Field Notebook: Maryland, Washington, DC, West Virginia. 1908, 1913

Schuchert, Charles

1908

Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History

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paleontology stratigraphy fossils

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88 Pages

1908 1913 Trip wth Banlu, Holtedahl and Bell. Washington, Md. and W. Va.

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M. J. Hubig, 810 W. Fifth St., Cincinnati. Phil Schubert 708 Kells St. Cin. O. A. E. Schubert 3937 Rejart Ave, Howard, O. doc. 107 Charles Schubert Yale University New Haven, Conn. 1912-1913 3252 Apr. 21 - May 4, 1913 Md., W.Va. 3022 Sep. 11, 1908 Md

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April 22 Reception at S. J. M. 9 P. M. " 23 Reception Carnegie H. of Park. 9 P. M. 16th and P. " 24 Annual Dinner.

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3252 April 21 - 1913 New Haven. Left on the 8 A.M. and at 10.10 at New York (P.R.R.) and arriving at Washington at 3.20. Stopping at Raleigh. Had the company of the critical Professor Hastings. April 22 - 24 - 1913 Washington Attending the Annual Meetings of the National Academy. The Semi-Centennial Meetings. This time a rather social affair than a gathering listening to a lethargic man of scientific jokes! Of Yale were elected to the Academy were Professors Pierson, Harrison and Mendel. It was the year of Presidential Election. First a preferential roll was taken and about a dozen names were nominated. Osborne and Cattel had got one vote; a rather sad affair for Osborne. Wilson of New York got 9 while Hale of Baltimore and Halbert were the leaders. Wilson with Drew and so the vote was on the leaders. Select or no Halbert

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"by some votes, The whole affair was said To have been engineered by Cattell against Bolbert on the ground that dark skin men should not dominate the Academy. It is now the greatest mistake the academy has ever made as will be seen later. The vote then was on Vice President and for cause are some given to Antoine Bolbert. He at once withdrew and consent. Then Remsen got in his hat and make a fine speech for Bolbert and he found that he could not withdraw. A speech of or force because it was two votes. Bolbert did not withdraw and he was for cause elected but if anyone supposes that he will do the progressive work of the Academy they do not think Bolbert. If I were in his place I would not even have allowed the Academy to vote me in as Vice President. Day was elected in place of Wayne who wanted to withdraw. Day will make a fine secretary but in fact he will not have the support. Cattell is no long on the Council, a good evidence,

Triassic limestone conglomerates. On Sunday after seeing the Cambrian lime- stones I am now certain that the Triassic conglomerates are derived from those limestones that once extended across the Blue Ridge and Catoctin Mountains. The milky white and banded limestones are still present in great abundance west of Hagerstown. The fact that the Triassic conglomerates contain no chalk is due to the different climate that prevailed in Triassic time when compared with the humid one of today. The former was drier and produced no residual clays. As there are no Cambrian quartzites in the Triassic conglomerates we must then assume that those did not extend across the Blue Ridge or at least not across Catoctin Mts. Fix of my paleogeographic maps accordingly, also those of Triassic time for the wider area of continental deposition.

April 25 - 1913. Washington, Started out with Dr. Barker, Miss Hildebrade and Miss [illegible] to see the Potomac deposits at the head of 16th N.W. At the Geological Garden en- trance we saw the older Pleistocene gravels directly overlying the Potomac beds. These are upon the Piedmont plateau and at a higher level than the Potomac. Then we went down 16th street and looked over from the level Piedmont plain, the cliff to the Coastal plain in the Falls zone. Just as soon as we got a little below the Pied- mont plain the Potomac came in in great force here it was again overlain by the Pleistocene gravels. The Potomac against the Falls zone is distinctly free of local conglomerates and the sands are abundantly cross bedded with the sand against the Falls zone [illegible] Everywhere in the Potomac there is once a ton of hard[illegible] streaks, and in places, these are especially are filled up with small snail shells.

"Section from Blue Ridge to Washington at mile 55 miles. Cambrian quartzite Blue Ridge Catoctin schist Piedmont Plateau 44 miles or B.O. from Rockingam to hard junction. "Granite" Fall Line Bedford Continental Platoum. Crust and Tint, Marine. Redging Catoctin schist and Triassic coal. Red Sandstone and shale, Frederick At Rockingam Junction there is at Camden for an Ox or Oak for the Triassic. if we could not before the latter."

April 26, 1913, Saturday. Washington. Left on B.&O. at 9.10 for Washington Junction to see the Taconic to the east. Just east of the station appears the lower Taconic, the limestone conglomerate. Then a small valley with a fault and then the higher red sandstone and red shale of the Taconic. Farther east appears the Catocotin schist. The same schist makes the Catocotin Out to the east 1/2 mile of the station. Best seen at Tunnel at Point of Rocks. Torn 2 photos of the Taconic. Left Washington Junction at 1.14 for Frederick Junction. Train late, left at 1.55, got to junction at 2.20. On the way in to Frederick saw considerable of the Chambersburg limestone (400 feet thick) and lower Hartington (400 ft). All is much squeezed or that considerable ochreosity is developed. Saw no reorg. migolite foids but Barber says he has gotten a small Boctricen (1 1/2 mile long, but otherwise like Beatrice) and other Black River - Lower Trenton foids of the Atlantic type. This li. is said to be 99% pure li. Then took the trolley across Catocotin Out, and the Blue Ridge to Hagerstown. After getting over only Frederick are one upon the Taconic red sandstone and then the Taconic conglomerate, and finally a long

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distance of Catretin schist. First across the Catretin Mnt. and then the valley beyond. Finally we saw the crest of the Blue Mts. made of Lower Cambria quartz- itc. These ridges are probably 500 feet above Frederick and Hagerstown. The Lower Cambrian is nearly 4000 feet thick.

In these Cambrian limestones there is considerable infrastructural encrinites that are much common in the lower zone of limestone. The pieces are then always less than 3/8 of an inch and of any length of 1, 3 inches though more commonly around 2 inches. These pieces of the low zone limestone are more often directed through or often stand at various angles. Baron calls these 'edge-wise encrinites' but the rule is not to find them standing on an edge. This making is undoubtedly due to wave action in shallower sea, say in depths of more than 100 feet and less than 200 feet.

April 27-1913, Hagerstown, Sunday. Left at 6 A.M. to take the 6:20 train on the Western Maryland for Smithsburg. It was dark and drizzling when we started and began raining at 8 to keep it of all day. Left over. To the east of Smithsburg we saw the crest of the Blue Ant. ork is Keokuk quartzite. The country between Smithsburg and the great Cement Mills at Security for seven miles is occupied by Cambrian deposits, and the other two miles to Hagerstown by the Beekmantown. In all this distance hardly any fossils are taken seen, and we saw none until we got into the Beekman town. (Towtown) The limestones of the Cambrian are usually banded with layers of light blue limestone and thin zones of impure sandy grits. On weathering the limestone melts away while the sandy bands come out as their redish plates that are more or less crystalline in appearance. In certain zones the banded character vanishes, and one then has thick zones of pure limestone or heavy beds. The Beekmantown is not so regularly banded but the zones of pure limestone and those with impurities are irregular though more approaching the modular

Conocoague Gorge Corner Put in the middle of Valley west of Martinsburg Again, waffles. @ North Mt. Hagerstown. Edgewise Congl. forming ridges. Beekmantown marble forming valleys. Beekmantown l.s.=2500' Security Cement Mills Conocoague l.s. 1600' Waynesboro 55.--syncline waynesboro 55. Syncline. 1000' To mstown 15. 1000' Smithsburg. Harper's Shale 1200' Weverton 55. 800' Blue Ridge. Elbrook formation below 3000' fault. fault. Conocoague oolith Cretacius oolith Section on B+O. Blue Ridge to Hagerstown. After Bassler.

character. There is more a kind of very fine inter- forming conglomerate but the pieces are merely loose. M.C. Ozarkian 3000-4000 ft Canadian 2700 ft Cheziapi 1000 ft Mohawkian 2800-3800 ft. Marlinsburg St. 2000-3000, Sandstone - Silm Shager Black & Blue shale = Utica Argill. Sh * 15. = Trenton Cranbrook is 800', Middle clayey & whitish Chinookian, Chalky shale. Marine blue flags & with Middle shale sc. Stono River 1000, Marine due to whitish. Marine blue chert. Marine due to Cong. coal shales white shale: Wacou dove & whitish & Beehundred 1900. 1500' fine's laminated Shale w/ silt & 400 ft Lime & muddy marl @ Stonbridge is 800, 100', Blue & shale of congerous slate - with with interlaced sands Coninners. Crooklegue is 3000-4000, Blue & whit sands Lime Shale - with shales. Lime - In. Silicified farms = Sandstones Black 2000-3000', Braldofp shale's.

W.C. 3000 - 4000' ft. 6,000' ft. Pre Cambrian Ludlow formation 1500' Waverlon SS. Purple SS. 2000+ Hecker's St. 1500+ Antetam SS. { white-SS. 1000'+ Tonalum G. { L. x oliv marble. Red SS. x red Stalk. 1000'+ Alyracorho Ganocheque

character. There is more or less of very fine intra- formational engromente but the pieces are mere loye. All of which goes to indicate that the ores were sediment and the bottom under the influence of wave action. Certain of the Bellmantown limestones develops due to local struts that eventually lead out redish. The deneen limestone often developes septaria dikes yolker white then may be as well an abundance of tension cracks filled with calcite. The thick milky-white to white marble beds of Bellmantown develops a peculiar radiating type of quartz that is mistaken for vein quartz. This B. quartz how- ever is entirely due to weathering and only occurs on the outside of the bed and in the red residual clay.

"In the lower Stone Riven in a fence we saw some dove erland li, with flael chalk that gave me the impression to have been formed thys by generic causes. In some cases the man was an inch to 1/2 inches long by 7/8 to 3/4 inch wide. These smoope pieces looked like emendations formed in the fence directions. Thus [illegible] "other" "one li." "two one li." In other cases, it was the introductory crkl that was charged, in lines up to 4 inches thick. In such are the smaller particles and intervals where replace molecule by molecule with some of the former and largest elongate particles encountered. The latter finally are dissolved out leaving holes in the clay.

Williamport in May- xframe my i n part the smally gc of a dipper snutton, yard from station in Williamsport one sees the Reed. or autumn are thrusting on the farm, Chastinbury, and lace are for the grafted bits of the design. Be then saw much of the Reed man turn with its attraction of thin groves of some more colored lime- stone alternating with irregular groves of crumpled li. the reathier yellow west are pricked into a candy residual Hasty pieces. The intraformational englo, are all manner groves and the pieces are nearly always small. It is these intraformational englements that most often change into chunk with certain of the more gene li. pebbles reached out as tole in the other

Basalt section from Haystown to Williamsport. Socmt April 28-1910 Frany Edon St Williamport Storm Rive Bickmantpr Stone hrgi (Edge-wise) (Hls) Lawn prct inoburg Hall way Shore Ring = Bckmantan Brk mantan ym rivers3 shim lo ch. mn lo Hig on turn cause, in some cases the man was an ind't 1 1/2 rich. by by 70 to 3/6 inch wide. These space pieces looked like ementions found in the former direction. In other cases It was the intramining cyl. that was changed, in place up to 4 inch thick. In such all the smaller particles and interfaces where reflect molecule by molecule with some of the power and layers elaynte particle membranes. The latter finally are dissolved out leaving holes in the clut.

April 28-1913. Monday. Itagastown. At 8.10 A.M. Took the trolley car to Williamsport across on the Potomac. We then went on the Western Maryland along the track to see a log and fire exposure of the Martinsburg. Barber says the Martinsburg is between 2000 and 3000 feet thick. In the lower part it is dark colored and all shale, changing in the upper part to once and once sandy and finally to thin and leavy redded sandstones. The age of the lower part is about Middle Trenton and the higher is in the Eden but one part is in the Mansanutton, Just at the old abandoned Western Maryland R.R. station in Williamsport one sees the Reed-Grantman ore thrusts in the Lower Martinsburg, and here are got the grafted bits of this design. We then saw much of the Reed man toun with its alterations of thin zones of pure dark colored limestone alternating with irregular zones of impure li. that reaches well west and finally into sandy residual flaky pieces. The intraformational engl. are all massive zones and the pieces are nearly always small. It is these intraformational conglomerates that most often change into chalk with certain of the same lime li. pebbles reached out as far in the chalk

The intraformational conglomerates are not common nor although around our camp. They seem in their grous varied thicker than 4 inches and are not persistent laterally more than a few feet, but will reappear again on the same level a short distance. It is the game with the lower limestone, they are lenses of variable length. The inconsistency of the whole matter gives me the impression of water movement over the bottom of the sea, at times there was enough traction developed to break up the thin grous of limestone and other times the charming motion rolled up the layers to a depth of four inches rolling up some of the lime into spherical balls others into elliptic pieces that usually lie horizontal but may stand on end. That these li. have not slipped down the sea slope is certain because the limestones are not generally disturbed. The phenomenon is a constant reoccurrence of the same condition alternating with undisturbed conditions. The intraformational conglomerates are more common in lower Beelmontown - Stonehenge.

"The Stones River has for less than an alternation of lime and impure thin bands and is therefore pure lime li. Here again the infraformational eroyl. are present and for some time changed into chert. These occur at the base of the Stone River. Barber is snapping the Hagerstown folio on the basis of the character of the limestone and the residue of chert. He says he has 35 different Ordovician sheets. Then he also uses the topography and use the character of the farm land including fruit trees. Fossils are too scarce to get. Finally the structure and thickness of beds is taken into account and lastly the fossils. Every now and then we come upon tritudes of Iron Cambrian sandstones when nearest to the Blue Ridge, and of Juniata and Greolia when near North Mountain. These are stream material sometimes near present streams and at other times indicate lost rivers. In another place we saw a little stream divide for spring. These waters abound in Phgea and go to make of small beds sometimes of considerable thickness. At 2.10 P.M. we left on the B. & O. for Harrieton

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From [illegible] we walked to Harper Ferry, a distance less than 3 miles to the park. It gave us a splendid view of the Potomac valley. Left at 9.12 for Martinsburg where we stopped on night.

The Chambushy is hardly as thick as 400 ft, although Barkley gives it as 800 ft and then for his two divisions do not agree with what we saw first are the diagnostic from another 20 ft of the base. Along the B & O, about 1/4 mile east of Maitrushing we saw the contact between the Chambushy and Maitrushing This as described on my former trip, the one of 1907. About 1/4 mile east of the contact there is a slightly outturned anticlinal fold that in of considerable interest. Photographed. The interval line in the schistosity that cuts are the beds alike. the schistosity is not vertical but almost like this ||||| These Cryptogroms may rest on a bed of volute; Then for in close connection with there there are zones of our crudelity and rippling. Sometimes intra pr- matinal conglomerate is piled directly over the Cryptogrom. The orlets are abundant in the Beulman- town and in places their sun cracking.

s t (ita) by sharp. by white 25 far dilular m [illegible] oolite In this cut there are many Cryptogam to be seen and while at first drawn distorted to regard the phenomena as inorganic still finally concluded that Cryptogam must be organic and probably algae. In places the material is not in hemispheric masses but in sheets that are plain or flat or heumidally (= ) (as in drapery stone) ^

Bassini's interpretation of the section from Martinsburg to North Mountain North fault, Marlborough etc. Fault Bedford mountain Grocks- Strabigne Bedford town Stone Creek A outcrop Thick Charlestown These Cryptozoons may rest on a bed of white. Then for in close connection with these there are zones of sun cracking and ripping. Sometimes intra pr-- crational conglomerate is piled directly over the Cryptozoon. The orlits are abundant in the Bedford- town and in places it has sun cracking.

April 29-1913. Tuesday. Martinsburg Started out in the large limestone gorges to the east of town. The contact between the light blue (or rather white) Mass River and the Chambersburg limestone is very sharp. The former is heavy bedded enormously fracturing while the latter is dark blue and nodular. About 25 feet above here is a good zone for Cyclocrinus (globular and pyriform in shape), Streptelasma corniculum, and Echinolampas, Orthonoma and other Montien- lipridae. Also Orthus tricensaria and ? Christiania. Ive called Cryptogron in Balmantown near North Mountain Station. About 3/4 mile east of North Mt. jelly sand (sometimes clay) mud <1-1/2> mud oolite kinds light yellow mud, In this cut there are many Cryptogron to be seen and while at first draws distorted to beyond the phenomena as inorganic still I finally concluded that Cryptogron must be organic and perhaps algae. In places the material is not in hemispheric masses but in sheets that are plain or flat or hemmoroly (=???).

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Near Talfo station we had much evidence of shallow seas, First there was an abundance of sun- cracding; three times one of which had a thickness of about 10 ft. Second the same ripples, Third an abundance in many grms of englimate - intraformetional with the fours sometimes large at a time's edgeing, The layers bedded generally not laminated darker linestimes are made of of orlite and these are often reptile with intraformational englimate pieces of smalle size. Fifth in a few places more to be seen large mud lates in the thicker bedded grms of intraformetional crgl, The laminae are of some dense light blue li, in thin grms, se- furated by yellnish to brownish thinner bands darky and very fine sand. This formation at Talfo is probably lower Stone River and about 100 ftb due exposed is one of the finest evidences for proving the shallow- carliculate that the other in the pondlo. men of these seas, One is surprised to see the shallow water amount of orlite connected with these beds and in rock orlits probably are the intraformetional englimate, Forils once not seen in any of these beds, The lime is mostly precipitated by denity for lactura. Often it is almost pure, and of exceedingly fine grain.

At N. Mt. the Beecraft has a thickness of not less than 32 feet. The fossils are from the middle, Echinocanins more common about 25 feet. At North Mountain, the Oriskany has a thickness nearer 20 feet. It can be more seen on the north side of the R.R. cut. In lago Hocus thinnest and saw a very large Spirifera one of the forms of S. munchionii, regalete and not very timid with broad low rounded plications. The Tuscarora passes at N. Mountain. Probably cut under the Oriskany appear to be shoved up against the Beecraft above. at N. Mountain while at Hedgesville it is not so far and therefore reforms the Tuscarora. All of the Tuscarora may therefore not be exposed.

April 30-1913, Wednesday, North Mountain. Left Martinsburg on the 6:30 A.M. train for North Mountain. Then walked a mile south west to Hedges- ville. Passing over across the strike of the rocks are came upon what one supposed was Upper Martinsburg. This arm should trace Hamilton with fossils almost into the village. Here there is a short road up the hill to cross on the east side, with church and creek bed This road crosses Ordian conglomerate (white sand rock rounded pebbles of to 3/8 inch across). On this rested small white cheek with Beacroff fossils. The section is as found: In the Ordian conglomerate saw no fossils. Seen 8 feet. In the Beacroff Pholidomella assimilis, Spirifera concinna, Leptocelina flabellita (some), Orithostoma, Schuobrotella morlanthanum. The thickness maybe between 30 to 46 feet. The Tuscarora sandstone is a heavy bedded white gravelly quartzite and has some rounded quartz pebbles. It can be separated from the Ordian by its harder charac- ter and then for the Ordian weathers down into a pebble mass. The thickness is not less than 50 feet. A small high church and cemetery is on the road side just where the Tuscarora sandstone crosses the road.

This is not the regulation Coegmans but rather the lower feels and probably in the Keyser above the cystic gome and about the time of D.B.B. Spidula fed, In this point there may be a break between this Coegmans and the Tomlorage.

"At North Mountain the first formation to come on are a series of green shales and some of impure limestone the Oriskany in the later phase of Onondaga. I am not certain of this as Stylophoria occurs here along with an abundance of Ostracods. This lighter colored Onondaga has a thickness of not more than 30 feet. Then follows the Haech Marcelus with large con- cretions that are more lying by far than the shales, and that are horizontally bedded, not in rings as concretions, usually me. Some of these lumps are 4 foot or more long. They are sometimes ground around in the thrusting, though the shales have often thrown more ridges around the ends. On either side the shales are boiled out. Cherry Run, Va. Most of the station The B & O has put in another track and hee therefore line at the stream limits cut down considerable of the old road face or that there is now a far better exposure than, at any previous time. This is near South Cherry, one mile away from the County Before at these one have at least 10 foot exposed of thin bedded knotty limestone that seems to agree with the Tondroyg. But a lot of small Chirostella. Then follows upward a series of evenly bedded dark blue thin bedded limestones with little shale partings. This series is 55 feet thick. The basal foot is crowded with names On the specimens tygonra. The upper 20 feet are decidedly heavier bedded

for N. Mt. to C.R. Distance 5 miles in a straight line. North Mt. Cherry Run Cumberland Partially mine ? 50 Oristang (Homeroad 22') 35 65 atent about 36 New Jefferson 12-45 atvent 55 = Keppin) Creynans 9-13 atvent ? 300 and Lysan 290 atvent ? 300 Lane Mill Creek 1000 Tonrlowa Clinton - Mcgana 834 50 Hodgeville ? 100 Tuscarora 287 85 956 Juniata 530 33.53 ft. 850 fut in 5 miles = 174 fut per mile. N.Mt. to C.R. 3350 . " 71 4 = 47 a " " N.Mt to Cumberland. 2400 " " 55 " = 44 a " " Tuscarora to Cumberland Stopping at the Spangler Hotel, Homeroad, Md.

Lown This lagoon is stratifying Cregmans, 261 shale bypid, palcata, Next higher in the lower, Scotland, 36 ft. thick. It in a series of thin red did sandy limestone derived of the separation when less by shale goes. regulating charts as one sees about Cumberland, & maeriflora is very common on lown 10 ft. It has here a decided tendency to set down into a porous and residual clay sandstone with the fossils as pseudomorphs. Then the Beeragh 65 ft. thick. These are diagnostic deep red beds below for about 16 ft. full of chart. Then a zone of thinner beds separated by shale gives the whole arching much into residual clay and chart, 25 ft. thick. At the top are other beds like these below about 20 ft. thick. Towards the top the lds has considerable some quartz pebble. The Duffer Christany is at the slope down to the stream- Thickness not determinable here. It is a sandy dense thin bedded light blue limestone. At least 10 ft. can be seen. The detailed contact with the Beeragh we did not made out to see if it is diogen prone. The top of the Duffer Christany may be seen at the water reservoir on the hill above the railway. It is thick bedded hard grey arenaceous limestone with many fossils. Dav R. vroids, I. arenosus, I. arretius, L. latellite, Meta. Kasina physidata, and many others. The thickness may be between 20 and 50 ft. At the top is quartz pebble conglomerate.

Farther over these red beds have cortical fillings instead of calcareous concretions. The cortical cemented beds are of ferric material and look more like cements than the limy concretions of New York, in the proximity of anticlinal and synclinal arches these beds are exceedingly crushed. Some of the harder long beds are curiously contorted way. Take a picture of one of these contorted beds. The upper harder hardened layer is folded while the softer beds below has been thrown into the hollows for the contractions. As a rule the lower soft bed flows into the cavity but in some cases are heaved. When the picture was taken the beds were much crushed.

May 1 - 1913 Thursday, Hancock. Started out to walk from Hancock to Tonoloway along the Western Maryland R.R. Checked my baggage to Cumberland. In the first cut east of Round Top, we see an arch in the red lalins. The sandy dark red beds are full of long concre- tions and those are arranged vertically. They are still places of definition but concretions of lime gathered by a rising and sinking water with the dryness and petrety of the zone, tells that they are opposed to the weathering, percolating water flows along these vertical grooves and changes the ferric iron to the green ferrous form. About 50 feet we exposed in the center of the arch one which are about 70 feet of this kind with similar modular groups. held red rocks. The grey beds here are all seen cracked and splitting the dramatic character can be seen sag through a bed just thick, The sun cracked zone is any-thin at least 50 feet. Leperditia are common here in the sun cracked beds. The cement has followed over above the base of the red beds. Opposite Lee Johns Run or at level 103 there is fine exposure of Clinton shales with the regulation fossils. Here are my large Beysichia, have taken a piece of the Pennsylvanian limestone.

Beersoft should be here because of the considerable thickens at Cherry Run.

Tonloney section, May 1-19/13, Mayland. The Oridang is given as [illegible] feet thick with no mention of the Beerift. As a good long area is found between the Oridang in place and the New Zealand chert it is impossible to give the exact thickness of the latter. Then too to say that no Beerift here cannot be said from the railway cut, but if he has seen contact on the hill side all may be correct. The New Zealand is given as 12 feet thick The Cregmans as 8 feet thick The Begean as 272 feet. Looking across from Burt Cacapon station one sees a major road on the hill side cutting the beds more clearly than below on the railway. Here it appears [illegible] as if the Oridang lies adjacent to the Beerift. But doubt about this contact and the greater thickness of the Oridang (the Lower Oridang is no longer apparently.

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May 2-1913, Cumberland. Started into see Drills Creek section in the Juniata, Many of the red sandstones again have vertical tubes as we saw gesterday in the Dolina, here too some have vertical lining calicles concretions but they are rare. The vertical tubes are common however. The Anthrophychus larlani come in in Drills Creek (at time trip of the) at 30-feet beneath the shaly Tuscarora. The introduction of Clinton time was for then are no Clinton fossils. These Anthrophychus occur as usual on the under surface of the sandstone just above a shale bed from nothing to 4 inches thick. The Clinton fossils appear above the red dolomitized Tuscarora about 15 feet or so. See my former notes. The bend between the pink Juniata sandstones and above the white Tuscarora can be determined at the Rock where the spring comes out and where trump sleeps. This contact may be de- termined further towards Cumberland along the B & O track at land and return the end of the Brevoos residence stone wall. It is here over red white the Juniata and Tuscarora are always separated on the evidence of the petrographic color. This time break must occur here in spite of the similar decided petrographic character because the Tuscarora is typical of Medina and the Juniata cannot be other than the Ohio Richmondian. Elevation before yes even to transmutations earlier Richmondian and continued well into Lillieic time.

I can see no evidence [for] calling those [purposes], li. all of the Creysmans' Why it should be broken from the Ryan is one of Ricks imagination. When I saw with him he saw some residual clay between the upper most Reagan and this or called Creysmans and thus he interpreted as an old re- sidual (Rurmic) clay. This residual is today. a muddy limestone The top of the Reagan is here again, well sun cracked, The Creysman is hard blue limestone in head beds. if any In this first cut the New England shows little effect but a receptive panel left blue limestone that during weathering goes on into slat. This shale has no living hard beds. [DBB = Devil's Backbone - ridge on W side of Wills Mt4 + E of Wills Creek] C. Nace ..5 km NE of Kreigbaum

The bottom surface of the Coggman at the D. B. B. doc 107 MARYLAND GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. VOLUME I, PLATE XII. W E VIEW OF "DEVIL'S BACKBONE" IN LEWISTOWN FORMATION, NORTH OF CUMBERLAND, ON THE BALTIMORE & OHIO R. R.

I can see no evidence in calling these farfals li. ridge on W side of Wills Mtty + E of Wills Creek [ ] C. Nace ..5 km NE of Kreigbaum

"The bottom surface of the Coegmans at the D.B.B. section is decidedly submerged. Also of the immediately adjacent lot of the Leguan. But some very large Leferditia in the thin redder Leguan near the base of the D.B.B. section, at about the Cancellinomas bed, The Oriskany down to the Hockel shist lower Oriskany is again being quarried for road metal. Hence could see buffalo fossils today. Orryganville, Md. In the Pittsburg head of the Western Maryland in a fine cut of the deltutopians. It begins in the Leguan and shows one-half of it. Then the Coegmans of about 8 feet. Followed by the New Portland limestone and shale clear with a thickness of 37 feet. S. macerflorum goes up to the shale zone. The New Scotland shale zone begins here with hard Huell or nodules as at 2105 Bridge. There is no transition of its young hard but is distinct a shale. The thickness in between 33 and 35 feet. Or its unmeasured forms. Then the Hockel shist of the Lower Oriskany shist at once at the base and northern flakible in a 2 nod band followed by some shale little thicklets for one foot more, and then the regular Hockel shist continues upward.

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From Conejansville walked over to Car rally. The supreme is as always and is getting gorner in front. Then took the first bus cars into Cumberland,

The conditions here are exactly those seen in the Western Maryland cat at Coriganville.

May 3-1913 Cumbaland. Left on the 7 a.m. for 21st Bridge to walk from there to Regan. Here is an irregularity of deposition in the New Zealand shale at 21st Bridge. New Zealand shale with a terling of the line Shinn Haecr chat, New Zealand shale 3 feet [illegible] coal measure New Zealand li. To the outcrops? Drost of my New Zealands finds came from the lower foot. The Cumbria an Dal, planco mureza came from above the overlap portion Look up a former notes. Then for these upper shales merge with a shot Transition into the Shinnr chart. The lower shale rest sharply in the great Regan quarries there is now no residued clay between the Regan and Cregman (now on 6 foot thick), and there none between the latter and the New Zealand. There is an irregular residual clay layer in the center of the Cregman. It has nothing to do with known at Regan. There is not developed a large new quarry in the Fordway. The older one in the Regan end upward horizon is larger and deeper than ever, Left Regan at 11.35 for Potmne.

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Ind., Va. Potomac - Point of Lectum. In the hills Creek Cement this same crookling occurs the middle once or less throughout 350 foot of beds. Then there are occasional gaps throughout the rest of the hills Creek but the tendency in these thin beds is to be more and more than horizontal. The Tondroy - Keuper contact is as sharp as can be. On one side are the overlying laminated beds almost without joints, and on the other thinly bedded slate with joints. This difference however need not be explained as due to a new sea invasion over the Tondroy land but maybe due to a deeping of the sea 25 to originally about 100 feet deeper in Keuper time. Hardly seems probable that the All of the higher Keuper and the rest of the lower Devonian is cut out by a steep contorted fold. Tondroy | hills Creek. Keuper Clinton Bedding Left Potomac for Cumberland at 6:20 P.M. Looking at the Allegheny Front from Potomac one sees the three marked Folley's river levels, or terraces. Top of Allegheny Plaiton Potomac river level

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May 4-1913 Sunday. Home to New Haven. Left Cumberland on the P.R.R. for Altona on the 7:30 A.M. Train, will get to New York at 8.05 P.M. What is the eye of the red shales and constones interbedded east of Harrington, Are they Dacstros? Try? Try on a ride or. How far east of Lancaster does the Cambrian extend, There is an angular contact between two lines stone at about 40 miles west of Philadelphia. What does this mean? At bed are seen the equidier of South Mountain in the Blue Ridge. At mt 46 miles east of Pockla, East of the Gap occur quartzites, Then ochists that maybe Cataochin.

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Film I 1 April 2 Columbia Park (Pleistrome) on Archeon Apriels Washington. Ent to Art. Inst. Park. 3 Head of 16th St. along Columbia stgy n distance with angl. staying below into White sandton. Spoiled. 4 Anacostia (Long Md Rd) near District Line thry. First of Dist. w/can Amercen line only order by our lower a group Lafayette(7-12) and the Lafayette parks. 5. Red Triassic Sandstone (Aprl 26) near Washington Junction. Above engl. 8-25. 6-7 April 8 Titanic li. Engl. 33 feet. 32 guntht. Dances left 9 Smack Appalachian fold - Tomotown (L.Cambr.) nearby Carleton about one mile. April 27-1913 10 Hermitage M. just east of Harpers Ferry. April 28-1913 I. 11 " " same with one time. To show folding S < to work. 12 Schistose and anticline in Martinsburg just east of Mt. April 29. A fine illustration of schist outcrid near.

Losses due to underexposure. Film II, Laminated Strom Rings at Taltos. In center split and interferential instruments. 32 Htz. T. 11/6/54. Both are practically spoiled. 2 Rim cracks near Taltos, 3-4 Ripples over Taltos. 3 spoiled. 4 fine 5 Cryptogm 400 ft above Base of Bellmontmo. 2 miles north Taltos. 5 and 6 spoiled. 7 Cryptogm drawn, April 29-1913. 8 feet. Spoiled. 8 Area 1. Near Round Top. Caliche lime concretions in red dolina 10 ft Bult 32 8 spoiled. 9 May 1 Fold in Dolina at Round Tp. 75/ft 32 Arch. Note the crushed beds to apex of fold arch. Lost of red beds in crushed arch. To left come in the remnant bed. 10 Arch in Cementless, Round Top. Hang hill inside of arch crushed. Note outcropping of green bed around arch. 11 Dolina seen cracks. Berry Rock 53. Rock surface 11/6/54 1/2 second. 12 Near Tolommy. Picture of first Cactus city, Entrance all around Film III 1 May 1 Concretions and dille structure in Dolina one mile east of Tomloway. Look like Stromatoloma beds, but the bedding can be followed throughout over the hills. Picture on card. 2 Thin bedded hard dolina along ridge. Near Tomloway.

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(4) feet Beach Dr. 7 2/6 (25" " ? " 30 " New Scotland 20 " Gregmans 33 " L. " 10 " knitty legan sew. 16 5/32 13 3 5 | 34 50 22 0 28 0 5 | 3 17 0 7 1 | 330 0 / V.4 28 4 10 √397 230 1/2

{Pomney = Hamilton doc.107 Onondaga Ridley Shiver = Wm Christian 258 fat. = Zorn Christian 90 fat. Beersht 85-125 fat. An Scotland 12-45 fat. Coegmans 9-13 fat. Kezer 270-290 fat. {Tondorras = highest Delina Hills Creek = Salina } 1000 fat. Clinton, Thickron 564 fat.} 834 fat. Tuscana = Medina Thickron 287 fat. Juniata = Richmondian Thickron 530 fat 370 een - Hills Creek.

Permian - Permie 1890 Dunkard 400 fat. = Permian. Munfatsela 238 fat. Cone make 630 fat. Allegheny 325 fat. Pottsville 296 fat. Z. Cant. 1285 Branch Chundt = Higher Tennessee 800 fat. Dearbin = Chester 227 fat. Pocono 258 fat. Permian 5570 Hampshire = Catskill 1900 fat. Jinnajo = Portage - Chawny. 3000 fat. thick.

400 Perm. 1489 Plnn. 3,174 1285 Min. 7050 U. Q. .90-2660-2050-2300 1650 M. Cus 100-500-1000 9,521 821 Low Dr. 2,121 Liluria 2,651 530 Juniata 2500 George Martiny 1300 Mid. Ord. 2000 Low u 7900 1600. 4000 Garstine 8300 4300 Lps. Cant. 31,546 Low Cant. 31,546 July Palegress.

Friday Sep. 11-1908 Left Cumberland Ind at 8.24 A.M. Arrived at Washington Junction at 11.27. Going east from the station, Within 100 yards of the Washington Junction station one begins to see the Triassic limestone and marbles. This made up a considerable variety of limestone from highly crystalline to amonaces but once often of magnesian light colored crystals. The dark blue limestone are rare and the thing banded or ribbon yellowish type is more common. On some could see very- ophite foids but occasionally traces of opic forms. All of the pieces are but slightly corr practically are subangular usually in quadrangular fashion but in certain beds the flatter pieces are also found. All of these varieties of limestone can be duplicated in the Cheandot valley between Maitmshby and North Montana. On size they vary from fine calcareous sand to pieces up to 2 feet long. All are firmly cemented in a fine brick red col. carom mud.

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"On large fresh outcrops one sometimes in (2) creatures places one sees distinct bedding. The dip is about 30 to the south. This attaint emphases greatly. In certain of the beds the pieces are small in other large, others the pieces are flat, and finally some become much more red cementing material. The latter gel layers bring out clearly the distinct bedding with the dip to the west. On the fresher outcrops the red kindly cements is the first type or that the exposures are very rough. The limestone pieces then outcrop only all fracturing goes making the surface still more rough. The dip is changing to about 20 degrees These conglomerate beds continue for about one course the brigade to the east probably by Belfour's mile east of Washington Junction using a Holladay family and one comes at once upon a coarse quartzitic reconstrued sandstone with pebbles of quartz up to one inch and limestone boulder up to 3-4 inches. These slightly red dirt sandstones are interbedded with light red sandy shales. The dip of these sandstones is about 20 degrees. There are occasional brick sized shale gems and small and more rounded pebbles (=? centimeter) up, small and more rounded pebbles there being up to 1/2 inch in diameter. This layer has the appearance of circular sliding a heavy sand with pebbles.

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The gneisses and mylonite streaks in one direction of a white slate, along the grain of planar movements. The two then are planes hiding life. Between the brick red sandy (shale) goes there is a thick deep hidden coarse sandstone that has been operated [illegible] as a guide. It places the material shown decides cross bedding. [Crossed out: of the dense type]. There are probably more such sandstones gone. As I go along it is seen that there are not clunes but irregular channel deposits. Thus, [Diagram] coarse sandstone brick red shales and some li. faults cross bedding shale Farther east than in an alternation of sandstone over the brick red shales. At the junction of the shale with the sandstone may be seen small sin cracings of the coarse type but in the cracks there is no sand worked in. The limestone path is now nearly all gone. Only coarse grit and sandstone at the brick red shale.

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At another place this sandstone shale gone sandstone shale shale rock .. .. .. calcareous concretions. The irregular differences The small calcareous globules are pretty all limestone conglomerate but calcareous concre- tions = sinter. In places there's an made of j rounder branching clay stems lying horizontally, like Bu- thotophis. At the deeper horizon seen the Jurassic limestone and sinter kernels marred over a mudstone. Sand- stone are all of rare colors therein and uniform, mixed well mixed. There is also here considerable slickensiding in vertical faces up to 4 feet high. Returning the structure may be interpreted in two ways. (1) One series of outcrops lies ana

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(2) Two series [illegible] separately by a fault. [illegible] Junction Limestone Congl. Fault Hollows / prongle sandstone and shale Mt Range To Washington. conglomerate Hollows Lime / hills sandstones and shales. Fault. To Balfour mine. dip dip [illegible] Junction Mt Range Left [illegible] Junction at 4.47 Arrived [illegible] Washington 6.30 stopping at Metropolitan.

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2 The general structure is like this: Cretatin Permian and Trias. Dickerson Barnesville Heart hill ?quartoite. Buck Lodge Shales, etc. Mica schist German- town. Conformable. Sandstone and Shale. meta? Tuscarron in any km than 5 mls.

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