Field Notebook: New York, Pennsylvania 1901

"Buffalo Expedition 1901 Buffalo Cement quarries. Leviston, New Bloomfield 1901 came again with Crane in 1901."

Lerrieton May 1901 New Bloomfield May 1901 " " 21-1901 Whismia " 25 Bloomsturg " 30 cellengpvc " 31 Please return to Charles Schuchert U. S. National Museum Washington, D.C. Monday = Holidaysgng drop Tuesday = Lerrieton Wednesday = New Bloomfield - Lark Mills Thurs. Irorania etc = Bloomsturg Friday cellingpvc Sat. Port jervis Sunday Schuchert Monday

R. J. Bessler 617 Ann St. Cincinnati O doc. 84 May 3 Day transfer 20- - 3 dinner m cars ✓ 1.00 - 4 Hotel Jeff (Lunbury) ✓ 1.50 - 4 R. R. Lexington to Louisville 1.82 - 6 Round trip to Mr Clune .80 - 6 Day and help ✓ 1.25- - 7 3 days Hotel at Lewiston 6.00 - 7 Bus - 7 R. R. Lewiston to Bloomfield 1.75- - 8 2 boxes, paper etc .25 - 8 Bus go here .75 - 8 Hotel at M. Bloomfield 3.00 - 9 R. R. to Harrisburg .79 - 7 dinner m cars 1.00 $ 18.91

April 22 - 1901 Left Washington at 7.15 P.M. and arrived in Buffalo 7.30 A.M. Took room and board at the old Fillmore mansion soon to be called Castle Inn. Dotted at the Pan American Exposition daily from 8.30 to 5- afternoon of May firsts. May 1 - 1901 Spent the afternoon at the Buffalo Cement quarries collecting Marble's limestone fossils. There is no need to give the section here since this ground is once covered by Marbles paper. From the Marble's segment a Cryptography slot and many Ligula.

May 2 - 1901 Rained most of the day. Called at the Ex[change] in the morning and picked up in the afternoon. May 3 - 1901 Left [illegible] at 8.30 A.M. and arrived at Dunbury at 3.37 P.M. Will have to wait un- til tomorrow ten A.M. before can get a train to Lewistown. Stood at the Jeff House. May 4 - 1901 Started for Lewistown at 10 and arrived there by noon. Staying at the National Service. Spent the afternoon along the sec- tion line along the P.R.R. track east of Lewiston Junction station. Had a boy lay out section beginning in Ashbur- ton's Waterlime shale and ending in the Clinton Upper Shale.

"Are no fossils in the batydom shale travagated shale,? Magaya li.? hing Eura shale. Towards the centre of the Clinton upper red shale I found a few poorly preserved Leperditia's. In the dipping portion of the Clinton upper lime shale there are numerous thin limestone beds many of which are crowded soft fossils but few species. All the material I have is from these beds. Towards the middle of this seam I saw Orthis hybrida, Orthodonta griffardi (say), Cystea culicularis, Spirifer nigroauris, and S. sulcata or crispa. Probably of Mia- gara age. After seeing about a half hour in a quarry to the N.E. of Lexington in the Leiperston limestone, the most striking fossil is Leperditia rather large from that thin limestone in the Chalkland. I saw some Crura Chromias anales abundant.

Lewistown May 5 - 1901 Sunday. Spent the morning along the first three miles of the railroad towards Cumberland. The road follows pretty nearly on the strike of the lewisstone limestone. In the lower portion of this thin, laminated Magnesian limestone the only fossils noticed are Ostracods apparently the same zone as in Mullens quarry at Cumberland, Md. Towards the top of the ridge and apparently near the top of the Lewistown limestonethe rocks is more crystalline and has much crinoidal material Favosites and A. reticularis. I dont think this is very high up in the Lower Pennamurus zone. There may be from 20 to 40 feet over of Lewistown. In the afternoon crawled up to the top of the ridge to "Prospect rock." In a little quarry near the base of the ridge and east of the houses of the village A. reticularis

i common with a few valves of byssidula galentus small variety. These fossils and the physical con- ditions indicate the horizon to be the Merista zone of Cumberland. Did not determine if this is the last of the Leiviston limestone but if it is then this formation terminates with the Merista bed of the Cumberland section (See May 6-1901). A little higher on the road there is a little quarry for road metal, the rock seems to be a deep seated shale crust which creathing whitish. The only fossils seen were Leptopelia Stellula which leads one to think of it in the base of the Oriskany and the same as the Hoell crust which underlies the Qualthrop shale at the Devil's Post Pone at Cumberland. It is probably Aghburner Oriskany shale and my fossils are near the base of this for- ma-tion. Just what the Leviston shale is have not determined (See May 6-1901) Continuing of the road Hoell.

If Crystallany sandstone are seen and at the top of the ridge it pops out in large masses. It is a white sandrock slightly prinstain'd and grounds with Spirifera argenrous. Other fossils seen are Spirifra annetus, Russelagra ovides, Megalantus oralis, Hippar- ionyx profiones, Eatonia peculiae; and a large Tentaculite. All of these fossils are the characteristic Upper Crystallany species. Ashburner gives it as 110 feet thick and the Crystallany shale as 205 feet. Together 315 feet or about the same thickness as at Cumberland. Lewigton May 6th 1904 Took the 7.33 train for the Lumbury road to One Clure's which is 17 miles NE of Lewington. Just North of the ridge is a series of quarries which the farmers use to smelt lime for their fields. A face about 100 feet high in shurn here. The lowest layers

are the thin laminated limestone layers having the ostracods. Above these are are other thin beds slightly nodular abounding in Lepaditris and rarely a Rhynchonella with lamellae just the one for Lyson & Va. In the higher beds the Lepaditris are less common with Spirifer vanuxemi quite abundant and an occasional Rhynchonella formosa Rhynchospira and possibly a rare Meristella (see page 26) Returned to Lewiston on the 11.08 train arriving at 11.45. In the afternoon started in at the little quarry back and at the west end of Lewiston. This quarry is in the heavy bedded limestone near the top of the Lewiston formation, the Spiriferula saleata indeed some occurs here. Going to the top of the quarry the surface is covered with limestone frag- ments on some which I saw Dentaculites gracanthus. I estimate this covered area to be at least 50 fut. About here one also sees chunks of flint without ribs

"Above this the [?]am is covered with pierce a gelicious shale in which I found Leptrocoelia Satellite, Amphibia nucleata, Crystina petralia etc. These forms since their origin here were Giollamy. There are Ashburne's Levostatum lime shale as Orphanian. Since I have studied the Cumber land section I have surmised that, in the region of Pa. and Ind., either the top of the Hildubryan was not deposited or it was eroded away, in Perry Co Claypole notes little Helthous shale, and here there appears to be none. In Perry Co. the entire Orphanian seems to be reduced to 25 feet. Under these circumstances there seems to be a land interval between the Hildubryan and Orphanian always cutting out a small portion of the former and probably also much of the lower parts of the latter. The results hereabouts give the following strata table: After Orphanian 160'

Lower Oviakay 190-340' Includes Aethums, Oviakay shale, and Devistown lime shale. Immediately above the Devistown limestone I found Lower Oviakay [illegible] as noted where Coegmans Chut a furfet thick at top. Copedl gone 50' T. spicauthus on super heavy redded blue li. with oaky li. partim, Has Favosites, Sygidula salata Alcyon reticularis, Chelosprin, P. formosa, Rhynchospira Manlies. (No break leg) to openng 40' Thin redde subcrystalline limestone with thin shale partim., Has Spirifer vancei emi, Leperditia, P. formosa etc. 20' thin laminated blue opary limestone. Has Leperditia, Rhynchomella (lamellae), 15' Thin papery shaly limestone with some thin blue layers. Has Ostracods like those of Mullens quarry. 20' Thin papely limestone passing downward into the lime shale (Thickness estimated. Given here only as a general guide.) Shipped one box by Eppner.

New Bloomfield May 7-1901 Left Lewistown at 6.18 A.M. Changed cars at Uncannon and at 9.30 started on the Perry Co R. R. for this place where I arrived a little after 1 o'clock. After dinner walked out 2 miles N. E. to Clarks Mills also known as Bloomfield Junction on the Sherman Gally narrow gauge road. There is a fine exposure of much of the Lewis- town formation and all of the Clarks Mills formation. Collected material all the afternoon and laid them out in piles opposite to the beds. Tomorrow Bruce collect more, pack it and bring in on a wagon. Some of the Clarks Mills beds are a part of the Lewistown certainly are of the beds above those holding oliver-olites and the minute Monchignies. In other words about 90 feet of the upper beds.

"None of the Clarks Mills zones appears to be so young as typical Ceymans. The question arises if it is not best to include the Clarks Mills formation in the Silurian, calling it the Leipsicommian. This term may then include the Clarks Mills in the upper half part — or Lepiditias and Marlius for the lower half with these ostracods. If this is done it will remove most of the Silurian aspect from the Ordovician — the present known conditions — including the Homocerin zone of New York. May 8-1901 Spent the entire day at Clarks Mills collecting and packing the fossils by zones. Shipped two boxes by express. Tentaculites after its appearance in the Clarks Mills formation continues to occur to the end even through the split gull chief. There is nothing in these upper beds which leads me to believe they are as high as the Ceymans. Possibly no

"part is higher than the Tentaclite Gry at Regan. In the yellow, flint shale the regular Heldbergian forms seem to spite of the fact that Cleghorn said he found no fossils. I saw Orthomella punctulifera, Lys., chondroidea, Meirice glandulosa, D. cyclopterus and towards the top D. macropleura. The Diluvio-Deronic line is here therefore to be drawn at the top of the Clark's Mills formation. There in therefore here a faunal hiatus since no Creymans path its bybichela selecta gene occurs here. The Heldbergian-Oriskanian times appears in Pa. to have been one of very irregular oscillation. The deposits of the former towards the top of the derivation often time inconsistent in that one locality has a series of deposits not present a few miles away. The eutire matter needs looking into. (Later much of this is in error due to a wrong interpretation of the Lewiston line above).

May 9-1901 Left her Stonfield at 7.30 and Dunmurry at 8.20. Changed cars again at Bangor at 9.30- and arrived in Washington at 1.15 P.M.

May 21 - 1901 Left Washington at 7.00 O.M. for Harrisburg to meet Mr. Crane for a two week buggy trip through the Silurian and Devonian rocks of Pa. Just before arriving at Bridgeton which is opposite the city of Harrisburg on the North bank of the Susquehanna, large deposits occur in the Ordovician. There would be many thousand feet of limestone here. This may be a good place to study the eastern Ordovician. Other way quarries are starting towards Pittston. Had lunch at Harrisburg and started out with Crane by 12.30. Passed over a very long bridge over the Susquehanna and then along the river to Oquannoc. At Marysville in Rye Twp., Perry Co., the Oquandaja is directly underlain by the highest beds of the Hamilton. This then is some indication of the old land barrier which are here visible. It passes east.

through Dauphin and M'ullipah Co. From I meanin we pushed on to New Bloomfield practically following the Perry Co R.R. On this journey we passed over Catawilla, Chemung and Hamilton, Made no real effort to collect. Wednesday May 22- 1901 New Bloomfield Pa. By 7 A.M. we started for the Clarks Mills beds and after collecting half an hour it began to rain and continued to do so all day, Traveled untill noon and then returned to the hotel, The Rhynchonella lamellosa beds come in just below the cystal horizon and occur through about ten feet of strata. Found one cystal and but little else today. Stopt one night at New Bloom- field.

Thursday May 23-1901 Left New Bloomfield before 7 for the Clarks Mills beds where we spent the morning. Around my not hindering our collecting, seemed far less this time than on my first visit. Examined the yellow flint chokes in the fields opposite the mills for miles but saw almost none. Showed my first visit demonstrated them to be the macro glencoe zone. At the end of the field in the woods the Quisthany occurs as a fine conglomerate. Dare no trace of the Pentamerus salatus gone and I believe there is now none. Therefore there is a look of deposi- tion here between the “Clarks Mills beds” and the “yellow flint chokes” and again between the latter and the Quisthany. Here at Clarks Mills there is a sharp difference between the Clarks Mills beds and the Devonian blue marl bed limestone. The line is marked by Lepidodicta while the upper begins with the exotic but

"and then introduces Testuclites spna conthus. The fossils collected on this trip were have the separated according to my former collection. In this afternoon drive from Clark's Mills to Oneport where we crossed the Juniata. The rains of last night has been very heavy for the Junia- to is only its hands. Then we drove along the Juniata to Mifflintown where we stopped at the Guests House. drive 22 miles driving. Friday May 24-1901 Mifflin Town Gran left me here at 7 A.M he goin to the Clinton ore beds in the Fujsoon Valley not far from Lewis- town. He is to meet me Sunday morning at the National House in LewisTown. I take the 9.50 A M train for One Oeytown. Arrived 10.38. There are two quarries here on th

east of the village and delay is not made but me to the east. The latter is a low bluff on the edge of a small stream and the quarry cuts the beds through the strike. It begins low on the Lemington limestone the layers being al- mast of the Orndorja. I can n fossils excepting after Lefanditia and the entire Marchwings until beside the stream. Here the fossils are far rarer but in my own seen to show the Iowa Pentamerus gone. It has also a Cladofora Alodeti's Farnilly just. 2 species, A. reticularis. Across the stream the Orizlany appears. Left Mt Keytown at 1.49 for Orbisichia via Fort Union. Arrived a little before 5 P.M. A heavy shower came up but at 6 walked out to the limestone quarries in Shade Sap. A flood was on and I could not cross the stream. The quarries are nearly 2 mile from Orbisonia and are very extensive along the strike. On returning to the Allen house I

"learn that there is a way of getting over the stream on a bridge and driving to the quarry within 1/4 mile. Shade arrangements to do this in the morning. Saturday May 20-1901 Orbisoma A general rain is on this morning so therefore concluded to return to Lewistown. Left Orbisoma at 7:32 and Mt Union at 8:48 arriving at Lewistown before ten. Grave turned up by 1 P.M the rain driving him away from the Clinton locality in Flygusian valley six miles out from Lewistown. On the rain we started out on the trolley cars in Reydsville to see the Ordovician limestone. This limestone seems to have a great thickness but are we could here examine was the uppermost 200 foot or thereabouts. In the lower portion of this 200 foot we only saw Lelanditra fabulites, Bathyurus tail

and Igoepia nuenriostre, higher of Ratinosquina and thephorina came in with a rare Lepundita. At about this zone or a little higher these same species continued along with Orthus subaequata var. circu- laris, Q. tricenaria (sp) and Q. Tellarujosa. Still higher found Semioceras anceps, Macbura, Fusioporu and a small Endronias siphimple. Shipped by express from Lewistown a package containing the above mentioned fossils and also two collected yesterday at Old Meytown. Sunday May 26 - 1901 Lewistown to Middleburg Left Lewistown at 8.30 and arrived at One Clure at 12.30. Examined another quarry here, the one I did not visit on my former visit, but found almost nothing of value.

This quarry like the one of my former visit is in the lower beds, the fine solid fluent-block limestones with Lepidicla alta. This is followed by another 40 to 50 feet a less pure limestone and more nodular having Spirifer modesta. In the loose dark beds I also saw a T. gracantus. Between Bearcstown and Paxton- vile but nearest to the latter place beside the road at small quarries in the same beds as those of One Clerie's. Here I saw a very large Pentagmus solutus (longee form) proving the portion of Merista to have held the same position do at Centuriland. Stopt at the Central Hotel kept by Mr. D. Belden. Rained all day although the weather man had it 'fair.'

Monday May 27-1901 Middlebury to Northumberland. Left Middlebury at 7 O'm on the ridge road. After a very short drive collected in a number of square lime quarries beside the road. The following is a rough section. Heavy shale impure li. Broathing modular. About 20 feet seen. Solid blue tricolor li with a shale parting near center holding the small rocks collected. Stratum from are Favro-olites most abundant in lower half. About 40 feet. Thin bedded impure li. Eye fiddel, no fossils seen. About 20 feet. Some 5 or more miles farther N.E are 2 small quarries but seemed almost no fossils here. Arrived at Delinspore by 11.30 Distance traveled 12 miles.

"Here we are greatly surprised in learning that no major bridge crosses the Cusquashana here. Crane drove then to Northumberland while I would run the mile long P. R. bridge at Delinsprere and then 1 mile N. along the Northern Central P. R. along Delinsprere Junction. Here there is a complete section of the Helderbygian from the Salina to the Chistiane. It gained so ground and so hard while here that I would do nothing. Bill came back to it again. Met Crane in Dunbury and then took the ferry cars to Northumberland over one street run night. Packed my fossils and will ship tomorrow by express. The top piece rock on one of the culverts near Delinsprere Junction had S. coneypleme and P. galenatus. Just once the rock came from is not than by the station master but he thought it came from some fire to the north.

Tuesday May 28-1901 Northumberland to Bloomsturg. Rainy hard all night and Mr. Crane's horse very lame we con- ccluded not to start out this morning Later in the day after consultation or concluded on account of the condition of the horse to separate. After dinner I rode the LaCellewance train for Bloombury more direct stay for a few days collecting to the south-west. At Bloomsturg wrote letter to Craw, Which, Osborne, Beecher, Brindlee and Brooks. Stopping at the Central Hotel @ 1.50 Wednesday May 29-1901 Rain all day.

Thursday May 30 - 1901 Bloomsburg Pa. Started out west of Bloomsburg and began to collect in Shive Bros quarry at Provania 5 miles east of Blooms- burg, just half way to Danville. The section here according to White and modified by me is as follows. Fifty to S. of quarry with Stormsville shale. Bear D. cycloptera [counts out] 100' Stormville conglomerate 4' This is only a conglomerate for the lower 2 to 3 miles, which are numerous Mariaecrius ulmus, Fav- heldutyrjiae and Pentamurus salictus. Bear nor D. amenus. The balance in a flint band without fossils; the sandy flint seen in so many places joining the Stormsville shale. Beds down to Storms [illegible] give 16' At the very top of this series is a limestone concreted with Lep. alba. We are thus headed shaly lias shales. Stromatoporra bed 10' This bed also has smaller branching Fav., and Stephanozoon.

"Beds dnn to Bastard li" 17. Immediately beneath the [illegible] are about 4 feet of black shales in which I saw Rhynchonella Hamiltoni and Pholidogy. Then come blue bedded li. for about ten feet followed by blaggy beds with Halgites and other corals. The Halgites beds may not exceed ten feet. When the bottom of this zone is a bed [illegible] mycra (see samples.) Bastard li. (m.fuel) 12' Rossandville li. 100' Has Lepidula, Modistpois and scattered mycra. Mausen's quarry 1/2 m. E of [illegible] [illegible] quarry. Fossils not as abundant as in the [illegible] quarry section. Drill 5' Flaggy thin bedded limestone 10' Shmattborn li 12 Bluish shale 5' has R. lamellon Halgites li. 20 Shmattborn at top with Halgites

at about the center and below Grenard limestone 12 It has an abundance of Mariconnus stems, some plates (? cystids), Clad/jorua, Faroides and Alcestiles. Bastard li 20. Brasandrius li. (L. alta.) 120 Note: In the drift of the old tunnel below the Bruce Bros quarries in a fine lime shale I found together Eatonis peculians and Pentamerus selectus typical form. These certainly are from the Stormville shale and so to show that the Pentamerus of some little distance in the shale, and are not restricted to the Stormville conglomerate and limestones. I had the keeper of the Saloon at Loranca take me to Stromsburg. Packed the box after supper and arrived there by express train tomorrow. Looked carefully today for T. sosa- cantus but saw no trace of them, although L. alta occurs just above the Stormville limestone and below the Stormville conglomerate. The entire evidence of the upper

"part of the Limestone limestone = Clark Mills beds unquestionably To Silurian aspect. On the other hand there appears little no break between the Limestone ls and the Stormville shale and yet the two faunas are wholly different. some condition affected the life of this uppermost Silurian sea wiping out as a rule the limestone and fauna and beginning a new cycle with chert and shaly Cherts with chert with a fauna a migrant since it is not a development out of the Siluria one. May 31- 1901 Friday Delinopore Junction 5 m. below Cumbury. Left Stormsburg at 8.44 and arrived at the Junction at 10.10. Rallied north 7 miles to show this very complete section regions. Crest of hill Soil 10'

"Bed 1 Christians 'visite 20' At the north end did not see this bed but at the south end a little of it still remains along the rail road. Here seems Lep falcatus in a chert. Bed 2 At the north end this bed is very shrun. Chert in many places, but mainly at the tip. P. falcatus quite common. In th one not far distant. Also saw Cretaspira concern. Bed 3. Mostly shale, dark, with limestone grains bottom and middle have P. falcatus " 4 Fossil. Cretaspira. " 5 or 4 P. falcatus " 6 Tigricearthus a Z. altus. " 7 " 8 " 9 Share fossils from near the tip. " 10 " 11 " 12 Share fossils from here. The shrun chert bed occurs here. Probably in the lower portion. In some place it is abundant. " 13, 14- 20. No diagnostic fossils,

Red 21 I have fossils. “ 22 “ Eurytrem here. This the mark the transition of Candrot, The Orestang cannot be more than 20 foot thick since at the north end of the bed it is broken far from from the Creek, with a foldability to a smaller Marcellus outcrop. at the creek bend. Left Dunbury at 5.20 P.M. and arrived at Harrisburg 6.55. Staying at Hotel Russ. Correlating the Selin Grove section, as published on p.344 Report G & J. I believe the following will prove to be near the truth. Reds 1 Orestang 20 feet or more. “ 2-4 Stormville or New Scotland 125 feet. Dun “ 5-9 Coermans 108 feet. Lit. “ 10-14 Marllus 117 “ “ 15-21 Transition of Boasandville limestone 118 feet.

" 22 Belies the "Upper Salina" or the Rondout. When the fossils are studied it may prove that the line between 4 and 5 and 9 and 10 are not properly drawn. The one remarkable difference between the Pa. and N.Y. Coeymans is that Pectaculites sylacanthus continues to the end while in N.Y. it is restricted to the Marlies, on the end it may be established that most of the Coey- mans is better placed in the Libran. In N.Y certainly the upper 10 to 15 foot cannot be separated from the New Holland, since most of the species are common to both. In the lower Coeymans however the fauna is very dissimilar and may agree in N.Y. to be more Marlies than Coeymans. Certainly the Pectaculites and Mariacrines large clumps in Pa. occur in the Marlies as limited above.

Saturday June 1-1901 Harristown, Pa. Roped out here to see the limestones along the Susquehanna from Bridgport south. Just a little beyond the Bridge- port bridge is a thick series of dark much crumpled shales. Looked for fossils but saw none. A little farther in the new road cut and then along the railroad to Daltonpore is a series of heavy bedded limestones dipping from 30 to 35 degrees south. These limestones weathered are from buff to white but in fresh outcrop are dark blue to black. In the rail road cut saw most evidences of fossils but could make out nothing of them. I then hunted along the main line south for 1/4 mile when I had the first clear fossils and there are not determinable. They are sections of large scotyfordos. Have one specimen and if but others sketches. Both

of the latter appear to be Raphistoma. Our first impression is that the entire limestone are of Ordovician age but it in a little tongue that for some parts turn up. Some days ago I concluded this series to be like that of Republicville but now it appear to only fit in with Illinois inland sea limestones. Left in Washington on the 5 P.M. train, arriving in Washington at 8.35