 Strange to me. While climbing a flock of 14 Night hawks flew over my head going due north and flying rather low. In the meadows below I saw a Black Billed Magpie which seemed strange in this area, surrounded by White Crowned Sparrows, and with Clarke Nutcrackers not 200 feet higher in altitude. I met Oldrich on the crest and found that Marmots although not scarce were to wary for approach within range. On the way to camp another White Tailed Tachrabbit was seen in precisely the same spot I had seen him the day before.

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Twining, K. 1935 Idaho May 13 - June 9, 1935 Catalog of Specimens #1-83

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Catalogue Salmon Creek 8 mi W. Rogerson Twin Falls Co. Idaho May 13, 1935. 1 & Brewer Sparrows 2 ♂ Ruby Crowned Kinglet Salmon Cr. 8 mi W. Rogerson Twin Falls Co. Idaho May 14, 1935 4 ♂ Sylvolaagus nuttallii 5 ♀ Peromyscus sonorensis 178-76-20-19 6 ♂ Neithrodontomys 14L-65-16-15 7 ♂ Neithrodontomys 138-76-16-15 8 ♀ Neithrodontomys 137-66-17-16 9 ♀ Perognathus 170-89-21-8 10 ♂ Nestoma 258-105-15-26 11 ♂ Nestoma 256-106-16-26 Salmon Cr. 8 mi W. Rogerson Twin Falls Co, Idaho May 16, 1935 12 Peromyscus crinitis 167-63-20-18 16 " 2 mi. E. Rogerson Twin Falls Co. Idaho May 17, 1935 13 ♂ Lepus californicus - skull only- 14 ♂ Citellus oreganus 271-67-39-14 8 mi. W. Rogerson. Twin Falls Co. May 17, 1935 15 ♂ Shrike 2 mi. E. Hagerman, Gooding Co. Idaho May 18, 1935. 17 ♂ Peromyscus sonorensis 141-60-18-17

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18 ♀ Neithrodonomys 2 mi E. Hagerman Gooding Co. Idaho. May 19, 1935 19 ♂ Mus musculus 20 ♀ Marmota flaviventer 21 ♂ Sylvilagus nuttallii - skull only - 350-47-93-62 2 mi E. Hagerman Gooding Co. Idaho. South side river. May 20, 1935. 22 ♂ Thomomys 5 mammæ 211-65-27-6 23 ♂ Thomomys " 214-66-27-6 - 2 mi. E. Hagerman, Gooding Co. Idaho (north side river) Kills W.B. Davis 24 ♀ Lepus calif. 5 embryos 507-92-29-125 June 8, 1946 SAB 25 ♂ Citellus idahoensis 205-53-29 26 ♂ " 188-46-32 27 ♀ " young 57-34-28 28 ♂ " 204-54-30 28 ♂ Eutamias minimus pictus - shell only 29 ♀ Neithrodonomys 110-57-15-13 ( Castle Creek 8 mi. S. Oreana Owyhee Co. Idaho May 23, 1935. 29 ♂ Neithrodonomys 110-57-15-13 30 Coyote - pickup - skull only 4 mi. S. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 23, 1935 31 ♂ Shrike testes large ○ 4 mi. E. Murphy. 32 ♀ Neotoma 366-165-42-31 33 ♂ Lepus 476-50-117-120 5 mi. S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 25, 1935 34 ♀ Sylvilagus nuttallii - 6 embryos x 30 - skull only

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35♀ Lepus californicus - skull only - 540 - 70 - 120 - 125 36♂ Citellus 5 mi. S.E. Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 26, 1935. 37.♂ Dipodons 249-144-42-14 38.♂ " 228-122-40-12 39.♀ " 259-150-40-14 40.♂ " 261-155-48-13 41.♂ " 241-131-40-13 42♀ Citellus 194-132-33 43.♂ " 190-151-31 44.♂ " 224-66-34 45.♂ " 195-62-31 46. Scaphiopus hammondii 9 mi S.E Murphy Owyhee Co. Idaho May 27, 1935. 47.♀ Citellus 228-50-35 48.♂ " 205-49-32 49.♂ " oreganus . 250-62-41. Reynolds Creek mi S.E. Snake River Owyhee Co. Idaho May 28, 1935. 50♀ Citellus 265-60-38-14 51♀ Thionongys 198-57-28-5 52♀ Citellus 192-68-40-16 2mi S Melba Canyon Co. Idaho May 29, 1935. 53♀ Citellus 207-41-32 54♀ " 203-42-28 55♂ " 215-45-36 56♂ Marmot 490-145-74-29.

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2 mi. S. Payette between the Payette and Snake rivers Payette Co. Idaho June 1, 1935 57. ♂ Citellus idahoensis oreganus 212-54-34 58. ♀ " " 208-47-37 59. ♂ " " 237-55-38. 60. ♂ -" " -skeleton preserved- 242 54-39 61 ♀ " 206-50-34 62 ♀ " 226-50-33 63 ♀ " 219-55-33 64 ♀ " 207-41-35 2 mi. S. Payette between Payette and Snake rivers Payette Co. Idaho June 2, 1935. 65 ♂ 230-61-36 66 ♀ 218-68-35 67 ♂ 248 50-36 68 ♂ 248-55-35 2 mi. S. Payette between Payette and Snake rivers Payette Co. Idaho. June 3, 1935. 69 ♂ 222-59-36 70. ♂ 218-55-37 71 ♀ 213-49-34 7t. Harrison, 10 mi. S albion Cassia Co. June 6, 1935 72 ♂ Citellus 274-79-44-16 73 ♂ Peromyscus 74 ♂ " 20, June 7, 1935 75♀ Lepus -White Tailed Jack - skull only - 9 embryos x 131

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June 7, 1935. Lepus (cont) 76♀ Thomomys 177-52-25-6 77♀ Eutamias 211-94-32-16 78♂ Peromyscus 137-53-18-16 June 8, 1935 79♀ Marmot. 526-140-74-27 80♂ Citellus - red tail - 259-58-41-14 81♂ " 295-79-44-16. June 9, 1935 82♀ Citellus 298-71-43-16 83♂ Peromyscus 149-64-19-19

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Twining, H. Idaho 1935-1936

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Twining, H. 1935-1936 Idaho Dec. 23, 1935 - Jan. 8, 1936 General account

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY CENSUS SHEET Locality Mulhoom Canyon Bellemne Dake Nature of route (zone, fauna, associations) Canyon Bottom Upper Swine Date Dec. 28, 1935 Stream bordered with aspen Observer Howard Twining Willows Time in field 5 hrs Weather Clear - cold Approximate no. miles 8 SPECIES HOURS -> 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 TOTALS Bohemian Waxwing 300+ 300+ Magpie 2 2 3 7 Song Sparrow 1 2 3 1 7 Hawk (??) 2 2 Golden Eagle 1 1 Horned Owl 1 1 Wilson Snipe 4 1 5 Red Sh. Flicker 1 1 Mallard 30 15 some 50 50 TOTALS (hourly and grand) 303 21 22 1 374 1m-2,'20

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA MUSEUM OF VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY CENSUS SHEET Locality Bellhaven, Blaine Co. Idaho. Date 12-5-38 Observer Howard Twining Time in field 3 1/2 hrs Approximate no. miles 3 Nature of route (zone, fauna, associations) Upper Sonoran Flat valley bordered by step hillside 5000 ft. elev. Weather Slightly cloudy, cold SPECIES HOURS -> 12:30 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 PM TOTALS Red Sh. Flicker 1 1 Black Capped Chickadee 4 2 4 10 Mountain Chickadee 3 3 Song Sparrow 1 1 1 1 4 Horned Owl 1 1 American Goldfinch 12 12 House Sculp 4 4 Water Ouizel 2 2 Redpoll 8 8 Black Billed Magpie 2 3 7 12 TOTALS (hourly and grand) 19 3 6 13 16 57 1m-2,'20

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Rupert Minidoka Co. Idaho. Dec. 23, 1936 About 8:00 A.M. in the park which composes the entire central part of the town of Rupert I heard a call sounding very much like that of a Slender-billed Muthatch but with a distinctly harsher quality. I found the bird creeping down the main trunk of a large Aspen continually uttering a loud nasal "kerr." The bird was larger than the Slender-billed, the breast dark gray, cap black bordered by a white line from the bill through the eye, broadening to a wider line behind the eye. The back was darker than that of the Slender-billed. I looked this bird up and found it to be a Rocky Mountain Muthatch. Driving from Rupert to Minidoka we flushed an American Rough Legged Hawk, a Raven and a Marsh Hawk all feeding on carcasses of Jackrabbits which had been killed by autos on the highway. On the train from Minidoka to Shoshone I counted six American Rough Legged Hawks flushed by the approaching train. One Prairie Falcon was seen flying west paralleling the railroad tracks. The train barely gained on the hawk so the bird must have been traveling over 50 miles per hour.

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Shoshone, Lincoln County Co., Idaho - Dec. 23, 1936 Arrived in Shoshone from Minidoka at about 2:00 P.M. Looked up a Mr Claude Wilson who told me of Mr Yumgard, a trapper for the Biological Survey who lived on the edge of town. Mr. Yumgard was away at the time but his son gave me most of the information I wanted. There are only two persons in the immediate vicinity who might give me fells or information. One is Bill [illegible] Nelson who lives in District and is occasionally in town and Mr Garner, the district Game Warden. Yumgard hiked over with me to Garner's house, woke him up and introduced me. He was a pleasant fellow, and we talked about traps and trappers for nearly two hours. He was well acquainted with the country had trapped around this district for many years, and knew practically all the trappers by name. As I mentioned the various species of mammals he responded as follows: Coyotes are very common on the plains and are being trapped continually by local trappers in the winter for the fur, and in the summer for the bounty. River Otter are occasionally caught in the Woods River but the fells are now only worth about 8 or 9 dollars. Badgers are common on the plains and are trapped now along with Coyote. When he first trapped

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Shoshone Lincoln Co. Idaho Dec 23, 1935 here 25 or 30 years ago Fishers were occasionally found in the higher mountains. He had trapped several then and had seen others that other trappers had caught. In recent years he had not found any, or heard of them anywhere in Idaho and believed them practically extinct in this state. Fox he believed had been reduced to a vestige of their former numbers by the poisoning of the Biological Survey. Martins also had been greatly depleted in numbers by poison although they were still trapped at higher altitudes. Beaver are found in the Big Woods River but are protected by law. Both large and small weasels are present from here to the Sawtooth Range but the small ones he swore were young weasels which had not yet reached their full growth. Skunks, both striped and spotted, were numerous on the plains in rock-piles and around buildings, but are not trapped now as the skin are only worth less than a dollar and the hazard is too great at this price. Muskrat is probably trapped most extensively at this time but he named 15 trappers which he knew were trapping this animal from Shoshone to Ketchum. For this reason, he said, Muskrat were rapidly decreasing in number, and were

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Shoshone, Lincoln Co., Idaho Dec. 23, 1935 becoming more and more difficult to trap each year. Deer, he said, are now relatively scarce due to excessive competition with sheep. A few years ago it was not uncommon to see roving bands of 50 or more deer in winter on the plains, as far south as Shoshone. The Sawtooth had now ceased to be a haven for wild life. Fur-bearers once plentiful had been so crowded by sheep that the few trappers that now remained had a difficult time making a large enough winters catch to pay expenses. The entire length of the Sawtooth had been trampled and cropped bare of grass by excessive numbers of sheep. In a few spots game preserves had been set aside, mainly to provide winter feed for deer, but sheep men were con- tinually encroaching on these areas, often stopping for a week or more, and allowing the sheep to desecrate the area, when they were supposed to not stop for more than a day. The Biological Survey he considered no more than a tool in the hands of the sheep men. Last year the sheep men turned a tousand dollars into a bounty for coyote scalps. Garnier trapped and shot more than 100 coyotes in a month. The day before he turned the scalps in to the Biological Survey, the

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Shoshone, Lincoln Co. Idaho, Dec. 23, 1935 Sheep men voted to use this same money, given them by the Biological Survey, in a poisoning campaign up in the Sawtooth. They bought 85 horses at 10 dollars a head, drove them to scattered spots along the length of the range, and used them as coyote bait. They did not poison the carcasses directly, but scattered several hundred small pills of mutton fat, impregnated with strychnine around the immediate vicinity of the carcass. If One can imagine how many weasels, martin, fox and other predators were poisoned by this method to every one coyote. Garner was very bitter against the sheep men, not only because they assertedly had stolen three hundred dollars from him in this way, but also because they had killed many times this amount worth of fur by the poisoning campaign which ensued. I was advised to consult Mr. J.M. Wright, The local game warden at Bellview for information on trappers in the vicinity. Some of the birds that he knew were in the Sawtooth around Hailey were Rosbust, Bald Eagle, Duck Hawk, and two or three species of Grouse. A Kingfisher was seen fishing in Big Woods River.

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Belleview, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec. 24, 1935 Caught the 6:30 A.M. train for Ketchum which finally left Shoshone at about 7:45. The trip to Belleview, some 40 miles, took more than three hours. Arrived at the Ennis home in Belleview in time for lunch. Mr. Wibly Head a sheep man was staying with the Ennis's for the holidays, and from him I learned that Mr. Wright, district game warden, was constantly in touch with local trappers and would be able to contact almost all the trappers in the immediate vicinity. Mr. Head also recommended that I try to find Mr. Ben L. Evans who lives in Cerey. He is the representative of the sheep men in the Biological Survey and would be able to obtain skulls of many of the larger mammals especially Bear, Fox, and Coyote. After lunch he took me up to Hailey 5 miles north of Belleview, and there I interviewed Mr. More the forest supervisor. Mr. More could give me little information as he had no dealings with trappers through the Forest Service, and had not lived in Hailey long enough to know them personally. On the way through town we met Mr. Wright, who proved exactly the sort of a man we were looking for. Mr. Wright had lived in this area

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Caught the 6:30 A.M. train for Ketchum which finally left Shoshone at about 7:45. The trip to Bellevue, some 40 miles, took more than three hours. Arrived at the Ennis home in Bellevue in time for lunch. Mr. Zorly Head a sheep man was staying with the Ennis's for the holidays, and from him I learned that Mr. Wright, district game warden, was constantly in touch with local trappers and would be able to contact almost all the trappers in the immediate vicinity. Mr. Head also recommended that I try to find Mr. Ben L. Evans who lives in Cerey. He is the representative of the sheep men in the Biological Survey and would be able to obtain skulls of many of the larger mammals especially Bear, Fox, and Coyote. After lunch he took me up to Hailey 5 miles north of Bellevue, and there I interviewed Mr. More the forest supervisor. Mr. More could give me little information as he had no dealings with trappers through the Forest Service, and had not lived in Hailey long enough to know them personally. On the way through town we met Mr. Wright, who proved exactly the sort of a man we were looking for. Mr. Wright had lived in this area

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Bellevue Blaine Co Idaho Dec 24/1935 for more than 30 years. His position as Game Warden demanded that he make frequent visits to all local trappers to check on all furs taken in the district. He said that all the different types of mammals expected in this area were being taken and that he was sure that he could within the next week get almost any fur that I demanded. He also thought that if he spoke to the various trappers that they would gladly save skulls and skeletons of all the mammals trapped. He invited me to accompany him on all his excursions to see trappers, from Picabo to Galena Summit. He said that Martin was regularly caught, and I would have no trouble getting a skin and several skulls. While he was with us we visited Mr Linderman, a trapper, living on the outskirts of Hailey, and picked up a beaver pelt which had been caught accidentally. The skin was several weeks old, so the skull was not obtainable. Working with Mr Wright I should be able to seek out all the trappers in this vicinity and all contacts will be made through his respected authority. Tomorrow is Christmas Day so all business activities will be suspended, and the day will be spent in the field.

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Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 26, 1935 Hiked up the border of Big Wood River from the town of Bellevue, up the valley about 2 miles, across the valley bottom to the base of the hills on the east side, and back along the base of the hills. Distance about 4 miles. Weather is warmer than the last few days. Along the aspen-bordered stream the snow is about a foot deep, and the stream is bordered by a thick layer of ice which in some places extends across the entire width. Birds are very scarce and the trees almost entirely devoid of bird calls. Probably the bird most often encountered is the Black-capped Chickadee. Single Song Sparrows were occasionally seen in those places where scattered clumps of dogwood filled an otherwise open area. I flushed a flock of American Goldeneys which flew across above me affording an excellent view of the general body color and the distinctive spot in front of the eye. I found a large Horned Owl perched about 20 feet from the ground in an aspen tree. When shot the bird took about 5 minutes to reach the ground, for although the body seemed lax, the feet clung to every branch or twig which came within their reach. The size was exceptionally large.

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Belleview Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 25, 1935 as compared with the sub species found around Berkeley in California. A pair of Water OuZels were diving in the swiftly running stream, but flew upstream uttering their alarm call at my approach. Magpies were found in several flocks but seemed extremely wary. In a deep, slow flowing ditch, flowing parallel to the main stream I flushed a flock of four Lesser Scaup. I reached the border of the ditch when all four ducks were under water. They flew in a hurry, one by one as they reached the surface of the water. I crossed about a half mile of wheat field covered with more than a foot of loose snow. The hillsides were deeply covered with snow on the north side of the steep valleys and almost free of snow on the south sides. I climbed up the slope several hundred feet and traversed the hillside for about half mile. No sign of life was seen, but coyote tracks were numerous and several Badger tracks were found. A small frozen ditch follows the contours of the bottom of the slope, and is bordered

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Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 25, 1935 by a thick growth of aspen. A flock of 8 Redpolls were found feeding on the seeds of The birds were calling with fine almost lisping calls and were continually flying from the trees to the ground. At the sound of a shot the whole flock scattered but soon resumed their feeding in another location. The bird shot was so mutilated by the shot I doubt whether I can make a skin of it. In the same place I located a flock of about 7 Chickadees which seemed to be composed of half Mountain and half Black- Capped Chickadees. The Black Capped were somewhat larger and lacked the white line over the eye. December 26, 1936. While pitching alfalfa out in the pasture this morning I found the opportunity to broach the rather delicate subject of sheep men vs. wild life with Mr. Head. Head has lived in this country running sheep for more than 25 years. Before 1930 he owned more than 18,000 sheep and an enormous amount of land in the hills south of Hailey. In the last few years

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Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 26, 1935 he lost all he owned except a few sheep and his land. He is now rebuilding his flock which now numbers about 2000. I asked him for the sheep man's side of the diminishing wild life question and his explanation was something like this: The West in crowding out the natural wild animals is only following a line of progress which is analogous to the destruction of vegetation by cities, of streams by dams. Sheep and cattle are a necessary part of our new civilization and are much more valuable than the native animals which they replace. If the wild life must go, it will be replaced by other forms, such as cats, dogs, horses, - and sheep. Range animals he said was the nucleus around which the West was built, and without them the early settlers would just have existed, and our present civilization would not have reached its present high point of organization. His opinions on poisoning were, however very broad minded. He believes that he is the only sheep man in this area who does not sanction and encourage the poisoning of wild animals. He said that

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Belle view, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 26, 1935 several times in sheep mens meetings he has alone taken a stand against a poison- ing campaign but has been laughed down as a radical. He believes that the ordinary sheep man is very narrow minded, considering his own interests only, disregarding the welfare of the trapper and the public. He also believes that a hired government trapper can secure more coyotes than the most widespread poisoning campaign, and cited the example of a trapper who secured over 300 coyotes in 2 months time. He also blamed a good deal of the criticism of sheep men should be aimed at a few large corporations who run hundreds of thousands of sheep over areas too small to provide feed for them all. Also men who graze sheep in our National Forests should pay more for their land, but grazing in these areas should not be excluded. Sheep in forested areas actually do good in some cases, he observed, In the Sawtooth the sheep help keep down blister rust by killing and trampling the thick growth of small trees growing on the forest border, which harbor the rust when left alone.

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Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 24, 1935 This evening I paid a visit to Mr. Wright. He explained that he had not gone out today because most of the trappers had not ventured out again after the holidays. Tomorrow he had a case in court, in which he must testify at the trial of four men he caught fishing through the ice. The next day he expected to visit the region around Carey, which will give me the opportunity to visit Mr. Evans who lives there. The conversation switched to the subject of poisoning of predators. Mr. Wright, although he often had actually prepared the poisoned material for killing coyotes was very much opposed to this method of destroying these animals. He knew that numerous other forms were killed when carcasses were poisoned indirectly by scattering strychnine impregnated lumps of fat. This method, however, has proven most effective for killing coyotes, and it's effect on other forms was dis- regarded by sheep men and consequently by the Biological Survey. He lamented the fact that government paid coyote trappers were so dishonest in their operations and cited the case of a trapper whom he too recommended who was seen selling beaver

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ing 1935 Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho. Dec 26, 1935. pells in Salt Lake City. The problem could not be solved by requiring trappers who are working on public land to turn in a stipulated number of coyote pelts, for coyotes varied in number in different areas, and the skill of each trapper in ability to trap coyotes also varied greatly. He referred to an excellent trapper, experienced, and successful in obtaining all other forms of skins, who could not catch any of the numerous coyotes which infested the area in which he was trapping. The general scarcity of birds was attributed to some extent to the poisoning of them by government men poisoning coyotes in this district. Dec. 27, 1935 A storm came up during the night last night, and this morning it was snowing with more than an inch of snow on the ground. About 9:00 I watched a flock of more than 500 Waxwings fly south down the valley about 100 feet high and in a long line with a front more than a hundred yards long. Four other flocks followed each with about 50 individuals. During the day I saw several flocks flying in different directions, but the general direction

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Belleve, Blaine Co. Idaho, Dec 27, 1930 seems to be south. At about 4:00 P.M. I located a flock in a tall aspen in the yard of a house about 2 blocks out of the center of Bellevue. I immediately noticed that the birds were large in size and closer examination showed white patches on the wings and a noticeable orange color of the under tail coverts. The entire flock was no doubt composed of Bohemian Waxwings and it is likely that all of the birds seen today were of the same species. In the afternoon I visited Eugene Glahn living on the outskirts of Bellevue east of town. He had several mounted specimens of birds amongst which was a Bonapart Gull, collected on Magic Dam 14 mi. south of Bellevue, an Avocet from the power plant a mile north of Bellevue, a Golden Eagle, American Goldencaps, and Screech Owl, all collected near Bellevue. He had two skins of Mountain Goat which he had shot in the mountains north of here. I obtained a foot of a Mountain Goat collected October 11, 1935, a male. I also purchased a Badger skin for $2.00, trapped on November 22, 1935. The skin, he said, was in dark phase.

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Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec. 29/1935 Bohemian Waxwings are still numerous. Several flocks were seen averaging 50 to 75 individuals. Mr. Wright remarked this morning that usually the waxwings arrived sometime in February. He could not explain their early arrival this year. Almost the entire food consists of the rotted, frozen apples left on the trees from the previous summer. Took a hike up Muldoon Canyon which heads off east from Wood River Canyon opposite Bellevue. Started at 100 P.M. hiked up the canyon, alternating between the road and the stream, for about 4 or 5 miles. Started back at 3:30 arrived in Bellevue about 5:00 P.M. Weather, unusually cold, clear. The first two miles of the canyon bottom is filled with broad fenced fields and small patches of Artemesia. In this area birds were completely absent, except for a single Song Sparrow, and occasional Magpies. Circling over one of the high peaks to the north of the canyon I noticed two hawks about the size of a Red Tailed Hawk, which were probably Ferruginous Rough Legged. A moment later another bird soared over the same peak near the two hawks and continued onward up the canyon. This raptor was noticeably larger, seeming almost

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Belevue, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 28 1935 half again as large as the others. It was probably a Golden Eagle, as they are supposed to be fairly common around here, despite the state bounty on the species. I flushed a Horned Owl from a clump of Cottonwood near the stream. Several times I raised flocks of Mallards which circled several times and alighted again farther upstream. Later I flushed one flock of about fifty Mallards from a large pool about 4 miles up the canyon. Several Wilson Snipe were encountered while I was following the course of the stream. They were feeding in the small areas of water cress which bordered all the larger pools. They seemed rather evenly spaced occurring at about 100 yard intervals along the stream. About three miles up the canyon near a shallow unfrozen pool I heard a sharp chattering sounding very much like the scolding notes of the Golden Mantled Ground Squirrel. I could barely see the movements of the animal through a thick growth of cottonwood and when I moved to a better position the animal disappeared. Later about 4 miles up the canyon, while stalking the flock of Mallards, I heard

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Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec. 28, 1935 the same scolding call. I located the animal perched in the slender upper branches of a clump of Cottonwoods. I identified the animal as a Pine Squirrel by the dark gray upper parts, white eye ring, white underparts and patches on either side of the nose. The animal was exceedingly adept at traveling from branch to branch, and clump to clump, but allowed me to approach within ten feet for observation. This is a new mammal for my list. Visited Gene Glahn on the return trip. He will visit his traps tomorrow, and invited me to accompany him on the rounds next Tuesday. December 29, 1935 Accompanied Mr. Wright on a tour of inspection of Warm Springs Game Preserve this morning. The snow was from a foot to eighteen inches deep in the canyon necessitating chains on the car. The canyon seemed almost devoid of bird life at this time. During one of our stops I heard several Chukars calling and the call of an unknown bird which Mr. Wright called a Clarke's Crow or "Camp Robber"

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Belleve, Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 29,1936 The call was unfamiliar to me and the quality did not seem to be that of the Clarke Coos. We saw tracks of numerous deer, several coyote, many snowshoe rabbit, and one weasel. Several tracks of small mammals were seen. On the return trip we spotted two elk feeding high on the mountain slope on the north side of the valley. Before leaving the valley the storm, which had been threatening all morning, advanced down the valley and a light snowfall began. We stopped for a few minutes at the deserted Warm Springs Hotel. Here a large flow of hot sulfur water spurts from the rock along a ledge about two hundred feet long just above the river bed. Directly across from the springs I found recent Beaver workings, where they had gnawed two cottonwoods, each almost two feet in diameter, about half through. The river, however was not dammed in the near vicinity. Set out 8 mouse traps below a rocky point at the head of Slaughterhouse Canyon east of Bellevue. All of these were placed at the base of tuft grass, or near dense thickets of Aspen. I set one steel trap at

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Bellevue, Blaine Co Idaho Dec 29, 1935 the entrance to a large hole below a rocky ledge. Absolutely no sign of life was seen in the two hours I was in the canyon. Gene Glahn had caught nothing in the 25 traps he had set up Woods River Canyon. He said that the storm had driven most of the mammals into their holes in the last few days, and that trapping probably would not be good again until the snow stopped falling. December 30, 1935 Accompanied Mr. Wright to Hailey where we looked up Mr. Linderman. He was not at home but his wife expected him back from the trap line the next day. While Mr. Wright fulfilled a few of the sundry duties of a game warden I walked down to the river west of Hailey. Saw a Kingfisher perched on a wire above the stream next to the bridge. Two Juncos were feeding in the stream bed where the warm water from the overflow of the Warm Springs hot spring pipe had melted the snow. Several Mountain Chickadees and one Magpie were seen. Returned to Bellevue in a driving snowstorm which was piling up fast. In the afternoon

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Bellevue Blaine Co. Idaho Dec. 30, 1936. I ventured out on skis and visited Mr. Ivy who lives about a mile west of Bellevue. He is a trapper for the Biological Survey, but his operations had ceased on December 1st. He said that he knew of no other trapper in Bellevue, but suggested that I see a Mr. Robinson in Hailey. I crossed the valley and started up Muldoon Canyon. In a clump of aspen about a mile up the canyon I saw two Junco's, a Song Sparrow, and heard several Chickadees. About 4:30 the snow became so heavy that I was forced to retreat and spend the rest of the day at home. Dec. 31, 1935 The last storm piled up about 5 or 6 inches of snow in this district. This morning was clear but toward noon clouds came up again although no snow fell. Waxwings were especially numerous this morning, many flocks averaging about 100 individuals were seen, and one flock with more than 300 birds lit in a row of aspens along a road just north of Bellevue. Visited three Badger traps with Gene Glahn up Water Gulch, which runs into the east

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Belleue, Blaine Co. Idaho December 31, 1935 side of Wood River Canyon about a mile north of Belleue. In a certain aspen thicket in the canyon bottom we found tracks of cottontail but no rabbits were found although we beat through the dense thicket thoroughly. Gone remarked that last year he had shot 23 rabbits in one day in this one clump of aspens. Collected a female Bohemian Waxwing this afternoon. January 1, 1936 Visited the line of 8 mouse traps set on the rocky point above the mouth of Slaughterhouse Canyon. The recent snowfall had covered the traps with almost an inch of snow. One of the traps which had been set beneath a large Artemesia had been visited by a coyote. The fresh tracks in the snow showed that the coyote had approached the trap, then covered with snow, circled it, then sprung it and in some way carried it away for the trap was missing. It is hard to understand why a coyote should be interested in a trap baited with oatmeal. I doubt if there was a mouse in the trap for there were no rodent tracks near the trap.

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Bellevue, Blaine Co Idaho Jan. 1, 1936 The steel trap was unsprung and Magpies had carried away the bait. Another mouse trap set in a hollow under a high cliff was missing, and both coyote and weasel tracks had visited the spots. Set a no. 1 1/2 steel trap at the entrance to a hole which showed rabbit tracks entering but not leaving. Crossed the ridge and descended the other side toward Bellevue. Small rodent tracks were numerous around Artemisia clumps near the summit but were scarce above the valley floor. I could find no rodent tracks around the scattered Artemisia on the valley floor. Flushed a Dark Hawk which was feeding on a freshly killed domestic pigeon in the bottom of a frozen irrigation ditch bordered by aspens which parallels the base of the hills following the contours of the hills about 25 feet above the flat valley floor. The hawk flew carrying the remains of the pigeon and lit about 200 feet ahead. When I approached it left the carcass of the pigeon and flew past me heading up the valley. I discovered a flock of Bohemian Waxwings perched in a tall aspen, which overlooked a small apple orchard heavily laden with frozen apples, in Bellevue. As I watched.

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Bellevue, Blaine Co., Idaho Jan 1, 1936 The flock gradually dispersed leaving in small flocks of 30 or more all flying in a similar direction up the valley. As I approached the Tree I noticed only a few birds left and closer examination showed that they were all Evening Grosbeaks. A single shot brought down two of the birds, a male and female. The flock contained about 25 individuals. At dusk I hiked up to the slaughterhouse at the mouth of Slaughterhouse Canyon where I had noticed numerous weasel tracks this morning. I set 3 traps here, one a trail set and 2 baited sets. I also set a trail set for White Tailed Jackrabbit here. A Horned Owl was heard hooting as I returned home. January 2, 1935. It snowed more than 6 inches last night and was still snowing this morning. My traps were deeply covered and all empty. Another mouse trap was missing. I now believe that these missing traps have caught mice, and have attracted coyote or weasel which have carried them away. As I picked up my last trap a flock of Bohemian Waxwings, about 500 in number lit in a croup of aspens a few hundred feet below me.

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February 1936 Belleve, Blaine Co., Idaho Jan 2, 1936 This flock of Waxwings was soon joined by another flock of about 300 smaller birds which seemed to prefer the lower desert shrubs to alight upon. The call reminded me of Rosy Finch but the actions were not remotely similar. One shot brought down six Waxwings, but the flock of smaller birds which I had not yet identified left, flying up the valley, and although I traveled up the valley more than a mile, I did not see them again. In the afternoon I went up to Hailey where I visited Mr. Linderman, who is probably the only trapper who is now working the forested country north of Ketchum. He had four Marton pelts, one Mink and several Muskrat. He also had very thoughtfully saved a number of skulls from his last trip over the trap line. I made arrangements to accompany him as he made the rounds of his trap line the next day. January 3, 1936 We started about noon today when the weather cleared enough to insure a road fairly free from snow. About 2 miles beyond

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Twining 1936 Baker Creek 12 mi. North Ketchum, Blaine Co., Idaho Jan. 3, 1936 Ketchum Linderman visited a series of six traps in the meanderings of a crooked slough bordering Wood River. We found one Muskrat in one trap which was medium size and prime. Linderman says that Muskrat become prime at this time of year, and that none of those caught previous to this time have been prime. About 8 miles beyond Ketchum at the lower end of Boulder Meadow, one of the traps, beneath an overhanging bank of the fast flowing stream, contained a large dark Mink. We camped in a small tent half covered with snow at the crossing of Baker Creek. Birds are exceedingly scarce in this country. Since leaving Ketchum I have seen 1 Ouzel, 1 Song Sparrow, and 3 Mountain Chickadees. Linderman has a number of frozen carcasses and skeletons which I will classify when I return. January 4, 1936 It snowed another 6 inches last night making more than 3 feet of snow in the open areas around camp. The snow is exceedingly light and dry, so snowshoes sink almost up to ones knees in the loose snow. We started up Baker Creek with Linderman breaking trail on

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Turning 1936 Baker Creek 12 mi. north Ketchum, Blaine Co. Idaho. Jan. 4, 1936. snowshoes and myself following on skii: The altitude here is about 6000 feet, with Artemesia covered valleys and dense stands of Lodgepole Pine on the north-facing slopes. As we climbed to the higher valleys the entire area was forest with Douglas Fir dominant, mixed with occasional Lodgepole Pine (Lasiocarpha) and Balsam Fir. Aspen is found in small clumps along the stream border. Tree- less areas are filled with a low shrubby willow. The Lodgepole Pines hold their cones for many years. In all the trees the limbs are thickly clothed with old cones and in some cases cones are seen many feet down the main trunk of the tree. Weasel tracks were occasionally seen in the forested areas and with the exception of a few Snowshoe Rabbit tracks these were the only tracks seen. Linderman says that most animals, including rabbits, hole up directly after a storm, waiting for the loose snow to pack. Beaver workings were seen in Baker Creek valley but we did not have time to plow through the deep snow off the trail to examine them closely.

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Turning 1936 Baker Creek 12 mi. north Ketchum, Blaine Co. Idaho Jan, 4, 1936. About 2 miles up Baker Creek we turned up a tributary to the north. The amount of snow on the ground increased to nearly four feet and was so loose that progress was painfully slow. The Marten traps were set several feet above the ground where a slanting log, leaning against the tree, met the tree. The bait was tied to the trunk of the tree about 18 inches above the trap, and usually consisted of a piece of Muskrat or Snowshoe Rabbit. No. 1 1/2 Victor trap was used. The situation was usually in the canyon bottom where a belt of trees crossed the valley and was bordered on each side by meadows. These crossings are used by Marten as lanes when traveling across the valley. The traps were set in dense thickets of trees to which Marten are supposed to be attracted, as these are locations in which squirrels and rabbits are most likely to be found. In the series of 15 traps only one Marten was caught. In the nine hours we were in the field the only birds seen were 3 flocks of Mountain Chickadees.

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Baker Creek, 12 mi. north Ketchum, Blaine Co. Idaho. Jan 5, 1936 I was awakened this morning by a Pine Squirrel chattering in the Lodgepole pine above our tent. By the time I was able to get out he was in another clump nearby but I could not see him, as he stopped chattering when I approached. This morning we picked up 7 Muskrat traps along the banks of Wood River about a mile above the junction of Baker Creek. Most of the traps were frozen into the bank and all were empty. A pair of Water Egrets were diving and feeding in the swift running parts of the stream which were more or less free from ice. Saw two Kingfishers on the way home, both perched on wires next to a bridge. So far, most of the bridges I have seen crossing Wood River have had Kingfishers perched somewhere nearby. Mr. Linderman predicts that this winter will be a cold one with little snow. He bases this conclusion on several observations. He has watched a family of Beaver storing food for the winter, and has seen them laying aspen shoots along the river edge where the stream undercuts the convex side of a bend. This part of the stream, due to the fast flowing water, will be free from ice in

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Baker Creek 12 mi. north Hetchum, Blaine Co. Idaho. Jan 5, 1936 The coldest part of the winter when the food in the dam would be unavailable. He also has watched Muskrat storing food in a low spot near the stream which would indicate that there will be little snow to cover this supply but a great thickness of ice to render food in the water un- available. He showed me a stretch of water inhabited by an old Beaver who lived in the bank and did not attempt to build a dam. This Beaver had tried several times to build a dam across the stream but was unsuccessful due to the swiftness of the water. Linderman had seen the tracks of one Fisher last year about a mile up Baker Creek. These tracks are the only sign of this animal he has found in the Sawtooth. He is of the opinion however that they are more common in areas remote from roads and towns. Jan 6, 1936 Still snowing intermittently today. Hetch hiked to Bellevue and back in the afternoon to see Davis but found that he was spending the day south of here near Jerome. The

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Twining 1936 Hanley, Blaine Co., Idaho. Jan 6, 1936 thermometer was at -12° F this morning at 8:00 A.M. and has not risen above 0° all day. Spent most of the day indoors discussing assorted topics with Linderman, but the conversation centered mainly around trapping, and effect of poisoning and sheep grazing wild life. Linderman by some sort of logic or another can attribute most of the country's ills to grazing of sheep, or poisoning by sheep men. He says that the sheep men, by paying half the expenses of poisoning operations, keep the Biological Survey in the position of a department subordinate to their wishes. He knows that poisoning as a means of ridding the country of coyotes is almost useless. A coyote is one animal which is too intelligent to be poisoned. A coyote immediately suspects a poisoned carcass and if he does eat from the carcass, he can taste the bitterness of the strychnine and will spit it out. After one coyote has been killed by the poison and lies nearby, other coyotes will not touch the poisoned meat. He believes that a poisoned carcass will kill ten other predatory animals such as skunk, marten, weasel, fox, and bobcat, to one coyote.

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Turning 1936 Hailey, Elaine Co. Jan 6, 1936. Lindeman knows several trappers who were once violently opposed to poisoning, but who immediately accepted the position of poisoner for the Biological Survey at $50 a month. He also is cynical about the future of wild life as a whole. Wild life in the Eastern States has already been almost eliminated by the inroads of civilization and now the resources of the West must slowly go. Twenty-fives or thirty years ago the Wood River valley was a trappers paradise, and now, mainly because of the grazing of sheep, the country can hardly support a single trapper. The only way to bring back wild life to a vestige of their former state is to bar sheep from National Forests, and restrict sheep grazing to private lands. Jan 7, 1936. Returned to Bellevue this morning with Davis. In the afternoon I hiked along the small ditch bordering Wood River Valley on the east side for about two miles. Shot 2 Junco and a Song Sparrow, and saw one Flicker and several Magpies. In the valley next to the river just west of Bellevue I came on the main flock of

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Turning 1936 Bellevue, Blaine Co, Idaho Jan 7, 1936 Bohemian Waxwings numbering about 400 individuals. A flock of seven Mallard Ducks was encountered along the river, and a single Ouzel was seen diving in the swift flowing rapids of the stream. Jan 8, 1936. We left Bellevue this morning at 11:00 and headed for Rupert by way of Shoshone Eden, Hazelton, and Burley. About ten miles south of Bellevue we flushed three Sage Hens from a point near the road. Numerous rabbit tracks were seen in the snows at lower altitudes as we approached Shoshone These I noticed were aggregated in the more protected low spots, in places where the most inconspicuous crossing of the road could be accomplished. Ravens were occasionally seen from Shoshone to Paul. Several American Rough Legged Hawks were observed foraging over the fields, and one was secured as he flew paralleling the moving car. The drain ditches from Monument Lake Reservoir contained a mixed flock of American Goldeneye and Redhead Ducks. The flock contained about 20 individuals of which

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Twining 1936! Bellevue, Blaine Co. Idaho. Jan 8, 1936. I saw Redheads. A Kingfisher was seen here, perched on a wire above the stream. Jan 9, 1936 - Rupert, Minidoka Co. Idaho. We stayed at Rupert last night and this morning drove to Burley. On the return trip we stopped where the highway crosses the Snake River, and hunted here for about an hour. The river was almost completely frozen. A few small patches of water on the lee side of the bridge were the only indications of water. A strong wind blowing across the frozen surface of the river, hurling sheets of snow against the bank, kept most of the bird life low and silent in the sparse willow growth on the edge of the river. I found a concentration of bird life in a fringe of willows bordering a strip of open ground about 200 feet long bordering the river bank. Here I saw a single Tree Sparrow uttering frequent call notes, which had a quality similar to that of the White Crowned Sparrow. I collected this bird, and also a White Crowned Sparrow in winter plumage, in the same clump.

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January 1936 Rupert Minidoka Co. Idaho, Jan 9, 1936 A group of three Kildeer bit on the border of the open stretch of ground and I obtained one of these. A lone Pipit was also secured here. A flock of Junco near by proved to be a mixture of mearnsi and oreganus when a pair of specimens were shot. I saw a flock of 12 Sandpipers feeding on the wet ground where a spring had cleared the banks of the river of snows. They flew at my approach and I did not have the opportunity to determine whether they were Least or Western Sandpipers. Davis collected three Song Sparrows here and shot another Tree Sparrow which was travelling with the flock of Junco's. Several Black Tailed Jackrabbits were seen and Davis secured one. On the way back toward Rupert we saw a flock of over 20. ?Willow Gold-finch, but the birds were exceedingly flighty and attempts at collecting were unsuccessful. Jan 10, 1936 Davis and I packed up this morning and about noon took the road to

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Rupert Mindaka Co. Idaho Jan 8, 1936 Albion in order to obtain a few more photographs of the country before leaving. The January thaw has commenced leaving the desert almost free of snow. Almost every low spot is filled, or is running water. An examination of a dense hedge bordering the road about 3 miles south of the Snake River yielded a large flock of English Sparrows, a lone Song Sparrow, a few Willow Goldfinches, and two Red Shafted Flickers. As the road starts its climb toward Albion a small clump of Juniperus scopulorum appears on the hillside above the road. Davis shot a Black Tailed Jackrabbit here, and we took a number of feet of movie film. We were disappointed to find that the thaw had removed almost every trace of snow from the vicinity of Albion, and we would have to leave Idaho without taking more photographs of snow scenes. Ten miles west of Burley we collected a pair of Horned Larks from a flock of about 30.

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Twining, H. 1935-1936 Idaho Dec. 23, 1935 - Jan. 8, 1936 Catalog of specimens #100-142

Catalog Shoshone Lincoln Co Idaho Dec 23, 1935 100 & Muskrat skull only 526 - 240 - 75 101 ? skull only " 527 - 235 - 74 Bellevue Blaine Co Idaho Dec 27, 1935 102 & White Tailed Jackrabbit 530 - 80 - 170 - 110 103 ? Horned Owl Bellevue Blaine Co Idaho Dec 28, 1935 skin only 12.00 104 Badger Injured by E. Glahn Nov. 22, 1931 Bellevue Blaine Co Idaho Jan. 1, 1936 105 ? Evening Grosbeak " 106 & Bellevue Blaine Co Idaho Jan. 2, 1936 107 ? Bohemian Waxwing " 108 ? House Mouse Blaine Co Idaho Wood River 1 mi north Ketchum Dec 21, 1935 115 ? Mink - Taken by A. Linderman skel + skin 515 - 162 - 47 116 ? Oiest Cat " 368 - 143 - 37 Baker Creek 12 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co Idaho Dec. 10, 1935 skel + skin 117 ? Marten Taken by A. Linderman 592 - 21 - 69. Baker Creek 12 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co Idaho Dec 20, 1935 skel only 118 ? Badger Taken by A. Linderman 710 - 123 - 108 Wood River 18 mi. N Ketchum Blaine Co Idaho Jan 3, 1936 skel + skin 119 ? Mink Taken by A. Linderman 365 - 158

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Wood River 13 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 20, 1935 skel. only 120 ♂ Mink Taken by A. Linderman Baker Creek 12 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Jan 3, 1936 skel. + skin 121 ♂ Marten Taken by A. Linderman 312-228-85-44 Wood River 8 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Dec 1, 1935 skel. only 122 ♀ Beaver Taken by A. Linderman. Wood River 2 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Jan 3, 1936. skull. only 123 ♀ Muskrat Taken by A. Linderman 49c-255-44 Baker Creek 12 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Jan 4, 1936 124 ♀ Pine Squirrel Taken by A. Linderman 310-120-46-27 125 ♂ " " " 305-100-49-24 Bellevue Blaine Co. Idaho Jan 7, 1936 126 ♂ Junco Baker Creek 12 mi north Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Jan 4, 1936. 127 ♀ Pine Squirrel 295-105-45-14 Snake River 1 mi west Heyburn Minidoka Co. Idaho Jan 1936. 128 ♂ Pipit 130 ♀ Tree Sparrow 1 mi west Paul. Minidoka Co. Idaho Jan 8, 1936 131 ♀ American Rough Legged Hawk

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Baker Creek, 12 mi. North Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Dec. 1935 skel only 131 ♂ Marten 605 - 205 skel only 132 ♀ Marten 570 - 205 Skel Only 133 ♀ " 565 - 200 skel only 134 ♀ " 555 - 200 Wood River 8 mi. North Ketchum Blaine Co. Idaho Dec. 1935 skel only 135 ♀ Muskrat 565 - 255 - 75 skull only? 136 ? " Wood River near Shoshone, Blaine Co. Idaho. Dec. 1935 Col by Mr. Yangard. skel only 137 ♀ Muskrat 570 - 265 - 87 skel only? 138 ? " 465 - 215 - 73 skull only? 139 ? " Hailey Blaine Co Idaho Dec. 1935. skull only 140 ? Snowshoe Rabbit. 10 mi. West Burley Cassia Co. Idaho Jan 10, 1936 141 ♂ Horned Lark 142 ♂ Horned Lark

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