Diary, 1900, of trip with his brother, Alfred Emerson Preble, to Hudson Bay region

Hudson Bay

Edu. A Oseble 1900 June 14 Winnipeg to West Selkirk- Having completed our outfit and made all necessary arrangements with the Hudson Bay Co. we left Winnipeg about 4 P over our outfit in our canoe in order to take the W.W. 200 les Steamers scheduled to leave West Selkirk in the morning of June 15. We were delayed somewhat by shoal places at several places at the so-called "Rapids" and by being unable to sail but little for lack of wind, and so did not arrive at Selkirk until nearly 12 at night when we tied up near the steamer in which we were to embark. The course of the Red River between Winnipeg & St. Selkirk is very winding making the distance by water nearly 30 miles. The banks are mostly of clay rather high and steep, a good deal of limestone occurs particularly along the latter half of the portion traversed. The banks

Best Sellkrk to Lake Humpy are sparsely wooded with Ulmus Aspen, willow etc there being apparently very little timber away from the river. We noted the following birds. Knigford. Buffle head duck, Actitis regalis, Cryp20587; Corvus am, laglais Screerophaga cyanoccephala. Sturnella leapectes Falco Sparorum Prugne rubis Calirica laterns. Zimilodina ludorsonium. Hydornella Sauvarens. Cireo Ludosonius. Zenaidiva macrona Nighthawk. June 15. Best Sellkrk to Lake Minipke The steamer left Best Sellkrk struck 11.30 am and reached the mouth of the river (22 miles) about 1.10 o'clock. The banks gradually become lower and carry less trees until several miles above the mouth there is scarcely any bank to the river but extensive marshes stretch out on either side. On nearing the "Narrows" about 9 o'clock we approached near enough to the water shore to see that it was rather Lake Minipkee -Forested with Birch and Corygus which I was told composed Fair Spruce & Tamarak. The same forest is said to extend southwards very nearly To the mouth of the Red River but at the time I entering the lake we were too far from the shore proper to distinguish its character. Great numbers of Black Terns inhabit the marshes at the mouth of the Red R. and we also noted a few of the following species Corvus americanus, Loxas Franklini. Tachyrrhena brevior, Large Gull-brought Araea herardica, Botanous hentigainius. Julica americana. June 16. Lake Minipkee Bull Head near to outlet of Lake We stopped at Bull Head very early in the morning to take in wood and left about 6 am. Heard Red-eyed Proos and Blackbacked Thrushes. Land moderately high and well wooded with Pine (sp?)

Lake Winnipeg Spruce Tamarack Birch and Poplar the deciduous trees pr- dominating. did not get a chancelix to go ashore so could not iden- tify the species of Pine we. Spruce. about the middle of the day we jumped a sandy point on which were great numbers of Gulls apparently nesting. Streched about 4 o'clock near Georgis Island. in which large numbers of Grosse . eggs and to nest. but as our time of departure was uncertain we were unable to go ashore. Saw a flock of 15 or 20 Pelicans just before evening. June 17. Lake Winnipeg to Norway House. Continued on to new outlet if Lake Rocks and uncertain channel made it necessary for the ship to move slowly and about 1.30 P.M. The ship struck fast on a rock. They were unable to get her off and after some delay the passengers embarked in a small tig for Norway Norway House House. He trip also toured our Canoe and baggage and we arrived at Norway House about 6.30 Located On the way we landed at Taft's Fishing at the outlet of Lake Winnipeg where I caught Two small frogs in the grass. Also stopped a few minutes at Rosaville Museum about two miles from Norway House, and I took some snap shots. In one kindly occurred by B.J.K. McDonald in charge of Norway House and furnished accomodations. We will have to wait until the goods are landed for the steamer before outfitting for the interior, or will just in the for collecting. June 18. Put out a lot of Traps and shot a few birds including two male Sharp-tail Grouse. There were three, evidently all males. Troke 2 Meadow Rues and a spix (richardsoni?) in our Traps, also shot a red agunel. Butts seen rather scarce.

Norway House June 19 Made a fairly good catch of Eared Microtus and Peromyscus and Eortomyps in war traps and set snare. Shot two Pribilis arctonei in a large tract of burnt forest east of the Post. Heard a state driver in a march near the Post. June 20. A good catch of Eortomyps Sorex, Microtus and Peromyscus Shot Didelthons stillans in muskr back of Post. Examined the fero in storeroom of M.B.Les. They included Ursus, Lynx Nipphilis, Dutrosia, Mustela jenniati, Mustela americanana, Tiber, Patorino richardsoni, Vulpes fulvus, leonis. (Gooney) Vulpes lagopus - Custer Futura. All are said to be from the vicinity of the fort with the exception of the Vulpes lagopus which is known to have come from (Deer Lake) 50 miles north of Oxford Home. They are said to be found in the coast or country south at least to York Factory but to be in faintly one inland as far south as the locality from which these come Norway House June 21 Made fair catch of Mammals including Zapus and Microtomy, very few birds seen June 22. Spent a good part of the day making preparations for our anticipated departureragments tomorrow for York Factory via Oxford House. Took some photos in the afternoon of James Bunkers June 23. Took up all our traps and made up our specimens. A small Dove picked up in the gutter at the post. Finely got away which 3. P.M. Passed through several small expansions of the river (or lake) and one of which a loon (Gavia) was seen. A few gulls and terns and several ducks (Mergansers) were also seen. While passing through one of the lakes, about 1/2 mid in mth. a sharp tail prance crossed it from shore to shore just behind us. Shores rather low and rather heavily wooded with Conifers (spruce for inspire) and Populus Tremuloides found

evening made a portage by avoid the Sea R. Falls and made camp about 1/2 mile below. At camp pass Spanners Neck, King Fisher, Olive bucket Thrush etc. Put out a few traps. Heard cormo calling at nightfall June 24 Took up our traps.erot only 1 Peromyscus & 1 Territory Left camp at 6 o'clock and paddled through a lake about two miles long with rather high shores, clothed mainly with Poplar (trimuloides) and Birch. Then through a chaw wel past a high Rocky ridge (to the left) and into Hurray Lake, a broad shallor lake grown up nearly covered (thinly) by scScsc (Scorpions) bordured by grassy meadows and inhabited by many Black Teres Common Terns and gilles. Shinerato. Hurray Lake, broad & shallow and grown up with reidges (Scipus) This lake was rather rough. tater and we had to content with a strong head wind. But. We crossed it safely and entered the Eshamashish, a winding sluggish stream with low banks clothed with willows and alders. Occasional dockey emmunces occur and patches of spruce woods. After travelling for several miles through this, we came at the first dam, made for the purpose of holding back a sufficient depth of water edi to enable boats to pass through. We slid our canoe over param with out unloading and stopped for lunch. While the men were preparing this, I took 3 pickerel & about 2 lbs each from the pool below the dam, with a spoon hook. Near here we shot 3 muskrats with the pistol - at short distance. above we passed the second erg dam, in the same manner and camped a short dis

tance above it. Picked up the Cranium of a moose at the second Dam, where I also shot a spotted Sandpiper scar Parus hudsonicus at.oats and many Perisomus during the day. All along the Echanamish we saw signs of Moose and at ouraction their Tracks are plentiful. Set Troops here. June 25. Remained at our camp at Maple Dam until Noon to get specimens and catch up with our skimming Got a few birds, and left went out to The Painted Stone Portage at head of Echanamish Then the river comes to an abrupt end and at a rock 28 yds wide set the other end of which dividing it from a lake. There must be an underground outlet from this er into the Echanamish. We camped here and set out a lot of troops Shot a Cercopisphages on the way The yellow pond lily (Nuphar) common all along the Echanamish. June 26. Painted Stone Portage Took about 35 men—[illegible] and Fargo including, Scott, Dwerts, Perryman [illegible] Zapio and Fisher. Left camp pretty early and after passing through the lake below the Painted Stone we passed through a succession of small deep channels with high rocky banks. Then through two good sight lakes, the eastern shores rather muddy and the western (in general) rocky. A short distance below the outlet of the second we came to the Robinson Portage made to avoid the Robinson Rapids. This portage is 3½ mile long and extends over a nearly level ground in a nearly straight line. A Boat beaten road 12 to 15 feet make the rough of long continued use in passing with York Boats extended all the way. After climbing a gentle slope it descends gradually for a little over half this distance then crosses

a little valley the outskirts turns very slightly to the right and upscorver a nearly level stretch nearly to its end. when it passes down a rather steep declivity, to the water. Concluded to remain here 1 day. Set out a lot of traps. June 27. Lone End Robinson Portage Cought about 25 mammals. Sorry Resoont. Rhodotus brettenyos. Tbat a couple of black lems in the marsh bordering lake below the Portage water thundes. Olri back. Jumps. Gell Odely Kilm maker White that spanon kung trobin, Rute cros Kunjet Redeyed Vino. Right Bault. The Indrians went hunting in the afternoon and shot a yellowslegsh (T.flaripes). June 28. Took up our traps. Got Zupes & Sorys richardsoni in addition essing other species taken the previous day. Left camp and passed through a succession of channels and on said later mostly with marshy shores. Saw ducks (cap?) and Taman flaripes which sit on a small dead tree. Macker fine in morning busts soon changed to cold Velvety Surr a family if parsons and shot a Pilsoms turn a few miles below Camp. After passing through several lakes with Marshy shores, we passed through a succession of rocky gorges. and were obliged to make two Portages. The second imt was run with the canoe without the baggage but the second called Hello Gate Rapids we also carried the canoe around. On the face of the cliffs on the north bank of the river before reaching Hello Gate I saw two nests, Breammaby of the Golden Eagle so I saw one flying about near one of the nests. I climbed to one but it was empty. He also saw aerial nests of the Phoebe below the rapids. one containing

young nearly ready to fly. A few miles below we came to Pine Lake, and found it very rough, but crossed it and Camped near its outlet just as a storm burst upon us. Put out a few traps. June 29. Saw only 1 Dory and some Peromypaeus. After leaving Pine Lake we passed for several miles through a succession of small overflows and channels mostly with marshy shores to Nemy Lake which was very rough, with a head wind. By paddling from point to point we passed through it, and continued on to Oxford Lake. Passing 4 rapids, at two of which we were obliged to make portages. We next passed into a long narrow lake which proved to be an arm of Oxford Lake and soon after entered the main part of the Lake and continued for several miles from Point to point and finally Crossed it and encamped on its southern shore. On the shores of Nemy Lake we passed close to an Osprey's nest in a dead spruce or fir. It evidently contained small young. Saw several Scoters and a few mallards, one with a brood of young which took to the woods on our approach. Found a nest of the Least Flapette at our camp on Oxford Lake and set out a few traps. June 30. Left camp early and paddled against a head wind until about 4 in the afternoon when we arrived at Oxford House. It is situated on a grassy knoll, the highest ground in the vicinity. Mr William Campbell, the officer in charge, met us at the Landing and gave us the Freedom of the Post. We put up our tent in the enclosure and put out some traps on the fields and woods back of this Post and in this garden where the signs of mice were plentiful. An Indian boy brought me a Zapus

Oxford Blanes which he had killed in the grass also a yellow warbler skinned and stuffed The country all about is densely wooded with the exception of the cleared space around the Post and the marshes at the outlet of the Lake. Pabbr Lamps Abies and the two species of Populus mainly compose the forest with Alder and willow on the lower portions of the ground. July 1. Took about 20 mammals in our traps including Zapus, Lynx microrhyncus & Peromyscus. July 2 Mr Campbell tells me that he cought an arctie fox Vulpes lagopus some years ago within 1/2 mile of the place (Oxford Name) Made a large catch of mammals in our traps and put in most of the ok day making them up. July 3. Got a good catch of small mammals and a mink. Got some skulls from an Indian. They had been were taken some years ago near the place and comprised Gulz, Mustilacom Lutrovia Pervirina Lessor Vrou July 4. Left Oxford House shortly after noon and after passing through Back Lake we entered the Fortuit River and after passing through several rapids at wheel we made partial portage. We arrived at the Fortuit Fall said to be 9 miles from Oxford We for camped here and while the men were getting supper we skinned some rabbits and squirrels and a mink. We also set out a few traps. The Fortuit River makes a jump I came 12 or 15 feet. Down which we made a portage of about 30 yards embarking just below the falls. July 5. Left camp before 7 o'clock and soon entered Knee Lake. Continued along from point to point until about noon when we entered the narrow portion connecting the eedle main parts of the Lake Here we had a favorable wind

and sailed several miles but som after reaching the eastern part of the Lake we were obliged to take down our sail and paddle against a head wind & camped on an Island about halfway through this portion of the Lake. The shores of the first part of the Lake are rather high and rocky and several elevations of from 50 to 100 feet, unusual in the region were noticed. At the narrows the shores are very low and after passing into the eastern portion of the Lake they are also rather low. About midway of the Lake we saw a poplar which had been cut deown and partially cut up by Bearers. It was about 5 inches in diameter. July 6. Left our camp about 7 o'clock and about 10 reached the Jack River, the outlet of the Lake. In the 10 miles of this river we passed 4 rapids at all of which we made portages Yellowwood If our baggage hit the Indians [illegible] cause through all but One Bath Poplars I'm [illegible] Barkain's Pine and Birch occur all along. We reached Strumpy Lake about 4 o'clock and assumed encountered a strong head wind. This Lake is shallow and many water plants occurs. I passed nearly through the Lake and camped just before sunset on a rocky point in the western shore July 7. Left our camping place early and passed through the rem- ainder of the Lake against a very strong head wind. Here the shores of this Lake are higher than usual and several quite high heavily wooded ridges are in sight to the eastward. I shortly entered Hell river and paddled down it all day making 8 portages besides several game, lightening the cause by portage

nig & part of this baggage About the middling the afternoon, I came within sight of Brany Well by far the highest land in the region and shortly after the banks of the river became high and steep being composed of Clay. This continued for some distance. We camped a short distance below the Well on the next bank of the river. At this point the banks are low and in some places swampy. The Forest passed through today is composed of the same trees as all along heretofore. He saw many Goldeneyed ducks, a ferd [illegible] Merganser and a mallard with young, Many large gulls and a few small black headed Galls. a few Sopreys. Breezed Gackes and many water brushes, a pair of the latter were feeding young just from the nest. Killed a pigeon Hawk while crossing one of the portages. It undoubtedly from its actions had a nest in the vicinity but a careful search failed to locate it. The other bird was seen with food in its ten from which I inferred that they had young July 5. Got started from camp rather late and within a few miles passed two portages and about 11.30 arrived at the Rock Portage the last on the route. Here the river is divided by a large ledge into two main channels, the one on the left being divided again. The river here falls 5 or 6 feet within a few yards. We had for dinner here, a jacks itch 33 miles long which we caught below the rocks. Collected a few plants and took some snapshots the high clay banks, characteristic of this part of the river beginning earnest a few miles above the Rock Portage. They are clothed except where landslides have occurred with a good growth

A [illegible] Spruce Fanerack and Two species of Poplarh with a fringe of Willows Aldus or tern Grass at the Wateredge. Passed through nearly 30 miles of River bordered almost continuously by these high clay banks sometimes 150 or 200 feet in height. Numerous small streams here cut their way down to the river forming side canons. July 9. Left our camp quite early and soon passed the mouth of the Fox River a large stream uniting with the Steel River the combined streams being called the Steel R. Just below this point we killed 3 half grown geese which were swimming down stream having probably come down the Fox R. from the interior. About 4 P.M. we reached the Junction of the Steel with the Shammalatawa a still larger stream joining it on the left side and forming to Hayes Proceeded down this River until about 6 o'clock when we camped among some willows on the left bank having come about 50 miles. July 10. Proceeded down the Hayes River to York Factory. Passed the mouth of the Pennyputaway River on our left. High Clay Banks on both sides and timber rather thin and stunted. Stopped for lunch at the foot of a high clay bank where many shells were washed down. Picked up some from a point nearly 100 feet above level of the water. At this place about 25 miles from York Saw. Battle Thrushes & Blackpole Wadblows. Near here we stopped at an Island where Demipalated Plowes and Common Hare were breeding. Young of the Plowers were running about on the beach. At a point about 10 or 15 miles above York Factory where we stopped for dinner we caught a few small fish in a little stream flowing

York Factory from an old Beann Pond. Reached York Factory about 7 o'clock. Made partial arrangements to get to Churchill after spend- ng a few days here. Dr. Milne thinks can send us and that we will have no trouble about getting back when we want to July 11. Looked over the skins at the storhouse. They included Lutra from vicinity of the Post. Lutris Putorius leactor. Delpes, red & cross Delpes lagopus many of which are aken in the vicinity one Delpes lagopus in the blue phase which is very rare about here. Thalarctos which we often seen in the vicinity and sometimes as far ipe as the Tureen. Mustela am from vicinity. A few muskrats (Fiber) are taken, which how suddenly come down the river last which do not thrive well and seldom survive the winter even if not trapped. A moose skin which came from God's River was also there. York Factory Dr. Milne tells me that moose are gradually working nearer do the coast. Many skins of Arctomys from Trout Lake are there and I obtained 4 and and the skin of an arctic hare which was taken in the vicinity Also obtained from Dr. Milne a skeleton of a beaver taken near the Post and the skull of a ? Thalarctos. He tells me that only very occasionally a seal is killed in the vicinity usually, he thinks the common Harbor seal (Phoca) July 12 Got a fair catch in our Tongs. Peromypus. Mueretus & Eratomy. Dr. Milne presented me with a fine skull of an adult ? Thalarctos killed about 1870 between Here and Churchill. He tells me of the killing of a male muskrat about halfway between here and Churchill in August, 1897. Apart were seen several times during the summer. by Indians and

York Factory The bull finally killed. We tells me that one fisher (Dr. [illegible] [illegible]) has been killed about 50 miles east of here toward Cape [illegible] within 3 or 4 years, and he has seen the tracks of one about 40 miles south of here. July 13. Made a trip to Beacon Point Thhark spending 4 or 5 hours on the point in the marsh but on the beach Saw a mud-rat and signs of other Saw 5 yellow ratis and killed 3. Obtained a mud-rat from Canada. Who killed it at the Point. Saw quite a number of species of birds that were listed. My brother killed a Helminthopula near the Post. [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] [illegible] a few plants in the marsh at the point. As I was returning from the point saw a school of White Perpieces in the river ehalfway to the point. They were going out with the tide and made a great variety of noises. York Factory from a shrill scream, to a horse's snort or grunt, which ag can be heard a long way. Dr. [illegible] tells me that the shrill cries are made by the young ones. July 14. Put in the whole day shrimming specimens mostly birds made a very poor catch of mammals July 15. Took a few specimens in our traps and finished up the birds left over from yesterday only a few. July 16. Only a few specimens in our traps. Packed up some specimens and made preparations to leave orth early in the morning in a large boat belonging to the establishment for Fort Churchill. July 17. Left York Factory about 7.30 with a fair wind and soon reached the mouth of the river where we were moored until the tide rose a little to get over a bar. after about an hour's delay we sighted some whales (Crea) and seals.

ng the froshom. About noon the wind nearly dead down. In the afternoon we saw separards of a hundred white whales and 15 or sq seals, and a few large birds like a gull but dark head (Jaeger?) a few terms one of which was shot and the wing & tail scored. Inward evening we ran in stormed shore and anchored, there being indications of a storm and we lay to all night with much wind and rain. July 18. Early in the morning the storm continuing we moved the boat in nearer shore. A couple of Indians inventing in the vicinity came aboard, trading about trait deep. They brought some carbon meat and reported killin' former rail, and saw ford this morning yesterday saw a white bear which seeing them put out to sea again. Remained here all day hooving braked the boat during the after- noon. The weather continuing Cold, windy & rainy we passed an uncomfortable day. July 19. In account of head. wards we remained all day in the same place. In the morn- ing when the tide was out killed a turn and some red- backed Sanopspire, and the Indians a third. Godwit, Duck, curlew, Jaeger, Duck, etc. e. Struck 6. verrek 2.5m. as the tide left again I went ashore about 3 miles distant accompanied by one of the Indians. Remained until dark killing several band- piping a Godwit, a pair of Lagopus lagopus & a young fox. Tracks of Caribou were numerous but we saw none of its animals. This place where we went ashore was one of it so called

Prairies or Barrene which extend from a short distance N. of York & northward. They are separated in a few places by intervals of wooded country on the banks of the rivers which here enter this Bay. Between three rivers — minute the roads the roads the borders of the morass presents thethetit Cimera lands of a rough half circle during the Barrene. Grantly ridges a few hundred yards apart extend through these barrens at least as the point where I landed is a general North and South direction or parallel with the shore line in directly the remains of former shore. Between three gravelly ridges occur marshy places mainly grown up with swamp bushes or willows, and in these marshes are a great many shallow ponds or sloughs. A good many Mother Phalaropes were swimming or flying about three ponds and seemed to be partially nocturnal. A few shore foxes (Ovocanis) were seen near the beach and a single Bay fox. The young fox followed me of 700 which attracted our attention by b seen at us we investigated and disovered a den into which the young had retreated. Squeaking sorn brought one of them out and the Indian shot it. I saw the old one at a dis eance but she was too wary & nature near. The den was in a high por- tion of one of the gravelly ridges about a mile back from the shore and as near the hole had a great many entrances. Paths extended into the surrounding marsh in all directions and feather of Ptarmigans and other

Brids were found about the harbours. July 20 Early in the mornyn we put up sail but the wind soon died out and we came to a stand still while lying here one of the men shot a seal which we hoisted on board with considerable difficulty. It was quite large weighing certain hundred pounds and of a stye gray color. Shortly afterwards got under way again and sails during the remainder of the ej day at a fair rate from where the wind became fair and quite strong. We passed Cubic River about noon and during the afternoon Broad River and more opposite Point about sundown Cbu in the day stening Tomb of which I had quite a number mostly large ones. July 21 Put up sail in the morning and had a quartering or fair wind nearly all day Passed Cape Churchill about noon and at 5 P.M. had nearly reached the mouth of the Churchill River Put ashore for wood and water Where I saw Titlarks & Sarrama Sparrows. Continuing we soon passed the mouth of the river but could not enter against the current & tide. While waiting for a favor- able chance to enter the river I shot a Walser seal, but it sank before we could recover it. A good many whales (white) and a few (black ones) were sporting and playing at the mouth of the river in the rapid current. Jems & the small black Least Gull were common and I saw a few Jacques. Several Corns and many Cedar ducks. Finally got to the mouth of the river and by craft work with the poles got the boat by the rapuods and sailed

up the river about a mile. The wind dying out we anchored opposite several small buildings where a small whalebery is carried on. We remained all night. July 22. No wind in morning and we had to remain at anchor. Started about noon to beat upeit the Post, only 3 or 4 miles and finally arrived between 4 and 5 o'clock. We were met by Mr. Aldton, The gentleman in charge of the Post and given the freedom of the place. In the storeroom were skins of mink, other marten & muskrats which came from a short distance up the river. a number of beavers from the same source. They get many Caribian skins mainly in the winter and a great many white foxes Arctic Hares we said to be found among the rocks in the vicinity and ground squirrels, after quiers up the river, [illegible] July 23. I having made a trade with the Indians for the seal killed a few days ago I skinned it with their help. Finding the shere uninjured. Picked up a good skull of the white whale. They need to Catch a great many but they are getting scarce & shy and only a few are now caught, and mainly for food for the dogs but partly for the oil. In the afternoon we put out all our small traps. We found abundant signs of small mammals among the rocks and about marshy places. We also set a few steel traps for seals. Shot a few birds including several Harriers sparrows, Tree sparrows Shore Larks & a will fall. July 24. Caught a good series of Microtus but nothing else and shot a lot of birds including Bonaparte's Gull, Clover, Pigeon Nawk etc. Collected the young of Harrie's Sparrow just from the nest.

St. Churchill and several other interesting birds. Two boys reported seeing Saway orle within a few miles of the iost. In the afternoon reset some of our traps and stemmed on mammals and a lot of birds. July 25. Caught a large series of Mierotus, and one Microstomy, at its burrow. Got a number of birds not seen before, and my brother saw a Bohemian Bathering, and several Thamodes (gray-chiselled) but was unable to collect them. Found Harris' Sparrow to be abundant among its stunted spruce. They have a sharp musical chip which can be heard quite a distance. Obtained a black-throated Laver, found in a pond back of the Fort. July 26. Caught a large series of Mierotus, two Lemmings and one adult Phoenacoma. The latter was taken in a dry stand and a few large yards across, in the midst of a wet marshy over. Shot two Sungarps (Saplands) in the marsh in front of the Fort. They have a note converting 2 several sharp chips uttered in rapid succession. Also shot a least Sandp plain and a Rusty blackbird. A large flock of the latter was seen. They probably have migrated down to the coast from up the river where they sometimes feed. July 27. Got many Mierotus, a Microstomy, and a Phoenacoma. The Lemming seems to be uncommon and it requires a great deal of work to locate their burrows which are hidden, used by beneath a thick stunted spruce and as they do not make plain runways they are easily missed. July 28. Got another Lemming and a Phoenacoma today, and a few Mierotus. It rained hard nearly all"day, making proper attention to traps impossible. In the late afternoon while hunting on the marsh I shot a short- horned owl which was attracted by my squeaking. A Fox within shrill was seen but I could not get it.

J.A. Churchill July 29. Took another Lemming making only six taken during the week. Made Plans and prepara- ations to leave tomorrow in bark canoe for Seal River or favourable place for trapping in the northward where the Beaver is more typical ally frozen. but owing to the latter of this season and lack of transportation facilities I am afraid I shall not be able to get far or do very much. My brother will remain collecting spending a part of his Time at the shanty across the river where several men are engaged in catching the white whales in a large net. Num report the Huckle mice (Lemming) to be much more common there than about here and we have hopes of securing a good series there. During the week 24 whales have been taken in the net Monday July 30. Having concluded to take a larger boat and attempt to reach the Big River (Great Whale or Fork River near Esquimau Point) I left H.Church- ill mid afternoon at high tide (about 10 o’clock). We obliged to beat and row eeze down the river and having to stop at the Whale Fishing near the mouth of the river about noon. I had dinner there. I saw several Fern— trees there feeding on the beach also a great many Herring Gulls the small black head Gull, [illegible] Ferns, P. B. Bull’s Jaques to be left as soon as possible but being unable to sail we had to row the heavy boat and so make little headway. We rounded the point and after following the coast N.Matson until nearly sunset. We encamped on the rocky beach back of Fork Churchill, intending to start Part of daylight. My brother are previously planned. Removal at Churchill To collect anticipating a trip a short distance up the river where there is some forest.

Tuesday July 31. To North Rwin? Left our camp at 6.30 with a strong head wind and beat 4 miles along the shore until about 2 o'clock when being unable ico proceed further we reached the boat. After lunch we sent ashore the Indians to get wood and cook bread, while I took my gun and m dropped over the grassy meadows for shorebirds of which I sawed a large number and several species of ducks shot some shore birds and made up several species not before obtained. When the tide had flowed sufficiently about 8 P.M. we started on wild round and sailed until nearly 12 P.M., there being no wind, where we landed on a bare sandy islet on which some Arctic Terns had apparently nested as they kept up a clam all night. (Young terns rely ready to fly were found next morning) Wednesday Aug 1. As soon as the tide permitted (about 8.30) we got our boat off and continued our way. After sooring until about noon we had a fair light wind and put up our sail and sailed until about sunset but not very fast. The wind then died out and we rowed until dark finally/ge landing on a grassy point where we enc)amped. Soon after leaving our camp on the island one of the men fired at a duck and at the report thousands of Sandpipers rose from the beach when they had been feeding and forming into a immense flock circled about. They were too far off to e distinguish any of the species. In the distance they resembled an immense swarm of insects. During the day we saw several Seals and [illegible] several schools of the white whale.

Thursday Aug.2 Near Seal R.to Up early and while waiting for the tide to rise we cooked bread and gathered drift wood and got some good water anticipating a long days sail as the wind was strong and fair. At day- light found our camp was near the extremity of a long grassy & Sollvory point making out for Seal Roin the high rock at the mouth Henrygleamy seen to its south west. In the grass near our camp I found signs of merotus but was unable to Catch any before leaving. Saw a track of Caribou made yesterday and an old fox track. A few birds were seen about The Point After leaving we had a good breeze which soon freshened into a strong wind, nearly south, and we made Good headage. During the afternoon we passed a high sandy rocky Island which the Indians called Rabbit Island. It Continued until nearly sunset, the wind contin- ually getting stronger, when we anchored at - in the lee of a small sandy island with rocks and reefs all about. The tide was then coming in and the wind still contin- ued strong. Impressed off with Indians my wish to keep the boatuisse afloat and we went to sleep, as It was too cold to keep up. I awoke several times during the night and found the boat adof But at daylight after a short Friday Aug.3 arrowe to find the boat wites just leaving the boat, the code going out. I awoke the Indians at once and by light many the boat of the heavier portions I was baggage I managed to get it afloat. and continued on our way very much against the will of the Indians, especially the Captain, who considered the wind too strong to sail. I was deter- mined however to take advantage of the fair wind, since the promise

big wind is from the north and a vays delay might spoil our chances of reaching our destination. It rained a little soon after low wind and the wind prevailed to almost a gale but we cleared the reefs and rocks without mishap and sailed on at a great rate. I saw two Bismun gnuelments about 8 o'clock, just before 9 o'clock, the sky cleared somewhat, and the wind became less strong, and we were able to make a fire in a frying pan and make some� The coast since leaving our stopping place near the mouth of Seal River has been very uniform in character, low, and with a low and rocky beach. Buck from the shore than appear to be occasional grassy bushes with a few small eminences perhaps 50 feet in height and occasionally a few trees (Spruces?) About noon the wind became strong and I was unable to induce the quick to sail further so beached the boat at a sandy point. I found abundant signs of Microtus in the course grass on the Point and holes of Lemming in the tundra but being too relafing to remain over night icing not set traps. On my proposal to take the boat out at high tide during the night, the guide seemed unwilling to proceed and proposed not er to know the way, but I made the Indians take the boat out and we anchored far enough out to be afloat at low tide and slept on the boat. Saturday Aug 4. At daybreak woke to find a strong head wind blowing. Started to try to row against it, but after going a mile or two the wind increased so that we could make no headway against it and we were in danger of smashing the boat on the rocks, so put down the anchor, and the wind kept abating. I concluded

to put back to our least camp The nearest place to make a landing and do some trapping '近 out all my small traps and before night had taken 40 specimens, 1 Dicrostonyx 14 Lemmus and the rest Microtus, some of which I skinned. Sunday Aug 5. Made a very goodter catch of Lemmus & Microtus but no Dicrostonyx and worked allar day skinning. Found the carom skeleton (part) of a Thalemiter with skull in fair shape. This point seems to have been a favorite Camping place and many skulls & bones of canibon are scattered about. Shore birds, especially Redbacked Sandpipers extremely abundant. Monday Aug 6. Got a large catch of Microtus & Lemmus and worked many all day skinning them. Also made up a few birds There was a light southerly breeze and I tried to induce the zuddle to start north & make an attempt der to reach the "Big River" but he absolute ly refused to go and my Indians would not start without him as it bore given up attempting to go further north. Expect to remain here a day or two longer and then work back toward Chinshih stopping to collect at favorable places. Tuesday Aug 7 Got a good catch of, Lemmus & Microtus and worked many all day on them. About 4 P.M. Left camp with an Indian taking Traps & blankets to spend the night about miles back from the shore where there are gravelly Paddies and where I expected to find Dicrostonyx of which I have taken but one here. Set out all my Traps at good places for Lemmus heather unfavourable, being rainy Found a fox den near where we made camp and set steel traps there in hopes of catching an old one.

Wednesday Aug 8. Got up at daylight and looked at my traps. Got 11 Dicrostonyx, 1 Lemmus and some Microtus and a young fox at the ken. Shot an Upland Plover. Picked up my traps and after a light breakfast we went back to camp arriving there about 7 o'clock. Spent the day working on specimens until the tide came up, about Havelock when we pored out to ek large sail boats which had anchored off shore about noon. Found them to be boats from Churchill manned by Eskimos and with I an interpreter, on their way back from Marble Island where they had been to trade with the Eskimo. It learned from the interpreter that we were but a short distance from the "Big River" and that a short distance beyond there I could get good ranquilts. I engaged one of the Eskimos to take one to where they were found and back Thursday Aug 9. It rained and blew hard during the night and every thing aboard was wet. In the morning it stopped raining and we started again, and about noon the mud changed to the north so we could sail no longer. We then pored ashore until the mud became too strong to proceed when we anchored. After passing several miserable hours on the boat over which the spray dashed continually theedo became high enough to enable us to get in close to shore. I supposed we must go further or to find Spermophiles, but the

Eskimos motioned to me to take Traps which I did and followed him. I had gone but a few hundred yards when I saw a ground squirrel run to its burrows. I found a number of burrows and set all the Traps I could before dark. Theyacks not seem to be abundant but I have hopes of getting a fair series. Friday Aug 10. Found three Spermophiles in my traps this morning, and set the remainder of my traps in likely places. Saw several wolves and got along shot at one but missed. Saturday Aug 11. Took only one Spermophile today. Reset a number of my traps. The ground squirrels live on little ridges, a few feet higher than the surrounding marshy tundra and as there is usually only one burrow on a ridge and they are quite widely scattered, it requires a great deal of work to get any. They do not seem to be very active as none have been seen since the first one, except those caught in traps. About noon I shot a male Caribou quite close to camp. The Eskimo was hunting and in following the animal it happened to run toward the camp. Seeing it across a river, I went after it with my rifle and killed it at the first shot. He丘pped it and partially prepared the skin for drying. The Eskimo killed a smaller one yesterday after hunting all day and came back this morning with some of the meat, I should judge about half, and I presume that he ate the rest of it. Sunday Aug 12. No Spermophiles in my traps today, though I had all out and set as well as possible. The animals have not.

doubtfully commenced to hiber- note and as I have seen none since the first one and I find burrows with dirt freshly pudi- ed out from the micede, appar- ently the final closing up for the routes. In the afternoon while looking at my traps. I saw a caribou which had been stirred by the Indians. It: passed quite close to me, but, as I did not have my rifle I could not secure it. Also saw a polar bear on a ridge about a mile from au camp. As the Eskimos were hunting in that direction. I thought he might kill it, but the bear moved off to the northward and the Eskimo did not see it Monday Aug 18. Took up all my Traps this morning as I did not think it advisable to stay any longer on account of the difficulties to be encountered in returning and it seems impossible to get any more Spermafophes. We left early at high tide and though we had the wind against us all뿚y, we managed to make a very good day's journey getting back nearly to our former oll camp. where I engaged the Eskimos. During the forenoon we saw four caribou on the shore. Two of these were close to the beach and quardared us as me passed them apparently with great curiosity one of them walking along the beach opposite us for some distance. I saw great numbers of Landpepis of several species flying south ward and 1 black throated Cornbird with the frost – and a number of Saundersiup the frost I have noted

Tuesday Aug 14. Left camp quite early as soon as the tide per- mited and set sail with a fair but light wind which kept up until about the middle of the afternoon when it died down and we were obliged to row. Nothing of especial note occur- red during the day. We landed just before sunset on arassy point having made a fair days journey.i While the men were cooking supper I hunted about the beach for data for food and killed ems. I also found the body of a Harbor Seal (Phoe) which had been cast up by the tide. It seems quite a fish and I think I shall be able to save the skin. so shall at- tend to it early in the morning Shot a Turnestone from a small flock in the rocks when we landed and afterward saw another flock. (On further investigation I find that we have not come as far as we thought and are now camped Cape Catalina, where we collected Aug 4 to 8.) Wednesday Aug 15. Left camp quite early having skimmed the seal. and quiled at a good rate all the forenoon. In the early part of the afternoon the wind died down so we were fair obliged to row. Forward evening however it freshened again and we saled until nearly dark and camped on a grassy point a few miles above what I think is Rabbit Island. In the grass at camp I found signs of Microtus and set all the traps I could before\n-dark. Thursday Aug 16. Took up my traps in the morning, securing over 20 Microtus, apparently it's same as secured at other camp near "Big River". While we were wait

ing for the tide to rise suffi- ciently for us to start, a party of four Estimoes came along in their kayaks. They proved to be a part of the crew of one of the "Mar po Island" boats and report that one of the boats ran upon a rock a day or two ago and is smashed be- yond repair. They had killed a White bear a day or two agies and had its skin with them, divided in four parts. As soon as we could get our boat off we pulled out and they re- joined their way northward. We were only able to sail a short distance when the men were obliged to pull, and as there was a side wind we made rather slow progress. and only succeeded in round my Rabbit "Island" and pulled into an inlet where we could obtain fresh water. They took me then about two-thirds in all as soon as we sailed land we anchored the boat. The Estimoes volunteering to remain in the boat so that we could start earlier in the morning. "Rabbit Island" turns out to be only a promontory connected with the main land by grassy marshes with Boulder-strewn ridges a few feet high, traversing it in various directions. This marsh is probably covered by exceptionally high tides, so that the point may at times become an Island. The Estimoes gave me to un- derstand by signs in answer to my inquiry which I managed by signs and a sketch of a rabbit that They (Arctic Hares) were found sparsely all along the coast but not especially on this point. It looks very much like your Intend to be up early to hunt and try to secure a Stake, as I fear I shall not be able to get any further south.

Friday Aug.17. Was up at sunrise and put in the time hunting about the Enges where I hoped to see Nares and to my great delight started two old ones, both of which I secured. I discovered the first one sitting motionless about 25 yards in front of me and he resembled a boulder so closely that I had to take a close look to be sure of his identity when I lost no time in securing him. The second was started near the same place about half an hour later, after I had hunted about all the grounds in the vicinity and had started to cover the ground again, and killed on the run. I also killed a prazel among the docks near the camp beneath the rock on which I shot it. I found the remains of several specimens of the species I have taken above here. I found the two larger species A willow which I have ten collected with Q here, the smooth-leaved one growing in good sized clumps and being in some cases 2 inches in"diameter at the base, but only about 3 feet high. Found also a shrub, with bright red berries, having a bitter taste and I collected a sprig of it. I think I have taken it further south, on the way up. About 8 o'clock we were able to get our boat off and started and rowed against the wind until about noon, when it blew so hard that we could make no headway. So we put down the anchor and waited hoping for a change or dull, in the wind but it only increased in force so when the tide began to come in. We ran the boat in a small bay with sandy bottom and the Indians said I went ashore. We found plenty of drift wood and I stanned my (retro) Harco by the light of the camp fire.

Saturday Aug 18. Ie got away quite early but there was a strong head wind and we made slow progress with the oars. About noon we were able to sail a few miles, but were unable to get around a long point so selecting a good spot we anchored and as soon as we could land went ashore. It had commenced to rain heavily in the meantime. I left the Estimo provided with a water proof cover- ring and he remained aboard, as usual. I made camp in the nearest grassy point and while the men were cooking supper I explored the vicinity. The ground was mostly marshy but rocky ridges evidently old Points & shore lines, on which were growing a few stunted Jamaacks. A few miles back Forts undoubtedly of this species were ogrouping in considerable abundance and these had been visible back a few miles from the coast about 15 miles to the north of this point. Being the limit, I think, if trips in the vicinity of the coast. Some species of willows grow rather luxuriantly over a good portion of the marshy ground and many small ponds occur. To the south- west, a high Rocky mound said esent to be at the mouth of Seal River is just visible Sunday Aug 19. Got away from camp early and sailed all the forenoon with a good wind, about noon arriv- ing within sight of the old Fort and the Beacon at the mouth of Churchillit River. The wind then died down and we had to row. Instead of rounding the point. I got landed on the north side within two miles of the Fort and walked across. As the men continued on round the point, and did not arrive at the Post until the middle of the night. On my arrival, I learned that the ship had come and sailed away this morning. My brother

had packed a box with what heavy material we had and sent it to the Dept by way of Rigoulette. I had hoped to arrive in time to send the Caribbean skin, seal skin and other belly that I had taken northward. But more years shall be obliged to take it all out with me in the canoe. During my absence, my brother had made a trip about 15 miles up the river in hopes of getting species that weorce not obtain in the imme- diate vicinity of the Fort. He found it to be a poor place for mammals, but not and could not trap many, but he obtained several species not taken here (Ziber) (Culorius, Erotempe) and some birds. After returning from this trip, he camped some mately across the river and found Dicronotypl at to The fairly common and obtained a good series of adults and young & various ages. He also obtained a number at the Old Fort at the mouth of the river on the 17th. Altogether, he collected over 70 Dicterotomyp. I made arrangements to start for York Factory on Tuesday, it being as soon as I thought we could git things packed up, as I had Introductions some specimens with me unskinned, which would have to be attended to - Monday Aug 20. I rose up early and put in the day skinning and packing specimens. Tuesday Aug 21. Finished our prepar- tions for departure, finishing our packing and skinning and took some pictures. Left the Fort at about 4 P.M. (high tide) and had a fair sound down the river. After leaving the mouth of the river the sound was not with me but I made good progress as the

That was a good sailor and at sunset the old fort at the mouth of the river was nearly out of sight. Thursday Aug. 22. We lay at anchor through the night as it was too early to sail. Started at an early hour, but had to lay by about 9 a.m. on account of head wind, and did not get away until 3 A.M. During the material we tried to catch some Macrostes as there were a few runways on the high grassy point where we went ashore, but they were not common and we only caught none. In the ponds, a little back from the point there were many Golden Superb ducks (Austropa nigra) green wing ducks and I shot some for food. Shore birds were rather common on the beach and about the ponds especially Tr. Phalapous in the thick grass in the point a white bear had lain within a few days. After getting started again, we had a good wind and sailed at a good rate. Passing Cape Churchill about 6.30 Thursday Aug. 23. Started to sail about 4.30 A.M., and got 15 or 20 miles past Cape Churchill when the wind changed\ to southerly and we had to anchor, and lay at anchor the rest of the day. Saw many Turnstones and common inns and a few Wh no [illegible]. Also saw 2 or 3 sooty black gulls or birds very closely resembling gulls (Putably very dark miniature birds). Friday Aug. 24. Strong head wind all o day and we were unable to sail. Just before noon we pulled the boat in toward shore and reached 'er and as soon as the tide set out, we went ashore, as there was no prospect of a change in the wind. The surface back from the shore was barren except for millions and tinches and an

occasional dwarfed spruce and Crisped in various directions by sandy or gravelly ridges The remains of former shorelines, with many jords and marshy places between the ridges. On the gravelly ridges we found many burrows of Dicrostonyx and Pother might had trapped and dug out about 20. The burrows usually started beneath a piece of driftwood and usually proceeded nearly horizontally for 18 inches or two feet to the nest which was made of grass & moss and occupied a small chamber about 4 or 5 inches in diameter. From this there was emally a passage way leading off about 18 inches farther evidently intended as a place of refuge. This did not end in a chamber but merely terminated, and at its extremity we usually found the animal- when the burrow was tinanted. Sometimes this passage way if. refuge Transferred 73 from the main passage before the nest was reached In dry into a good many burrows which contained nothing, and as there was nothing in the appearance of the entrance to indicate this. one is likely to set many traps at unoccupied burrows, so digging seems to be the most satisfactory way to obtain specimens. But one adult animal appears to occupy a burrow. We captured several in burrows which merely ran beneath a piece of half-buried skywood, in which case, cavities in the log formed a part of the burrow. One litter of 4 young was found in a nest.g Nearby an old one was seen to take refuge in a shallow burrow at the roots of a willow. It proved to be an adult & and was doubtless the parent of the young once taken. Many burrows and runway of Microtis we found at the edge of the pond and a line of traps set for them

Saturday Aug 25. We slept ashore as I wished to leave some traps alt and before daylight awake and found that the wind had changed to the north.(It ramid quite heavily during the night) As soon as it was light, I'd picked up my traps, securing a fair series of Microtus and as soon as the tide permitted, I set sail with a fair, strong wind. Toward much the wind died down, a little but about 12. freshened again and I made fair progress. and at dark had nearly reached Stony River. Sunday Aug.26. Set sail at daylight and about 9 o'clock reached Stony River and about 5.P.M. we sighted the Beacon on the Point of Marsh at the Mouth of Hayes River. Weuilding not get in at once on account of low water and it was quite dark when we were able to enter the River but we fortunately had the wind in our favor and were able to pair up to the Fort at once and arrived there about 10.30 Monday Aug.27 Spent the day preparing the specimens we had on hand. and in packing up our outfit and accumulated material. Tuesday Aug.28. Finished our packing and made everything ready o start and left the Fort about. 4.30 and commenced. raction by which means we have to ascend the river until we reach the Rock Portage on a hundred miles. We made 8 or 9 miles and at dark made camp on the left bank of the river proceeding Wednesday Aug.29. Made an early start and made fair progress until about noon when we struck two rocks within a short distance, breaking the boards, that the canoe leaked badly. While the men were getting dinner we 非洲 the broken places and

minded there, and got away again after about two hours delay. and be camped at start on the left bank of the river having come about 25 miles from York. and set a few.컞s. Aug 30. Took 2 Eotrompus & one Peromyscus. Made an early start and at Dark had passed the mouth of the Shamatawa River, a short ngtoner. Camped at the mouth of a small stream and set some traps. Aug 31. Took Peromyscus. Japar & Microtis. Rain commenced to fall about daylight, so we delayed starting and made up our specimens. Left about 9 o'clock and made good progress the rest of the day and camped about start, sunset. Set out a line of traps in bushes and gran on the banks of the river Saturday Sept 1. Took Peromyscus Microtus & Eotrompus in my traps and shot a red squirrel near Camp. Left camp about 6 o'clock with prospects of a hood day. Reached the mouth of the Fox River about noon and stopped for dinnues. Near here saw Populus tremuloides and Betula papyrifera, this being their furthest point reached by them on this river as far as Fox River Knorr. Saw moose tracks after miles below. Proceeded on up the river until good dark. The River is a succession of rapids here and tracking was very difficult. I think we made only about 10 miles to during the afternoon. Sunday Sept 2. Commenced to rain about daylight and rained quite steadily until nearly noon, so we were unable to proceed. We shunned what specimens we had on hand and mended our canoe, which had broken the day before and was leaking badly. Left about noon as the rain had口ated and continued on until dark

It rained a little during the afternoon but we had the baggage carried and thought it best to keep on. Camped on the left bank of the river. with prospects of more rain Sept 3. Left camp early and continued on our way. It was Cloudy during the forenoon and it rained slightly but cleared about noon and shot by afterward we arrived at the Rock Portage where our tracking ended. I made this Portage and two others a short e distance above and camped just before dark at the last which the Indians called the Half Reed Portage, since the River makes a semi-circle. Shot a red squirrel and set out a good line of Traps. A short2nce above the Rock Portage I saw Five tress (Abies) which this forest of this kind seen so far. Since leaving York Factory the Spruce and Lamarakes have been gradually increasing in size until now Triss a foot and a half in diam eter are quite common. Sept 4. Took about 10 mice in our traps. Eortrump Peronyous Left camp early and continued on up the river, which is an almost continuous succession of rapids. Made 10 Portage🄭uring the day though at some of them the boat was not carried but was hauled up the rapid by the rope. Passed Brown Well about noon. Camped at dark at a portage and set a good line of Traps. Sept 5. Jack Eortrump (both color phases) Heronotus, Sorex, and go away from camp early as usual. Made only 3 portage but polled and paddled up a great number of rapids and only made a few miles Shot a mink near the outlet

I Swampy Lake, which we reached about 4 o'clock. Paddled up the Lake until nealy Sunset when we camped at a point. Where we camped on July 6. Put up the tent and in the evening made up what specimens we had on hand, about 20. Have all my traps set in from many places and hope to get some good specimens. Are trying to trap as much as possible as we collected but little in this region on the way down seems to lack time. Left 6. T“ok two species of Gray richardson and a small one, a good series of Eusts and a small. Left Camp at 6:30 and soon passed out of Swampy Lake into the Jack River which we ascended making 4 portages and, putting up many rapids. Reached Knee Lake about 4. P.M. and found a stiff breeze in our faces so made good progress however and camped about sunset on a point some 8 or 10 miles from the outlet. Set out 200k of my traps but do not consider the place very favorable for trapping. Sept 7 Took up my traps but did not catch much. A strong head wind was blowing and after paddling a couple of hours and making but a few miles it became so strong that we did not consider it safe to proceed farther and landed on a small island not far from the eastern shore of the Lake. Here we remained until nearly night the wind meanwhile increasing to nearly a gale. Toward evening it moderated somewhat and we proceeded on a short esaunt and camped on another Island just before landing

I shot a mink which we saw swimming in the water. We set such a few traps and as we had finished up all our skinning I retired esent early anticipating an early start. Sept. 8. Took 5 Erodomus mi Traps. Rose up before light and left camp about 5: oclock before the sun had risen. The wind was still quite strong in our faces but we were able to proceed and reached the "Narrows" about 9 o'clock. shot a mink and a red- throated Loon. There was little wind in the "Narrows" and we soon reached the southern portion of the Lake. Here the wind was very strong and progress very difficult. We were able to proceed however and after a hard day's work at the paddles we arrived at the Trout River Falls within 9 miles of Oxford House where we camped and set out some traps. Sept. 9. Left Camp quite early and proceeded up the Trout River. We made several partial portages and passed up several rapids and about noon reached Back Lake and an hour or two afterwards arrived at Oxford House. Mr. Campbell had collected a number of Chipmunks for us and a few skulls. The chipmunks were in formal- in, and Mr. Campbell stunned them and as I came out spare the time to stuff them prop- erty, salted them. We set out some traps to get a few more specimens and still need the minks and other Specimens we had on hand. May remain here another day

Sept 10 Concluded to diman another day and put in most of the day working on spec. min and packing. In the afternoon went out on the march between Oxford & Back Lakes to see what birds were about. Saw several snipel (Gallmays) several Butturns. Greater yellow. legs, Pectoral sandpipus etc. Sept 11 Took up Traps, packed specimens, and a little before noon left Oxford House and proceeded up the Lake. We had a lead wind at first but about the middle of the afternoon the Lake became Calm and we made good headway and camped about 10 miles from the upper (southern) end of the Lake and set out all our traps. The shores of Oxford Lake are mainly solid rock as is well shown at the present low stage the water the rock below high water mark being bare. Above that Point where not esser of its growth by fires the shore are will wooded with spruce, for Poplar (both speci) Birch Tamarack, etc. Sept 12 Took to our Traps. Left camp early and found a hard lead wind to paddle against. After going a short distance, it was nearly for about half an hour deep during which time we had by be reached the end of the Lake about 10 o'clock and entered the river connecting Muddy & Oxford Lakes. This we ascended making two full portages and three lightening the canoe and hauling it up by means of the type. Reached Muddy Lake about Nocte and had dinner an hour later near the middle of this Lake. Also encountered a hard Lead wind on this Lake. The shores are similar to those of Oxford Lake but Corche

almost entirely except by fire within a few years. We soon entered the channel of Pine Lake which is winding and marshy-shored. Saw a few Mollies and muskrats and shot a stump about half way to Pine Lake which we reached just beforeeature and camped near itsandlet and set out our traps in the rain. Sept 13. Zart Eertrump (Perronyce) in over traps and left camp quite early. Crossed an arm of the lake extending a few miles at right angles to the main portion of the lake, at its port and passing through a narrow, shallow chan- rel for a few hundred yards reached another Lake. A flock of Red B. Musguous was seen and several shot. After paddling a few miles we made a portage of about a quarter of a mile into another Lake and before start my again had a breach. After p domestic an hour or two we came out into a narrow lake which we had passed through when coming down, just above the Well Gate Rapids which we have avoided by coming by this other route. Shortly after noon we reached the marshy channel which extends for some miles below the Robson Portage which we reached about 4 o'clock as we had some of coming its do and run out of candles, we con- cluded to camp at the upper end of the Portage and finish things up as we could not make any great distance before dark. We accordingly epented after hoary dinner and after finishing up our stumping or set out our traps. at the upper end of the Portage Muskrats were common here, and I shot a couple of traps for them.

Sept 14. Took a few specimens of Mammals including John Rivers Moods, Entrump & Perrympeers. Left camp soon as it was fairly light and passed through the small Lakes and through the narrow deep channel with rocky banks then into a small Lake to the Height of Land (Paidied Stone Portage) at the head of the Echamamuch which we reach about 11.30 The upper part of it was very shallow. In length a longer Portage there than usual and shot a Prolating Raudfeeper, Two being뺮n The upper part of the Echamamuch was very slow and we had to knock a good deal after passing the upper dam the water was deeper going into the middle dam being built up. Below this was more lower water but at noon becomes super and we backed a little in one place. Camped atolark a short distance above the latter dam and set Troops Sept 15. Took a fur Mam-ulo and left camp as soon as it was fairly light from crossing the Stones Dam where we portaged Everything. Reached Haity Falls about Noon and passing through the Channels bordered by Poplars and through High Rocky Falls or, reached the Sea Runs Falls where we made a full portage andour Camped. Set out Troops Sept 16. Took a few mammals in traps and made an early start for Norway Ham which we reached shortly after Noon. Found the steam had not arrived being really a week late. About four Troops were some a few more specimens and at once beganunction preparations for departure Sept 17. Took a few mammals and a few marked stumps, what specimens on both hands including a mammoth

4 large books. Sept. 18. Packed everything ready to ship to Washington. The steamer has been heard from and my red mail from her. She cannot come into the river on account of low water. Sept 19. Left Norway Haus with all our baggage in a large tug The Frank Benton. To catch the steamer at Darrons Landing where she was supposed to wait to take the Fall shipment of fur, into Nord Seltke.

176 ♀ 177 ♀ 178 ♀ 179 ♀ 180 ♀ 181 ♀ 182 ♀ 183 ♀ 184 ♂ 185 ♂ 186 ♂ 187 ♂ 188 ♂ 189 ♂ 190 ♂ 191 ♂ 192 ♂ 193 ♂ 194 ♂ 195 ♂ 196 ♂ 197 ♂ 198 ♂ 199 ♂ 200 Microtus Mainland over Rabbit 3d Aug 16. 136 39 20 140 42 20 136 40 20 141 42 20 138 40 20 132 38 19 105 32 18 105 30 18 175 49 19 Aug 17. 305 90 40 550 83 153 570 80 154 Rabbits Rabbit Point Number 162 [illegible] [illegible]

north of Churchill Near 11th Sand Pera Aug 4 1 Bal Simm 2 Fii. Dierwstong 3 Marotus 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Red 13 Fad 14 Fad 15 F 16 O 17 F 18 F 19 F 20 21 22 Fad 23 F 24 F 25 F 157 22 20 110 15 18 145 44 20 134 38 19 137 42 20 142 41 21 145 41 20 140 40 20 135 39 19 140 41 20 130 39 20 192 54 21 185 45 20 172 54 21 133 36 20 133 37 20 142 43 21 120 34 19 130 37 19 177 51 21 138 38 19 170 48 20 146 44 20 135 39 20 127 37 20 10 embryos Darts 4 mg. 4 feet

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 ♀ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♀ ♀ Bad Bad ♀ ♂ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♂ Bad Fail ♀ Microtus " F def. " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Aug 4 110 34 18 100 27 16 135 21 20 130 21 19 122 20 19 119 21 18 105 19 18 142 28 20 140 23 20 125 21 18 132 22 18 124 19 20 105 19 20 105 20 19 118 20 18 4 Large embryo tests 4fect. 6 embryos (1 very small) test 4 pact. 4 wig Aug 5 142 19 18 150 28 20 115 21 20 105 20 18 145 41 22 132 40 20 100 29 18 190 50 20 180 50 20 130 35 19 Feats 4 normal 4 perfect 8 embryo

51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 Mertus " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Femmes " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Aug 55 136 35 20 95 26 17 142 41 20 142 41 20 137 41 20 138 39 20 120 35 19 100 27 17 175 44 19 150 46 20 142 42 20 148 41 20 133 38 20 120 33 18 98 25 16 168 22 20 112 20 18 150 21 20 155 22 20 166 22 20 156 24 20 133 20 19 114 20 18 112 18 18 105 18 18 Hembryos Embtrie

76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 Lemmus " " " " " " " " " " " " polymorphus "" Aug 5 Aug 6 110 2.0 18 155 2.2 20 150 2.0 20 105 1.9 18 110 2.0 18 142 2.1 2.1 140 2.1 1.9 150 2.5 2.0 130 2.0 1.9 150 2.3 2.1 148 2.3 2.0 130 2.0 2.0 132 2.1 1.8 112 2.2 1.7 105 1.7 1.8 110 1.7 1.8 142 4.3 2.1 136 4.0 2.0 110 3.0 1.7 120 3.4 1.9 100 2.7 1.8 135 4.0 2.0 130 3.8 2.0 140 4.0 2.0 about 6 feet Skullonly

101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 Lemmus " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Microtus " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Lemmus " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " New York Sand River Aug 6 130 - 19 Jail zone 120 20 19 115 16 18 110 16 18 122 22 20 130 21 19 118 20 20 119 21 19 115 22 18 105 18 18 135 37 21 125 36 20 Aug 7 Skeleton Infornalin " Infornalin 128 21 19 105 17 17 108 18 18 108 17 17 112 18 18 155 20 20 130 20 19 Facts 4 pict 4 my

126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 Lemmus "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" Dierotonyx "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "rc near Milk. Swild R. Aug 7. 136 21 20 125 20 19 118 20 18 125 18 19 110 20 17 117 20 19 118 21 19 110 19 18 105 19 18 Aug 8. 152 21 20 140 20 19 130 19 18 132 18 18 120 19 17 120 18 17 100 15 16 126 18 19 124 18 18 120 17 17 115 19 17 130 17 18 155 43 20 95 30 17 145 41 20 640 250 120 Gravelly ridges built from shore At Dierotonyx burrow at low, in ridge

151 ⚪ Spermophilus 152 ⚫ " 153 ♀ " 154 ♀ Sivertonyx 157 ⚪ Spermophilus 156 ⚪ Rangifer 157 ⚪ Sivertonyx 158 ⚪ " 159 ⚪ " 160 ⚫ " 161 ♀ " 162 ⚪ Rhoea 163 ⚪ Microtus 164 ⚫ " 165 ⚫ " 166 ⚪ " 167 ⚫ " 168 ⚫ " 169 ⚫ " 170 ⚪ Fat 171 ⚫ Lad 172 ⚪ Feed 173 ⚯ Lynd 174 ⚯ Pyod 175 ⚯ Pyod See 15th Page Back above "Big River" Aug 10. 380 120 65 350 116 64 392 114 57 150 20 20 Aug 11 400 115 64 2m. 160 550 - 12 76 8 12 Found nest - Burrer. (Young) 20/160) " 80 8 13 " 80 10 13 " 140 19 18 Nursing. Coraland & small Squirly Aug 14 17500 100 16 -182 51 20 142 24 21 Half of tail gone " 150 42 20 " 135 35 20 " 147 41 20 " 142 42 20 " 138 36 20 " 178 48 21 " 182 50 20 " 182 48 20 " 172 49 20 " 158 40 21 " 166 49 20

60 17 27