5th Archbold expedition to New Guinea. March 4, 1956 to February 1, 1957

5th Hocklond Expedition to New Guinea 1956 March 4: Left Schulwild Airport, New York at 9:10 AM on TWA flight 35 (Constellation G) (Plane Bright) clear morning after a rainy night. Arrived Chicago in 3½ hours. Tons amount of snow on ground back from the coast. Much ice on Take Off 4hr 8½ hour flight from Chicago to San Francisco, against a very strong wind. Arrived in SF at 6 clock. Had limited views of the Party (25) in vicinity of Thrymane. The Temas, creased from near there, almost entirely crowded over. San Francisco temperature very mild after the rail coast. Short men walking in streets without jackets. Left San Francisco 11:10 am on Pan Am flight 737 (Tri-4 Constellation plane (Southern Moon). Arrived Honolulu 8:05 Pacific Bowl Time, 6:01 Honolulu Time. (Barnett 21) 51 passengers from S.F. only few plus from, Em 1:10, from Honolulu, and joining on to Sydney. "Hammel" Norgaard had a good dinner at the Hotel Edgewater (on Edgewater). Talk off at 10:10 PM. Had mouth with the above (?) for a few minutes after take off 8 hour back for a good landing at 6:10.

Coming in for a landing at Honolulule, we flew through sizzling dark rain clouds over the top of the island. A wild night. Very narrow razorbacks. Very narrow deep valleys. All green and rain-drenched in the late afternoon light. Dr. G. Linley Greivill, entomologist of the Bishop Museum, boarded plane at Honolulule. Going to 15 Claims N. Queensland, area for a week, then on to New Guinea & The Solomons for 2 months. A specialist in beetles. Greivill was in the Wewel Mountains & Central Highlands areas last year. This year he will work mainly in the Banda-ella area in Papua, & in the New Britain, & Bougainville & Madalecanal. George Brooks will help him at Cairns. I have given him a letter of introduction to Gilbert Bates. March 6 - 7 (crossed international dateline) Arrived Canton Island, Chewing Rock, at 8:30 am. Distance 1912 miles. Put there Krauss, U.S.D.A entomologist returning to Honolulule after a vacation collecting visit to Tonga & Fiji; Also Mrs. from Kansas, married to an FCC official on the island & also U.S. post mistress of the islands. Canton a low fall, dry & desolate & much disturbed by bulldozers. Said to have been no rain for 15 months. Rain water cisterns are dry. Fiji had as with it only remaining supply. The shore plantings of littoral shrubs & coconuts are slowly growing off x days. Left Canton 8:55 this time, after fueling, & a short jeep ride with Mrs. B., Krauss & Greivill. Arrived Wadi, Fiji, at 1:30 Canton time; 1278 miles. We left Honolulule with the idea of by-passing to

The south of Trip to avoid a Hurricane, but later had an all-clear from Nadi. The wind had not risen above about 60 mph then, but 17 inches of rain had fallen within 48 hours & the streams were pouring great quantities of red water into the sea. Monday I saw it, this red water was within the barrier reef which lies close & most of the coast. Nadi very hot & humid. Wood waste & sultry wind had flattened a fair coverage of sugarcane. Left Nadi 7 PM Trip time & arrived Sydney 9:30 (7:30 Then Time); distance 1978 miles. Staying at Manlyworth Hotel, old place modernized to the extent of private bathrooms; apparently a Canton hotel. Sydney has had much rain from the cyclonic disturbance. Muggy & rather hot for Sydney. Ben able carried a crew of eleven including two captains & two first officers, & we had only 12 passengers upon arrival in Sydney. The had only five through passengers from San Francisco. Trans-Pacific flight: 7581 miles, 27 hours 40 min. Canton was a very good service. There is that the split & polish of Pan American, but so far as I could see efficiency is at a very high level, & arrangements for passengers very complete - down to a buttonhole in Timor. Thursday Mar.8. Left Sydney 9:30 AM by TAA XC.3, Stopped down at Newcastle, & 361 To Brisbane 1:05. How ever solid clouds much of time. River high with big rains from the cyclonic disturbance. Townsville, Cairns, & some places in Gulf of Carpentaria have taken a bad beating. Wind & flood have done much damage to the sugarcane crop (harvest begins in two months).

Was met at 16 air terminal in Town by Denis Williams, Bunting's Brisbane agent. Tala, we both went to the Income Tax Office (for Tax clearance for New Guinea), Migration Office (for alien registration), & Burns Philp & Co. for information on ships & planes to Tamarae. Mainly concerned with cutting formalities for Ron Peterson or if he should have to make a quick get-away upon arrival. Ron's ship, Pioneer Gem, is expected at Port Moresby to arrive March 31, which is a Saturday. He can take plane that night for Port Moresby or on 28 April 1951, & be in Tamarae by air April 3rd. Failing that, the next scheduled plane arrival in Tamarae is 18 April 17. We goal from Brisbane is expected before that time. Every person leaving Australia for New Guinea (or anywhere else) needs an Income Tax Clearance. As we have special visas from New Tala, we don't need the usual permits to leave Australia & to return to Australia from New Guinea. We can pass through Australia without registering as aliens, but we must register in Tamarae (our expected stay being over 60 days). There has been a conflict of opinion on the registration business, & this has taken up most time. Today March 9: Confirmed my booking with Qantas through to Port Moresby. Tried to have a bound pocket knife 10-1- Yesterday on the plane or in a taxi, got my income tax clearance, also tax clearance for Ron. The officials concerned have made concessions & Ron is now documented for immediate departure for New Guinea when he arrives in Brisbane.

Visited The Queensland Herbarium in what was left of the morning, & in the afternoon the Queen- land Museum. The Herbarium - what I saw of it - still an untidy fire hazard of a great amount of material in brown paper bundles & Merrill unprocessed cardboard boxes - a lot of it unaccessioned & undetermined. Everist Tabb had not been cleared off for months, by the look of it. The scope of improvement since he became State Botanist nearly two years ago, but the only obvious one was a re-painting of the interior. Everist's normal junior assistants do the routine identification in agrostology, weed control, etc., leaving Stanley Blake & Lindsay Smith free to spend most of their time on taxonomic work. Blake is finishing off a revision of Melaleuca & is working on Blechnanthus, & a honey flora of SE Queensland. Smith is in the rain forest - Colani. Everist has proposed for official approval a hand- book of the Queensland flora to be prepared by Blake & Smith in 15 years. One of three new women graduate assistants is working as Librarian & is cataloguing & arranging the books & periodicals. Everist feels his own influence, but he is a fair wine. At the Museum the same old furniture order prevails under Graepe Mackie's direction. His only scientific assistant is Woods, a young geologist & palaeontologist (M.Sc.) who has been there three years. Oldham, previously of Papua, has been affording photographer within the last year a darkroom is in process of being filled out. Since 1953 two or three replica cases have been installed, & a new type - tried semi- diorama. The preparators need training in modern techniques. Brisbane now has a hot, pea population & street traffic has increased greatly in the past two

There are not many traffic lights & the average driver has no thought of giving a pedestrian a break. It looks as if Australians will continue to be a lean, agile people. A very few big cars are seen. Mostly they are the small Holden, made in Australia by General Motors & Australian capital. The taxis, too, are very small. There is little room in them for baggage, so the driver puts four boys in the trunk, a charger extra for it. Yesterday I had a heart-warming experience in Sydney. I had had to bring my own bags downstairs at the hotel. The morning was slightly hot & muggy & I was uncomfortable in a suit I had worn all the way from New York. Took a Taxi & the TAA air terminal, the air line (free) bus out to the airport. Was part way out on the bus when I realized a new Zeica M3 camera I have from the National Geographic was missing. I had been carrying it tucked over my shoulder & thought I must have left it at a Carter court at the air terminal. A call from the TAA office at the airport brought the information that the camera had not been picked up. Then I saw my Taxi driver of earlier in the morning. Three hours after me, he found the camera in his back seat, tried to find me at the terminal, the driver out to the airport. He did not want to take the £20. I gave him. Sat-Funday. Went on a visit to brother Eric at Sprwick & overnight at Aunt SETT's at Toowoomba. Back in Brisbane ca. 9-10 PM Funday. Much rain is rait in Toowoomba. Townly deluged with abnormally high rainfall all this year. Springs breaking out through the pavement of Mitch in Toowoomba. The other Villan drove down from Sydney to see me.

7 Thursday Mar. 12: Newspapers here have much to say about the weakness of the Arab-Israeli situation darkens, but most of the criticism is done with a light touch which might be deceptive to a stranger. The flavor of the radio's, too, is different from that of the U.S. & some things seem a bit incongruous. Evenings from a local station before breakfast today: "Saw shillings on turned field at Woolworth." "Miracle bra that lifts you to higher heights." Yesterday, crowds of browsers often waited in the rain at the airport to see the arrival of what one paper calls "any-and-some" crooner "Johnnie Ray," from the U.S.A. Today the town is at the feet of the "American Wool Princes," Ollas Patricia (from cotton-growing South Carolina), who is here with a return for Wool Week. Most of day spent on business in connection with my brother's estate. Called on H.C. Giblin, manager of Australian Estate, & R.M. Bean of Cotton Branch, Dept. of Agriculture & Stock. Giblin reflects the happy financial position of the cattle & sheep men. Giblin said the proposed dumping of U.S. surplus cotton has knocked the cotton out of the market for Queensland's small crop, which is sold to spinners in Southern States. The spinners have stopped buying. The industry here was nothing below the grade of "middlings", which in the U.S. a grade lower is acceptable. Spent the morning at sister Edna's. Tuesday March 13: Took letters, did some shopping, & worked out a ration list for New Guinea. Stopped awhile to see a demonstration of sheep shearing in front of the Town Hall. A replica of the interior of a small woolshed was rigged under an awning before the august entrance. Two men shone with machines, and an elderly man with

old fashioned blades. The shears caught the sheep in regular jaws. A mule about carried away the wool & left the (from swift). The fleeces were trimmed & graded by a wool classer in which smoke. Burns balded the wool at the shop. Only a few people were by Chester in watching the good Wool Week show. Wed. March 14: Australia seems to have practically abandoned the use of strong brown paper in the earlier age. After trying in the town to get some good hope for wrapping some artifacts (in sending to Tamara), I had to encourage some from the Carl: Botanist. After sending some old "curios" to Tamara for shipment to U.S. at end of expedition. Day spent in calls to Queensland & Herberton. Morning Go with Dr. D. Francis & Mrs. C. T. Whit at Kangaroo Point, Lunch with sister Edna, packing artifacts, & evening with Eric & Pete Humphreys at Camp Hill. Letter in from Gusty Miller, Norman God of Warrawby Sch., "A Big Meal of Woodlands Pol. Our cargo should reach Tamara on transshipment from Port Moresby by The Soochole about the end of this week (It left New York Jan. 15)." God offers every assistance & no does weak. The former work of caves to ME of Tewa Bay with Bob "like the grains of sand and big thinks", according to the nature report, which is encouraging. Would us to live with him at his place at 600 ft. the hills near Kulamadaw, near which are caves full of bats & human remains. Would offer 600" transplant & all the native color we need, including a good boy. God feels we might have trouble in getting carriers on Normandy. Thursday March 15: Day spent in final remarks, a second visit to the Museum, lunch with Denis Williams at The United Service Club. Russ' ship, The Pioneer Gen., is still scheduled to arrive in Brisbane April 1st, but the agent day

Privately in more likely to be the 3rd. Bookings for him have been made by Qantas for departure for Bali, Thursday 11.15 P.M. April 1, & by Nana Loochow scheduled to leave March 29 but expected to be some days late. Further than this, matters are in the able hands of Denis Williams in Brisbane. I will call him from Bali Thursday when I find out the local situation as to transport possibilities at Tamara. There are five planes a week from Brisbane to Bali, but only one regular plane for ya night or to Tamara. The Loochow usually takes about nine days a mail Tamara via St. Marys. The weather here continues showing a not so uncomfortably hot as when I arrived a week ago. Bali, Thursday Friday 3/16/56 : Left Brisbane a midnight last night on Qantas "Bird of Paradise" DC4, stopped down in Townsville, I arrived in Cairns 5.30 A.M.- will be before daylight. Then to meet me were the girl Babs, Bruce Brooks, Tom Dubbs, Ernie Flaherty, & Wilf Reed who all came to see them all. The recent cyclone blew of- Mighty good to Cairns, very little rain, about 30% of the to 93 soft in Cairns, very little rain, about 30% of the sugar cane crop flattened, damage will be heavy. The roof blew off the Babs' house, but them being hardly any rain, damage to possessions was small. Left Cairns 6.30. Grissell boarded plane then. Arrived Bali Thursday 9.10 A.M. Smooth flight. Was met at the airport by Justa 2% Townsday Department (We Adam is on leave), & then to meet Grissell & me were, Agent- David (Entomologist), & Ken Hale (animal ecologist, with main interest in herpetology) of the D.P.I. of Agriculture. Spent a visit to port offices, under the wing of Futtee, who came from Queensland only last January. First called on Wilson, Assistant Administrator, then Don Graves in District Services (formerly A.D.O. Tamara), Hands Office for maps (Mr. Jones), Dorothy Thoms

(Man) Pathologist, who visited us in Florida last year). Grahamstown, Thief Collection of Fossils, Cardiac reception everywhere. Government will be helpful. Wilson, a new (ca. 1 pm) appointee, a very gracious man. Associate Grahamstown (Known to me since 1935) showed me a special archive which, after 16 years we had with Western Ontario in 1958, was granted to permit the first entry of specimens & materials, for scientific purposes. We submit a written request under this arrangement. Then some time at the Forestry Dept., looking at air photos of the mountains of Penzance Island. It is extremely rough country for the most part, broken by great joint-line precipices. The highest peak (6800 ft. 2100 K. Kilimanjaro) looks especially difficult. There is not much forest or a summit of very limited scope. Mt. Maybole (5615' (ca. 6000' on some maps) offers more scope & much mossy forest. It looks a little precipice, with approach from Taygman Bay. Then appears to be a small patch of grass on the very summit of Kilimanjaro. Agui: I am a refugee Hungarian, now an Australian citizen. Primarily a lepidopterist, but evidently well grounded in Zoology in general; a man of very pleasing open, but thing personally, apparently very good mind and held several fellowships in various parts of Europe. I was out of his home country when it became involved in World War II. His wife & daughter still in Hungary. Man. 17: Mr. Bank of N.S. Wales, Manager, David told me about the strike of petroleum gas we heard about in the U.S. a couple of months ago. This was at KEURU, Vernonia River. It belonged to Australian Petroleum Co. Was being drilled by an American contractor. Shut trouble at that of bore when trying to make up line, I met taking proper precautions, the gas was struck unexpectedly at 950 ft. (The first bore in the area). Great flow. Bore was capped, & the gas blew out in several places close to the bore. An expert team from the U.S. had a look at the situation. They were hired. An oblique hole is now being drilled to tap the gas & reduce pressure in original hole. Gavi has sent out two

pocket offices to determine water land ownership in the Neura area. Oil company doing a hydrographic survey of rivers. The which thing takes very important. Oct. 16th. 17: Talked at Steamships Trading Co., when 9 past 1pm. Mr. Mitchell & I gained about the forthcoming sailings of M. Tsuchiwa, which left for Tamansi the afternoon with our cargo (eg. Pioneer Ref. from New York Jan. 15). Talked with Arthur Davis, of Bank of N.S. Wales (see above). John Warner by Forest Department, arrived by air from Tae in morning. After lunch, with two young men from his department, we drove first to the Brown River, then to Poruna Falls. Tame nice forest, which John calls in intermediate between rain & mountain forest, in Brown River Valley a flat ranch. Said to have 1000 of deer, alluvial soil. Some cutting being done. A good small nursery of Larch (Larix grana) on river banks, when there is a forest survey camp. Road stops (formed & gravelled road) at the Brown, when a bridge is in early stage of construction. 8 mile track goes on to the Vanasa River. Tony Low Stan is to carry the road to Bulldog, Takikama River, it cannot with the now abandoned wartime road which came over the central ranges from Tae (a Man). Pat Thornby present water supply is pumped from the Taloki River; said it be sadly insufficient when river is low in dry season; pumps also give from 16. 14 hydro power installation about to be built some miles down the Taloki River gorge from Poruna. Power line (3 wire) from the Power Plant at St. Maryby. Horn Brooks on the outskirts of the generating plant; transmission line built by Commonwealth Dept. of Public Works. A British aluminium company is still on a hydro survey of the western rivers which was in progress in 1958. Told it now be somewhere west of the Taramani.

Sunday March 18: Lay open on an excursion to Mt. Maranta about 9:30 & returned about 6:45. Traveled in Administration vehicles: a timber touring car, a jeep, a Land Rover, & a big jeep - like thing made by Stanley Personnel, beside myself, Tim Grummitt, Eric Pharo (entomologist from the Solomon's, specially interested in Hemiptera & scale insects), Ezra Than, Joe Spent-Brang, Gabriel Keleny (Plant Introduction Officer, & another Hungarian). Ken Hole, Bill Reed (Fisheries officer), John Wormesley, & one boy, Vince Sanders. Sanders has a lease of 600 acres plantation land where Pierre Philip & Co. had a coffee plantation said it have been abandoned in 1908. He also has a licence to cut timber on 35,400 acres, mostly open Eucalyptus forest. Ran forests in patches, including an Eucalyptus body in the thick, narrow valley of NARIGOGO Trek. Off Mt. Hembele on the Togean road above Pornea Talb. Continued in other vehicles to a yard & camp on Narigogo Rd., There was 16 miles to ca. 2200 ft. near the left of the range, where Saunders has a second camp. Walked from there to ca. 2400 ft. at the very treeline area that was the coffee plantation; Then forced back, chased by heavy rain. At the lower camp on the Narigogo, collected Torrent- kola or submerged a pinnate rocks & living tree roots. Mll. c.a. 1500 ft., finds Saunders. Photographed Dendrobium [illegible] at ca. 2000 ft. The Narigogo stream flows into the Taloeki River not far above Pornea Talb. Eucalyptus bicolornis, the principal tree of the open forest; E. confertiflora abundant locally; Togean dred gum, probably a form of E. calba, also present. Casuarina papuana? common locally on savanna, & in the fully rain forest. Banksia & Traville sophiana (?), also on savanna forest. Wormesley saw Castanopsis in gully forest at 2200 ft. Mond. Mar. 19: A very hot day, spent at Honedoba & doing business in Town. Tourist of Gisholt Fisheries, a wholesale fish department is called after a recent re-shuffle of the Dominion Fisheries, had no information on any of the islands we wish to visit. Henderson, Helinj Kirecta, Chief of 1893 collection, was as candid as it seems possible for him to be. His records

13 Permits, we should collect what we want. A Nomination of H. Psychotra, we radio Agriculture, P. Mornby, particulars of collection. Agriculture will arrange with Customs for an export permit. Julius, Scot. Anthropologist, did not say outright that he wanted duplicates of anthropological materials, 181 and I think we send to meant A.D.O. list of them collected, with localities; A.D.O. will obtain anthropology's permit to export will be issued from there. Copied up small maps of Misima & Woodlark from Tand Dept. (free of charge). Phoned a personal call on Claude Champion, who is now Assistant Director, Dept. of Civil Affairs (part of which used to be District Service Dept.). Evan Champion, Native Lands Commission, was away in Rabaul with a U.N. inspection party. Registered as an alien (with Customs Office). Submitted to Chief Collector of Customs, Gahamansaw a written argument for the duty-free importation of our equipment & supplies. Dennis Ryan of B.P.'s told me Friday that Bob. Barr- well of "Tarr Air" would be willing to delay his flight to Tamara on Friday April 6 to meet Ron Peterson on a Panair plane arriving from Brisbane. Barrwell was expected to be in town the afternoon, & I arranged with Bob that Peterson for a talk with him, but the meeting did not eventuate. Radiotelegraphed & wrote Denis Williams to meet the April 6 plans if necessary. Lewis of Bank of New South Wales took me to The Papuan Club after office hours, I then met old- Timer James, Barnes, Be Green, Trist, etc. Tuesday March 20: Out of bed at 3.45 A.M., breakfast at 6 o'clock. Arrived Tamara 8.10. High peaks of Manu Range obscured by thick clouds, & we flew through showers much of the way. Much vegetation on cliffy coast of east end of mainland covered by spray from recent high seas. In Tamara, our cargo is in Customs Bond. Paintings have Lionel Connell lined up a transport man. Our boys from Ferguson & Goodenough.

islands are due to arrive about the end of the week. Discussed our plans with Clifton Barrett, acting District Commissioner, who looks back more like a clerk than a field officer. He knows nothing about the islands, could not turn up any useful factual report on Ferguson Island, our chief subject of discussion. He will contact E.T.M. Rutledge, A.D.O. We'll suggest that I write to him. Our first remittance of $5,000 (E 2715-0-1) has arrived at Bank of New South Wales. Bank manager is M.H.Y. Kedden. Bob Brennan has sold his house. Dusty Miller's guest room is occupied. I am staying at the "Guest House", run by Mrs. Hansen. Very crude. No sinks, a wash toilet in rooms. We water in one of two common bathrooms. No hot water. But the food seems good. Dad dined with Dusty & Stella Hall. Cliff Brennan, visiting insurance man, also him, & Mr. Scribber. Scribber has recently opened a Trade Store at MARAMOINA.

Tamarai Thd. March 21: Rain from about 3.15 P.M. to 7 p.m. Thick wreath after that. 14 Estiling was presented from calling on a flight from Portland (with U.N. Colgate) to take to Dai- Monshy a woman (Mrs. Bruce Hamilton) danger- ously ill with a gangrenous leg. Engaged as transplant man at £70 a month Lionel Everett, Palman born & reputed to be a Good fisherman & linguist. We knew him as the master of a small ship in 1953. He wrote April 17. Part of day spent on paper work - going over maps & notes with Lionel, after writing, etc. Part at guest house Bruce Hamilton, born on Woodlark Island, author of "Folk Tales of the Fugitive Waggon," is now manager of Bili Bili Plantation. Rather drunk, I not well thought of in town, because of neglect of family. He gave me an autographed copy of his book.

Thursday Mar. 22: Another wet morning. More letter writing. Formal application made for release of our cargo from bank. Kelly, Customs man is in measles quarantine & Paul, school mate is acting Collector. El radio about the cargo went to N.T. Monday yesterday. Talked by radioshow with Peter Ryan of B.P. in Thursday & had confirmation of an arrangement for Barr this to meet Rus Filmoni plane on April 6- if Rus arrives in Monday then. Boomer (left). To dinner with Mr. W. Collrell - [illegible] (of Agriculture). Pleasant evening at their house on south shore of island. Boomer was formerly director of the department in P.N.G. Has had experience in Malaya & Tonga. Has two assistants in Tamara. Doing much planting of pilot plot of coffee - mainly arabica, some robusta. Runs extension courses for aboriginal natives from as far distant as the tip. Also concentrating on the growing of dry rice as a native food crop. Mrs. Boomer is a sister of Nick Healy. Boomer speaks of Woodlark Island as having a rich & in some ways peculiar flora, with similarities to country about S.A.M.P.O., or Fiji person ? Friday Mar. 23: Still somewhat rainy in AM; breeze continues SW; many dark cloud over mainland mountains. Tonga released a moved into Bering's bulk store, in same position as 1953. Glass 1/4 of the 17 crates unpacked. Bering's have loaned me two good boys. Called at Collrell-Boomer's office & he loaned me copies of his maps on Woodlark Isl., etc. D.C. Clifton - Barrill. I found my Tamara Study 34 a N. Torossack Archipelago. Tamara wrecks in sultry, but temperature (82°F. May. today) are not too oppressive except in Bering's bulk store, where G. Swaled officiated today. A new arrival at guest house today was a Tonga,

April 30. Left Warkhamma at 7.15 until 18.30. We carried about 38 loads, including me for carriers, but there is not a precise organizer and (ultimately, more carriers offered than were needed). Some carried light loads. Eight were for SARATAITAI on the east side of the island. LEBUDOWA River reached at 7.30 (about 1 mile). Crossing it (one time), we started up a long steep slope I reached Teddy Ballantynes former gold workings on BUATAI Creek at 9.20. 881 ft. 250 m. The forms & tracks of Prospector (P. decora) a little below this. There well marked Full rain forest. Track very bushy (considering it with moderate (all). Played over an hour I had drink of tea while the carriers cooked rice. 10.45. Moved on (all 280 m.) left creek a few hundred yards then fairly steep climb in forest (not slope generally gradual). 12.20, 580 m. Forest of small trees in which Eucrydium appears; many surface roots; scrambling shrubs (bamboo & a climbing Macfadenia). Rain forest. 620 m. First oak noticed in the stunted forest (it was cut by May a week ago). Thimble tree. Not a change in regular mid mountain forest. 650 m. B/Tuno conjugate growing (beside a 30 ft. Eucrydium which Ted & I could climb to view Teewa Bay on this reconnaissance. 660 m. Subtlet change in thicket (most of Eucrydium & small-leaved angiosperms). Mistle Tohagama on ground, scrambling Tyreecephalum cernuum, a (budding) was growing in moss on one tree. 780 m. Rockwall Knob. Coast & a small thicket. Overlook. They form a change in good tall forest. Mark camp. 316 about ½ mile ahead. OBIA prominent to right. 710 m. Eucrydium (most) and did a steep, small rocky stream. 2.15 (I). Camp reached. Travel, most of our own (log, d a fine first carrier ahead of me. Will 730 m. Camp in

PABINAMA Mountain in which appear to be two "many feet" forest confectionaria (will be seen from the airplane and Rhododendron flourishing on edge of camp). (Camping. Alt. 81° 6:30 760m. Tom must from end of Cinnamon mis reviewing. Two fly & live but rigged, a frame shelter (for cook from Good Girl ground. At City man (Garny) will open up, a good view of the coast & the S. edge of Tredingough Bay on the mainland. East & West did an excellent job in opening up a route from Ballantyne Farm), & picking the camp. etc. On their move, but East made camp altitude 736m. Third 7,770 ft. The seam to be only a few hundred (i.e. 700) feet below the summit of the sharp-ridged Pabina mountain CB19 (32,00' on the 1

Wed May 2: Very high clouds in afternoon. A Only rain. Mist towards evening, etc. (6 at daylight) (5.197) (at 10 am. during through). Peak of 15 slope of PASINAMA & the end of 14 Cut backs at 805 m. (ditto in camp when 5.6/1 730 m.) Then cut to crest at 885 m. (Vale 340 m.). Climbed Down then on a south of the crest. 26 myriums of Nola (agace) & other broad-leaved plants with Styphelion & Lonicera carpogalata, a great erect Gleichenia from formed in 1783 on Mr. Dagman & Tocqueville's Rd., 8 including above it on the S. slope an open stand of Eucryphium climbed to 3-5 m. It filamentous and fimper conspicuious on branch 6/4 of the crest. Blocks obtained distant views from the crest; but got a glimpse of the RUNAMIA promontory. Mt. OBIA (2,880) magnetic; a courtyard peak appearing about equal in height was 140° rounds of an age, probably in camp, 305°. North end of NUKAKATA Island 185°. The beach was a good find. Collected were several trees of the 'many fern' unfamiliar to me. An abundance of sheltered Scandent (can't too in forest generally of open canopy, probably as a result of damage by hurricanes winds years ago. Ran (followed it) back at 10 afternoon & now in for an out of 6.5 hr. crest. Mammal signs (?) include sprouted yellow clay under moss—Cleft that parts, & what looks like runways. Much shooting into it while finished the last night: 2 Nyctinomus. Thursday May 3: Mist on & off a good part of day after 2 PM. Botanized down to back in the shunted, open, heavily wooded Eucryphium (forest). The conifers only 8ft. high at 1° east; Physochidia & Mycody by lane (very about 3/4in) comma 16 branches. 18 Pachyphyllum, in

Brown, was beautiful as a tree 5-6 m. tall. 28 On the pages thin also; not seen in general, & seemingly different from the one found on 14th yesterday. Another Wolffia thin there too, looking like N. minima but The mossy flower or a characteristic of that with wavy margins. Often wedge (#23656), with green stem, usually several meters long, a mixture in the forest; a glauca, tall, sharp-angled Telenia also. Climbed a Eucryphium at ca. 750 m. & made photographs of Mt. OBYA. To east took some bearings from camp: Buckers Island 302°, Annie Bull Island 26.2° Magnetic. Turned the weekly PBY 2 in flight toward Tamaran. Found brittle grey, short-tailed Rattler, apparently different from the lowland species, caught in brush. Thumb bay, went down to stripes to shoot for the 1/50, returned with an blue pigeon & an old male Panamian deer. The parotin bird prepared as a skin by Ron. Friday May 4: Occasional clouds over a mountain from about 8 AM; showers, some heavy, c. bout 11 h.45 a.m. That stormy night (8/1917). Saw some trees below camp cleared today to give view of coast. Traveled typhoons including islands off Baco Bay coast, West end of Ferguson, & all the Neck of Goodenough. Found at dusk 2000 feet a signal two small vessels in sight; no response. Botany: In a small creek less than 1/4 mile on the steep slopes to Mt. OBYA. Nice lot of fern including Vanderboschia, Erythrosorus, & a second Erythrosorus for the locality. Two very interesting small mushrooms here, one will curiously enlarged calyptra. Endangered plant is long, fragrant white Flowered Last night, 2 a Cebosoma from a many tree today by Ron.

But collected small flowers of the McTavish grass. first grit in the Easby claim (east of 7900 m. i think a small campfire lies in full many (camps). Nothing in brief. Nothing shot. Nothing from Lionel; might come. Tinker returned from McKenzie with a 45 lot of mail, including a letter written by Broff Take. One from the Rev. Trowell of MENAPPI with that "in 1896" be followed one mail of. VIII Mansan, camped two nights at one #7 Tank, from there went to the summit. Glad to have camp in but it along my collection & exciting. Thursday May 7: That night, mist obstructions & sharp showers from about 9 to noon. Clear & mostly the Trenches very happy; wind from 19-20 miles an hour, from North East. May 6th, min. 18°C. Botanized up to the crest & then, with small north (wind & rain) made a few plants. The crest above seems 4 to the 3000 ft. summit of the peak, although I have never on these visits had clear enough weather To see all around. Two Myceliums shed from falling trees at camp, during night by rain. Eight Pagonomy cut from willow tree, four from a bit above camp, three by The mammal boys, then from about 300 ft. below camp, by Francis & his boy. Measurements indicate the species the same as on the foot-hill of WASHINGTON. Yesterday's mail brought word from Printing, That they expect it send a boat to move us to Ferguson Pdt. on the 19th a 20th. This a day or two earlier than I asked. #Have Thomson decided to move End driving down to the coast on Saturday if carriers are and lifted available. Saturday is market day at the coast. When page mailer taken? Then refers to the Goods store, etc. 3

Tuesday May 8. May 26. Min. 19 C. Portentous weather, wind whistled the tent all night, accompanied by mist & some drizzle. Wind somewhat abated by the afternoon. It was Went down to basin about 700 m. (6.18 m. by my animal a little 30) & then collected the oak trees on the way up. Flowers only, it's only a nuttallian tree in a rather thundery windy rain forest. Nothing of special botanical interest although the first Fragaria for the hill collected. Big species with soft, almost mammal leaves & yellow flowers. A good day for mammals. A Nyctereutes that last night by Zenas on his "station." Two gray rats in traps set by Ries' boys. Four Bajonarangos cut from a tree by Zenas & his boys, plus Tithonia. The fringe was a brown Phascolopod baffled by the coats; many at animal; & small, pencil drawings by Ries. Wed. May 9. May 27.5. Min. 19 C. The westerly wind not so strong, but continued through last night. Went still from 14 today, went much of time; light sprinkles from one o'clock through afternoon. Threw to the summit of PAPALOPODIUM for the fourth time to make pictures. Eventually got several half misty ones of O84 with East Cape under its south shoulder. Few plants collected. In afternoon sent boys into the Bajonarango forest for an orchid with spotted leaves which grows here & there in the Bajonarango ground more. It turns out it is a Papillopedium (?), of which a species collected by me in the Belen Valley in 1895 was such a prize that it was named for Queen Wilhelmine. The Tithonia Cliff (probably) flowers much damaged by insects (?). Another good day for mammals. The fringe The boys a black Bajonarango from the small stream SSW camp. A Ratler able to help. Zenas will down & Nokaiwasa to arrange for carrier for Saturday. Thursday May 10. May 27, min. 19.5 C. Third drift still from N but wind down to a gentle breeze. No mist in camp. Mr. Ries. Bajonarango named coming in to

Sunday June 3: Overcast morning; heavy rain most of afternoon, ceasing towards dark. An unpromising outlook for our planned transport move in the morning. This is the fourth day of bad weather in a row. Everything but our swage and the cock's box and pots and pans is packed tonight. Including 150 lbs of rice for the road there will be 47 carrier loads, 37 of which will be going on from Agamoia. Lionel leaves early in the morning for Napamoiwa and I will take over the transport man's duties. Today Rus finds himself practically out of flashlight batteries (only 10 new ones on hand for four weeks of field work remaining to be done on the island). Here at Imelele we are in a radio reception blank spot for the Samarai transmitting station. We have no information on boats or planes. Therefore, if the manual department is to function, Lionel must do the 6-hour walk to Napamoiwa, get on the radiophone to Samarai, then walk down the south coast 6-7 hours to Ailulusi and from there climb the mountains to our proposed camp. If next week is fortnightly paane week for Esa'ala, the batteries can be flown there Tuesday and we can send a messenger (3-4 days and a ferry trip across Dawson Strait) for them. There might be a boat coming in this direction. Tomorrow will tell. Mails will go out to Napamoiwa in the morning, my corrected galley included. Monday June 4: Rain & F.C.P. Barracks at 9:15 AM till 3 (carriers arrived AGAMOIA 1:10 PM. Many island walk. Fortunately the weather held fine. Back to base 11 reach of Pamilia. Thoughts of carriers. Barracks were for SAINTS TO (9) and IMELELE #1 & #2. Read VC 1 from Fadomu's Samarai #2. The Taitoga councillor who went with Lionel 4/ to MATELE back & also on his application 1 last week. Racked FAGULU 10:16; very hot over the thermal area. From followed alluvial flat through tall ferns; way carried across 3-4 small stream still running though from yesterday's rain; back muddy, under water in places. In 20-30 minutes from Fagulu entered fine tall forest on rising ground; many great (Gan) cliff. Cocoyas; ground stay at WAIKILUA. At 11:33 radio at the hill stream seen after crossing an area of moderate & mottled savanna. First had going (followed this). At 13:53 come to the crest of a narrow ridge at a place when old coconut farm marked the site of a former village; fine view of Lake LAVU & the Athabascan of the Nkosi (Bhikia); Cays climb for drinking water - very welcome; altitude 280 m. The lake shown on the 1 mile map is actually an island in the lake. Small islands of many vegetation affect in the lake edges marshy. Racked NIUBUKA 2:03, lunch 3:00 (many canoes did not arrive until 3:45); perhaps half dozen houses; good road house (baracks); 276 m. & the high point on road. (Rusky)

39 52 Talai NICHOLAS S.C.S. Hamlet of LEGOA AKAMIT, 3-4 abandoned 1/4 hour, 680m, 3:40. Part of the same distance through very steep manus ridges; small path in tall primary forest; much obstruction. Briefed down through the primary forest to KILATI Track, 160m, q.t. 3:35. Talipale hamlet on low east bank. Growing here was a young Franciscan, ca. 30 ft. hgt., said to have been washed down as a seedling by a flood. 1961/7/2017 a village of about a dozen small houses & a dilapidated mission church (Methodist). Took rest hour, but small for our needs as a collecting camp. Very friendly people of c. 18 VC's Central councillor, also 3-4 older men than one of us sees. The women were busy cooking food when we arrived & Toward evening brought 22 for them were pots of rice & sweet potatoes; paid the government price asked, 1 shill per pot. Through forest for our 36 carriers, 9 "company" boys, 8 chargers on (or supper's breakfast). Mile 210 m. East Taitaba to shoot a wellaby for the carriers; saw three, got none. The AM at 6:15. Kizani, with CALUMNIA carrying a 6ght mug, 6ft. Tuesday June 5: Only 6 of our 37 carriers of yesterday were willing to go on to the mountain camp, despite an arrangement with Licenti that they would do the whole trip. I discovered this last night, fell in 16 carriers & talked through him. The good. Then (we asked) I was promised 25 Carriers by the Uganda V.C. People want 16 of per day. Local carrier late in turning up. 8:15. It was 7:30 before I fell away with 25 locals (6 of them women). The 6 remaining Taitaba. The local councillor carried full loads; Taitaba councillor with us. Road followed the Uganda river ridges at a little way Then climbed through primary rain forest to cross the KILATI at 7.22 am. (Uganda 170 m. in the AM). BUDACHAFATUGONA hamlet a few banks. WA-10 hammer of 3 hours, 8:30. Mostly steep climbing from then on, with shaft. - Mpu OIWAQIA (field Taitaba councillor) across the Drai at 6ft. Mt 10:30 marked off of 700m. where the track left the cross of the thin one had been following. Big Franciscan tree in cuts forrest (cuts for ca. last 100m). Very steep steps descended on a very narrow path back to a rocky small stream at 650 m. Reached stream 11:00, ahead of carriers. Tracked off for 2 hours. First water. Bank riffly. Night showers as we rested. Camp at 1780m. marked at 1:20 after a very steep 25 minute climb from stream. Good ground. Cots provisioned.

8 compasses by brama under surface of their canoe, in wet looking forest 80-100ft. high. Bank on a nice bend about 50 ft. from centre of the stream Elgamora-Morima divide. Paid off the local carriers at their request - 2 carried Rmby 50 lbs. rice. 3 c. Sky G.P. for the village (100) mid-afternoon (President, The Three councillors, the MIRIBOYA policeman (carried loads)). The two fly, 4 may but rigged before dusk, & the boys finished making their sleeping platforms well above the ground. Gun drum of Kerema is somewhere between here & Jamale. Borrowed a very small hurricane lamp (German) from one of the Taihaka carriers - it was in good by 7 o'clock. The last two days have been strenuous. Wednesday June 6: Heavy rain, with Thunder, throughout much of the night after 11 o'clock. Rain on & off, with rather strong wind, all day, hampering the work of rigging camp. Paid the SAIIBOYA carriers - paid the councillors a present of £1 after breakfast; they cleared and over the crest of the divide on a visit to the Morima coast. Broke off supervision of camp construction to examine the divide above us. Bank altitude when 8.6ft was 775 m. by aneroid, Camp right camp, on the crest, a few to the west, 800m. It recedes in the divide to the south, under a peak much higher & bigger than some our slight summits, 750+ ft. In this gap the nation have cut a fly-way which they net for pigeons. A section can stretched across the fly-way has small bunches of dried grain attached to it. Watching motion, shocks the ratten, The attention of the pigeons is caught as they fly over, & they go into the net. Animal carriers arrived at 8:50 & at 11 o'clock. Rmby arrived from Elgamora; had 16 carriers & Three 3ft Councillors, journey of 6 hours. Carried by 18 Pansale men. The 11 loads 9.6ft at Tamale on Monday, hauled Elgamora's about 2 PM yesterday for 166 for Rmby's own car. Nothing in 30 miles put out 166 yesterday. 18 whinnies of many cicadas ("Cicadae cichlites"?) at 8 min. 15.6 P.M. Thursday June 7: Rainy & greatly wind of last night. Keen wind from NE in morning; high constant 8 C.N.T. for all day; some mist in the life 106 afternoon; no rain at night/11.

41 24. Final arrived from Wapangawa about 10 AM, leaving left at UKESKEO (UKAIOKAI of 1 mile out) on the Shama coast. Had 12 villages consulted to a committee with him, the MACHIA, who was Shandi's last boy on the Fly River in 1936-37. Maka's Land I was here came up to see me. Lionel walked up The following weather in early morning kept me close to camp. Collected in the immediate area over 30 minutes. Mostly came Victor, but a nice Tapajos of the steps, a Cyclophora, & at least six orchids including a brilliant orange & yellow Blandiaria of which I made class of color plates. "Forest" of ants, as of the upper slopes, dominated by an oak made conspicuous by three under-leaf surfaces. Tall Araucarias prominent, a crash of rain Nothing in 125 troops got last night. The parking. All day light. The morning, & yesterday too, heard the level of chimneys down the slopes to ca. north. The cicada Tuesday, June 8: Fine day until 3 PM when mist settled down at camp. Went & tarred with a little after clouds. A few sprinkles with the mist; better if (the sky sometimes showed through) in a clear. Travelling began to round at 3:55 PM; we rounded from them this morning. They do not begin their evening chores with an after-lead, shall not, as on the mainland. Lionel cut a direct track to the top of the first. I heard picks in the rock; he did not carry the onward. I followed an old, very bad native track which circles around the N side of the first peak. In rain (frost), nothing of great a cost. Track very narrow with steep fall, & much dangerous by slipping the roots. Next one fall. One Tommy Gray hat (Shallan) in hope last night. From Bongoronga cut from a low boring. 175 troops out tonight, including a sheet hit will meet him in camp; & we not help set or lose in camp.

Three women & 3-4 small boys & girls, stopped at Loven a two in camp. en route FRIVANA on to MIRINA Coust. In NGAAMCID. A woman from there without escort. A man & his son & a dog, pass spear, came up from the Marine coast. The Army is satisfy he currently about us, & went back after a meal of rice. Tel. June 8: En mist cloud about continuously from c. 8-4. Clock. Heavy rain 1-1:30 AM. Then in the evening (Thunder away right time we have been here). Mist c. 5E. Potentiated restwatch along the crest line cca. 1½-1½ miles by a new track cut by Kieran yesterday. Highest elevation 850 m. by aneroid, which must be wrong. We will have to see the marine charts for all details here- about. The 1:10 map is just unreliable (for any- thng). A Sickleman probably the most important plant collected. Several more orchids. Two H. Nepenther. Final cut further along the ridge crest in the clouds, reaching 850 m. by aneroid. Another Tommy pray vol. in cca. 175° true east. From Pogonangs cut from one tree by R. (boys). Three boys packed (a mother last night); Rose, for a while before clear, shot at two (60?). A comparison of Pogonangs total length measurements by Rose shows the Morrison animals to be much bigger than those of this island; The mountain (comes) bigger than the lowland on both islands. Photographed soon after sunrise. The newly opened views & The N. Francesines against the morning light. Clam, finished Tin afternoon; a grand view of the island from 190- May be to turn to Mr. Kithman (15 N slope) E. NE. Some Marima people brought 1 coconut, lime, & a few laro, fish & sweet potatoes. A well for refuoco. Three men with dogs came to inquire into the matter of hunting for us. Not 20pm I went on Sunday. The

offen 10/- for The Clark (anat walkaby (Boreopsi), which is said to be found sometimes in small streams in the mountains, 5/- for ceras & candicob, 10/- for its first Dartypetrida. A fresh supply of batteries from Tamara, expected today, did not arrive. By arrangement by Lionel and the ballihiphion from Majamoiwa, the "Kathleen Kedeluma" was slipped and I have dropped them at ALLUATI yesterday. The Moina people today said the boat had not arrived. Packng now being done on HING WAM "Five Rams" batteries made in Hongkong, bought at 4/- each by Lionel from Tribbles' back plan at Majamoiwa. This will be about their first effective night. Among today's plants was a fruiting specimen of an Aphylleic small-tree Rhedochlamys, just flowering, but with small fruits 17.5 to 18 cm. in length. Will pass much if they seem mature enough. Another Aphylleic small-tree Rhedochlamys grew beside the first, past flowering. On the highest open crest grows a Xanthomyces or a Broussonetia with small, pointed leaves — a "many-forest" element; but I would apply the designation to the forest as a whole (perhaps a clouded rain forest). Tuesday June 10: Clear, happy dawn. Showers, some heavy, from 10 AM through rest of day. Last night was clear to Tarry. Prolonged the hike 1000 feet down the HILLCUT — CHECKED Trail. Mostly good trail in a forest of a type in which some fine Astracanias grow on oak forest. Went as far as a ferry (Blackman) rest clearing, when rain & thick mist drove me back. 9off-hours walk back to camp. Two sk. of Tyloche (one of which was at 1360 m. in Goodnow) — the most in quantity of ca. 20 plants collected. But the proved an annoyance of work calling and high cost by Lionel, who sent word it would be carried on Monday week. Nothing in hope; no results from jacking last night. The day (a mammal) saved by the arrival, about.

44 5T Toilock, of a cheerful Marima man with 3 [illegible] cut from a tree & a young handicoot caught by dogs. Had a going on & two dogs with him. Came & went in rain. Will sleep in his village & come up with us when he has the canoe. Famil has a [illegible] not a ridge of camp tonight. [illegible] June 11: May 23, min. 19°C. SE weather of yesterday continues. Slept in the bush by 8 AM. Rain before noon & most of afternoon - on & off. Weather is hampering botanical field work. [illegible] happy conditions which are against photos of the fine view from camp. Collected this morning the fine Brancaria of the island. [illegible] looks like S. cunninghami but could be another species. Picked a small but old tree 30 m. tall X 72 cm. branch Chamaecyparis cypress, about half grown; [illegible] clear in color. Wrasse cliff pocked with the magpie variety of [illegible] by us & a very old Brancaria: a Rhododendron, a Myrmecodia, Telligera & one or two other species, one small white orchid & a little reddish [illegible] in flower, very fine (any of the latter). 18 grey [illegible] conspicuous on the old Brancaria. We mammals got in any way last night: 12 water hunters brought from somewhere down the Marima River [?way?] & never encountered two small handicoots. We & his son & two dogs & camped in a [illegible] on the ridge crest nearby. 180 out a dozen small boys & girls, & a couple of young women from the Marima River in camp this morning. The handicoot being got here is much smaller than the 2 specimens from Darrell. [illegible] cut for the along the coast & tracked [illegible] of a small shark. Walk 10/10 m. by the family annuloid. Clouds prevented his seeing out. Distance from camp estimated as 2½ miles or more. Tuesday June 12: May 23, min 15°C. Went on & off 9:30 to dusk. Any slight showers, but heavy rain (6 PM - 7 PM). SE continues.

45 28 Next day in camp, after collecting a palm fairy comma at a ridge crest. Resemble the coconut-like fr. of Mr. Robinsona, but not to tell; may be another species. Sent boys to collect down to water on the Mariana Ridge; c.a. 8-10 /1am4? near to collection. Photographed a Gail (Macropterus), & two archids (a white Lepidopterous & a small, dainty Flower). 29 Big Bram Bailey (2nd yll.) in boat, 2 Macropterus in. In wet at dawn (has happened to be standing there after being out with his flashlight), 4 cursus, a (canid) & 3 Platanus brought in by natives. The next day, I saw put a limit on cursus, which evidently are very few as a native & find with dogs. Throwing one released a Bacchispora & Backyphila. 8 found to-day a Bamboo from which most likely a Bacchispora bell reflected a fruit from holes produced in the wall of the intervals. Mammal Guy ISOLELE on his third consecutive day off duty with fever & a sore throat. Gave him 2 sleeping pills at 1AM to quiet his groaning, put him on a camogrin routine (beginning today (3 pill per week)). Wed. June 13: May 28.5°, rain. 18°C. Much rain through last night. Cloudy mist in mid-morning. Funny after that. S.S. cloud drift. The Left me in camp, preparing plants, to 10 o'clock, then went down water - Steel Ravine (a half way). Collected some good things, including ? Hypomelus/Aeacus, a comma Astridium, small Otamanacarpus of the undergrowth. Congrecarpus, etc. I have far more plants in hand than I can stay out; am more than a day behind in gathering specimens with the drizzle. The mammal girl last night: The native hunters carried back bought in this afternoon a fine bandicoot (blackish on back, such a shoulder, & 5 curios of various types. Have helped buying cursus. Victoria Taken to see what has become of the "Ridcluma"

46 35 In the battery she was supplied to have classified at Ditaalwai for us during the weekend. Birker departed 5:17AM for Mohanwari with a request for Tainby to get in touch with Brentings by radiotelephone. Trains went down to the coast at OCHICHEE and formed that the boat had called on them at a nearby Atalwai. About 10 small boys, several young girls, plus a committee from UKECHEE, bringing a fine caravan for a day but chilly to have a look at us. Thursday June 14: That, 9.7°, min. 16°C. Then, SE wind, most of last night; air quite chilly. Sky cloudy and misty today; no rain. SE rain. Walked down to the water-place pally to for a GNG way along the side of the mountain on the Elgamore trail. Been bog, mostly of ferns of the ravines, also an interesting Rubricaceae small tree with small white flowers. We mammals added a collection. Gyp1: a little mite (Palatuma) this last night in camp by bees. The Males went down the Momma slope for cob; did not sail. Tonight, the water-place stream is being washed for the first time. Traps were supposed to have been there from the beginning. Boys need more traps- over a than they are getting. Working a double shift on the danger in an effort to clean up accumulated plant collections. Friday June 15: May 7.3°, min. 16°C. Then, this night: no mist or rain in the 24 hours; weak SE & happy. Worked a specimen & mini. Boys down Wisconsin slope. They brought back only some addition to the collection. The locality is about worked out. I have Muleyngs in the new trap set on the stream, a Pityocaima pumilus in one of the two (61°) nets 21" in camp. Muleyngs is a game view for the island. We insectivorous (e.g., caught 30 or so in the three nights net) have been set on the hills. When they come furnished with

"ractor", is the printer's name, taking these notes to be equipped? One of the Province hunters who have been camped nearby returned this afternoon from a visit to the coast. Brought 3 small Gobonians from a cave on a creek near CHEEKEO, a Mycterium is a bad sort. We are in 12 lbs. of the deer which I passed by the evening; hunter has perhaps gone home for good. He had brought a neat lot of mammal, for the collection to an local values, has earned a considerable amount of money for himself (he has had a companion most of the time). The man has earned 60 lbs. of meat. Watched in amazement this morning, Doulele taking a good plot of bold rice after two days of illness and much groaning during two nights. He brought the remark from Tinkers: "When there (certainly not) talking, they're crock." Tinker walked into camp at 6.45 P.M., having left Mapamoiwa at 10 A.M., he says, a walked the first part of a bone in a mountain trail by flashlight. He brought mails. But instead of the flashlight batteries we need to badly, a carton containing four bottles of rum. A general miss-up. Not from Crosby, who is being relieved by another EMTA, with whom, apparently, he was having a party. The new EMTA was brought from Tamara by the medical vent HEKARHA, according to Tinker. This vessel brought one cargo, the KEDELENTII having broken down. Only 16 bottles were supposed to come on the Kedelima (to ALUCHEI, on the Maritime coast), a to eleven mammoth states (to replace started putting). I (weight) in New York) & 4 bottles of rum were to be sent by the vessel due to pick us up at JAMELEKE on June 27. East on the Kedelima was a crate containing 6 dozen plates & 16 Galleries, & a crate holding the rum. Crosby gave Tinker the rum; The Galleries are still at Mapamoiwa. Sat. June 16: May. 23°, min. 18°C. Light rain with heavy mist from dawn to about seven; mist to mid-morning. We felt the rain. SE Wrecks. Tinker, having been asked to go back to Mapamoiwa, departed about 8 A.M. with a girl from Tinket asking

that the battalion & 2nd day. Plates be extracted from the parking com 1 and each to camp with him. The HEMANA is supposed to return to Tamara tomorrow, I could drop Parker at Shiluwa in south. B.Tanged down the spur of a then by which an old path descends in the direction of MCBUTT. When additional from the last expedition via this mountain camp, mostly firer, including the first fertile Blaheg terrain for the trip, and a small tree of the Strabicae. One small gray Rattle in brook. Nothing jacketed, although Kim found two thick before daylight. Kim, are out before dawn, came across something in the forest, which must have been within a day at Barcopiriz, (not being a cock rather than an accomplished hunter, he had no shell ready in his gun & the Great 30' away. Gun 1953 employed, 1940, & several chickens up This afternoon from the Marine pick to receive one 3 Marine boys of them Saturday tobacco issue. But we are running short of tobacco & the boys were issued only one stick piece to give away, a while which is buy full - not. From Bay CILLOWITI sent to Tamale this 1947 to get a fresh supply of tobacco from one of our locked boxes. Tuesday June 17: May 23, min. 18 C. Foggy. strong gust of SE wind last night, creating Tel. Camp, a Forsdrough Tel. at 1553. Right rain will meet 5.40 to ca. 71917. Tem cleared co. 50/50 after that. Day devoted to digging collection & parking for Transfer to Olyamoria tomorrow. Tom's letters written. One small gray Rattle in brook. Zimori & Kim jacketed last night for me results. The short south-wester will make landing difficult in the off. and maritime coast. Obstacle complication in the camping situation. Flora 229, total members (including 58 byrophyte) for the camp. A nice lot of orchids & ferns. Few Trees in flower or fruit. The only well defined major community are the oak forest in which we are camped

49 65 in which covers the crest of the back (east) ridge just above camp. On the ridges left then the trees are only 30-40 ft. high? There is much moss on the trees & ground, especially in clefts around about the bases of the bigger trees, which dwarf? short with roots. The rain forest occupies the water-/soil ravine, when an abundant (delicate) undergrowth (the lianas) is present. On the higher (back) crest of the lighter forests of the back (east) to the east; the very merry, thinned (forest) carries much small- leaved Xanthorrhoea (or Eucaspermum?) th., or a restricting tree, but then are no oaks or beeches & the forest is perhaps a midget rain forest of sorts. Two Rhododendron th. (in fruit only) found in the very thinned from shrubby forest. Ephemeral? The terrain above the oak forest is too precipitous & the ridge too narrow for occupation by either oaks or I do not know. I found Xanthorrhoea on Goodenough & Fergusson Islands; I hoped to find it here. (One of the best things botanically is the fine Athemis associated with the copses on the crests of these ridges (mostly natural clearings) which go down to about 2000 feet. Including Eucalyptus from the Moravian count; & other Things brought in by native hunters, there are 62 specimens of species for the camp. (Bastin 12), Boganomy?, Melong, Eucalyptus, Macroglottis, Candalix?, Eucalyptus, P. Taurea.) The locality has been hot & insects. There was one rather good swarm night for moths. Very few butterflies were taken; only one big (tryphophy?) a small lot of damselflies mostly found in the forest or from water. Frogs have turned up well. Only one skink (like a th. in the Warmaby mountains) was found. No other lizards apart from a gecko picked at night. I do smoke Monday Jan 15: Heavy rain 4-7AM to around three; rain was still falling when 5-6ft? (camp will try her boys to collect on the way down to MCMATURA. Left the mountain Camp 7:30, arrived McMATURA 12:10. Several small thunderstorms on the way. Heavy rain after all carriers well arrived (c. 2PM - 3). Rain from SE.

50 LB Good fortune was with us today. At 6.18 AM Tinker turned up, with the 12 degree Cotterin that have given so much trouble & travelled about 100 miles of travel; he had slept at UKECHEE & a young Marma man was with him. Eight Marina men & several small Gays turned up, a little later to arrive in the carry. Will there, I came 20 from the AGAWI village. We had more than enough (had 30 loads, but somehow they were carried by 33 people). The carriers were still carrying at Ogawana when GUMUNDA waited in with an 8-pound horseshoe of tobacco from AMETE. During the Marina men was INOTOBBI, our cook on The Fly River Expedition, warning all over, but much emaciated as if through a wasting illness. It is good to have them old Gays of ours turn up in Day belle, a romance with our present Staff about old times. The journey down was only about 3 hours for carriers. Nothing was bad on the Tinker slopes, I had warm water than on the way up. Blad a lot of that cut in the hot gorge; most of the main cave food ridge. Much of the bottom through second growth rain forest on this old garden land up to ca. 1500 ft. Total: 4.18 Laval numbers on way down, bringing the total for the mountain trip to 247, march 1933. One of the Marina brought a fine Urengo, Gorgi for 5/-. The first we have for the island. Tuesday June 19: Cloudy day, heavy rain between 2 & 4 PM. Collected on a grassland patch up of 10-100 acres a short 2 hour walk ca. N of camp, 6 of pachyderm 800 ft. altitude. Treelike ridge east for a few widely scattered Sepianchea Trees (Pls. 6). Bram burn in both; mostly Ramette, with a dozen sprinkling of Tatalia, Taghium, Achiene, & a little Implicata in places. Rebo, Pariica, Hackdonsis, Malangin, Bichina, Phtharasace, Canna minorifolia, Trotalaria linifolia, etc. Low trees more included. 25 near from our mountain camp, then are several similar plants in the neighbourhood. Very hot on a fine ground after our walks in the mountains. Trent Jacking last night, shot a curious little a Sepianchea. Kim a census. Rain was falling up at 6PM, passed a willaby on the grassland field. We visited. Three Pogonangs (brought) from a Marina this afternoon for a stock of tobacco. & Tom Bopjattona shot the evening by Laver & Kim.

Thurs. June 30. Thawing as if off, [illegible] very slight, (only shower). SE wind. Clear last night. Polarized down to government trail to [illegible] Creek. The clear the bank of the creek perhaps 1/2 mile. Most interesting plant was an Echinopitys, a genus I have only seen on the mainland before. Will collecting them in vain (first) second branch of The recent Macaranga- other than types. A big Fern-leaved Clethra, complicated by its umbrella crown of coccob (Carnob.) Lunch, taking Tinkin, Gift for KEDIDIA (Gomera Bay, where Randal Erwinell has a two-acre coconut plantation) at 7:30 PM. Pansions of the long walk, partly to my camp 8 miles Improved camp locality at DEIDEI, partly to check up on Richard and his work. Physical expedition during the last two weeks, in the Glen movement. From Kedidia, packing goods. Last night were one Begonias 3 Philodendrons, 1 Palma, 2 Solanum, 1 Pachyphytum Tinkin get 2 Philodendron, 2 Platanus. Run that’s lost a couple of things. The big brown Rattler in traps. The skinning, wood was somewhat limited to scraper, by the loss of the 3 Begonias, I purchased yesterday. Run left them on his skinning table last night, so we doubt they ever eaten by some prowling village cat. The same day has been beautiful in another way for the mammal clip-a-brown. Run finds himself out of arrows; a lone. Not a thuggick gift. If he is not where his supply is packed at Pamelia, he will have to go down there himself tomorrow. The journey there & back will be at least 10 hours of walking. Run has broken the Tinkin carrying bad running wound, ended up with the shatter out of action. Thursday June 30. Thawing rain for a thunderstorm (again) 10.8 & 2 o’clock last night. Run for about an hour in mid morning. Thawed mostly covered. SE (wind) night. Run will GOLUMNA carrying a [illegible] & some sandals for him, Gift for Pamelia or day was lightning at 5:30. Returned at 11:45. Took 5 hours for the down journey, (2 for to up). Run in fairly good condition, though tired tonight. Will small boy IDAWANAVETA, son of the local mission Clerk, as guide, I went to take LAVE in the center valley of the island. Accompanied by rain, the down journey took 1 1/2

hours. Collecting on the return journey took 11 7½ hours. Followed from the TOTUBERI trail of the first of the grant land match a fresh track with many branches & an approach to the lake climbed over a low range of hills. Reached there at ± 5 p.m., when people from the part of the country have a fishing camp. There sheet - the. On a point of land ca. ½ mile E. W. was a native hamlet & in front of it a small subtriggy canoe on the bank. Throwing off women there, Men off, mainly away at the garden (a lot of activity here now in clearing new ground). Was informed with the efficiency to complete harmony with the environment of my small gristle. 100/ from 6 to 10 from It like we passed a new garden house occupied by a woman & her children (one of whom went first when he was away), then a small boy procured a firestick. 18° N. 10 p.m. at 10 p.m. by a ground-dwelling fire with the stick, found somewhere a part of line & a hook picked up a fish on the bank, & in me lime had caught a fish. By 11 o'clock, when I called for rice to be cooked for the boy's lunch, & my cat fully built, It 7 o'clock but the fishes of small table size. The offered my my choice. I took three of two different species as specimens. The will be killed by boiling with a stick, The clearest the string on its fins. The boat was a small, pole shrimp, caught in the roots of the "water where" (Pistia stratiotes); I have 13 or the others, plus 18 small damselflies from the many shore. On the following day botanically. I collected a bag of water lilies. The only two form (Pistia, a white Tamarindium, an amphibious Cyperus & a remarkable amphibious Tinjung 2 or 30) will very thick 3-angled stem.) Then for slack & water too slack where I was. All second growth rain forest from the grass patch to the lake. From big 16:18 p.m. near on the flat banks of Lihali Track. Ford sandy lawn. In wetlands I saw only a medium-sized May here & a pair of jacanas. No sight of a crocodile which are said to be very plentiful. Take off from well stocked with fish. Note small. Rock of the cliff shore looked like a schist.

53 Oct At the two mint red vehicle flowering Papea tree in the village, hoping for small flower-eating bat. One saw for several nights when Papyra flies near the tree which has pulled nothing. The flies fly around it as they would a bog stake, which is a matured woman. Friday June 12: SE weather continues, more or less wily. Rain enough last night to stop jacklight hunting. Then, shower between 1 & 2 PM. Tallied in primary rain forest (the only area I have been in the neighborhood) down the bank towards the grass point for min flyers including a cylindrical-fruited Sancta which looks like one I collected at WIMMELT & now at JAMELIE. A splendid and backed Marmica is plentiful. Very conspicuous, but silent. Some few other trees of first magnitude are present. A Macrorynchus & a Gobiana, plus a sunbird & another small bird in the (formerly) dry morning. Nothing in later last night. Jacking by Kim & Tzilich shielded by rain. Traveled around 4 PM from KEDOITI, a two - hour walk. Repeat good travel & gradual ascent through the SNAKAD! coming to the Talama River which I have previously crossed about three past 12 circles. The 7 hours travel through unhabituated primary forest. Crossed 20 streams occurred, 16 villages en route. Cannot report on outbreak of something, which is killing fish in the area of eastern Papea & from Goodwynn Island and a south through 16 T'amarasany. All residents on the radio circuit have had official notices about it. Official opinion is that the cause might be seismic or biological (i.e. "red tide" of French). Tovi: Volcanologist Taylor reported on his way to investigate. Met 3 of our boys from last night at a big feast & dance at one of the TUTUBEYA villages, 17 hours walk from here. Lionel, who passed through the village this PM, where a big affair with hundreds present, a great show of pigs, root foods, (all nuts). The climate comes tonight. Pabuaria appears to be the beginning of the Talakadi country. Here at Elgarania the affinities are with Togarulu.

59 47 Tol. June 23. No rain last night or today. Fine Thursday & dark clouds up valley in afternoon. My last day in the field here. Went up the mountain back To where it branches left to villages, the Yell again. [illegible] Second growth forest beyond the road fork. A tract of primary forest in a gully yielded a few interesting trees including bur Of Ficus - one with shining Tanzania-like receptacles. Begun large collecting. I have more material than I can carry with the one even I have with me. When continuing to collect in series of nights when the material is available. This Afternoon the 6 Travel visited a camp about a mile N down 1/2 miles from camp, to collect two Gobonias & 8 Euphorbicides carriers. Town is under a broad, shallow waterfall, about 1/2 mile N of the grassy plate. Tried to go in ca. 6:00. Have three sheet branches. Entrance in water worn deck. Rock said to be a sort of conglomerate. Name of Camp was NIBOTHIN. Tuesday June 24: Again no rain Carrying plant collection & picking up bundle for transport To the coast tomorrow. Have 82 numbers for this day of ammo for 12 camps. It goes nicely for me. Most of the plants is second growth A Wallaby a white-tailed Papiony - shot last night by Linder. Good, not jacking, confined for attention to Gab. [illegible] nothing. Boys, man- to 1/2 got saw this afternoon, returned with 10 more Euphorbicides. Saw boys leave off the afternoon to attend church. Service held at the regular time, but when the congregation assemble from rallying villages from metal object is banged as a signal. Other mission I have seen, at Pamela & St. John, have 10 Churches. Monday June 25: Back at Inelele I. Had a good fine day for the transport. I left Agamia at 7:20 with the intention of botanizing on the road and, lunching on a small stream about an hour the other side of Pagululu, arrived at Inelele at 3:15. Rus passed me on the road and arrived about an hour earlier. When I arrived the carriers were just beginning to come in and drop their loads - 32 of them. I traveled by the Pagululu-Mibuvo road; the carriers and Lionel by another road which went first to Leke Lavu then down the flat lands of the valley via Inelele #2. This road muddy in places and the distance much greater than by the hilly Mibuvo route. Lionel had more people (Agamia area) offering to carry thank he had loads. He left Agamia at 8:20. Everything left at the Inelele resthouse (in charge of the VO) appears to be in good condition, and intact. The VO is not a person much greater than the hilly Mibuvo route. Lionel had more people (Agamia area) offering to carry thank he had loads. He left Agamia at 8:20. Everything left at the Inelele resthouse (in charge of the VO) appears to be in good condition, and intact. The VO is not a person who has inspired confidence, but he was the only man to leave in charge of our cargo.

Tuesday August 14: A heavy rain squall from the SE delayed our departure from Bwagaia until 8:40 am. Eric Ryan is not a seaman and is rather timid about his boat. The "Titan" is a 40-footer, sloop rigged (she at lease carries a jib), and has a new 40 hp Ailsa Craig engine. One bunk in the wheelhouse aft; no accomodation for passengers. Ryan uses her as a trading boat, picking up copre and shell, and selling manufactured goods. Has a big stock of trade on board this trip. Had a rather rough passage on the open water past the Renard Islands and until we passed through the barrier reef of the Calvados Chain. This was at 1:30. At 2:25 stopped at the big island of Pana-wina to set down a native passenger at Bunting's coconut plantation. At 4:05 anchored at small Nigahau Island to trade. I went ashore. Some goods sold for cash and bags left to be filled with copra which Eric will pick up on his return journey. Very clean village with about 20 houses. Houses quite big as a rule. A government resthouse and a new RC church, the latter still unfinished. The mission has a native women teacher here. The resthouse used as school. Several big built-up canoes on the beach; painted white. A number of Japanese green glass fishing floats in the village. Left Nigahau at 4:45 and anchored for the night at Grassy (or Wanim) island. Slept in the government resthouse on NW end of the island. Sandflies bed; big old megapode mound at resthouse; megapode calling at night. Wednesday August 15: Left Grassy Island 7:15 am. Village on north end of island, close to resthouse, has several old-style hog-backed houses. Gardens being cleared and burned in relic bit of rain forest in gullies on the slopes. Passed along the south coast of big Pana-tinana or Joarmet Island. Good forest cover on the west end of this island. All the islands of the Calvados Chain are hilly. Much grass on some of them; secondary condition following deforestation for cultivation. Looks like the dry season for these islands: numerous smokes from grass fires; many patches of newly burned grass. Reason for burning the grass not plain; there are no wallabies on the islands. Anchored to look for trade off a small village near Son-of-a-Bitch Point on Pana-tinana. A good bed of gold-lip pearl shell here, in 18 fathoms, and a number of lives have been lost in diving for it. Hence the name of the point, which seems to be Utana Point of the chart. Anchored at Nimeo at 9:15; headquarters of the Catholic Mission in the Louisianes. Good buildings; very well kept. Father Twomey, the one priest stationed here, was away in Samarai. Brother King, very young, clean looking Australian from Laverton, Victoria, temporarily in charge. A convent with three European sisters, whom we did not see. Big white statue of Christ on the cross, and a flower-bedecked grotto of the Virgin. Brother King offered us rum and water. We had morning tea with him- nut bread and pretty little cakes and iced cookies. Mission has electric light and a boat. About 170 boys and girls in the school, which is now out on holidays. Mission has big food gardens on Sudest, across a couple of miles of water to the south. Our call at the mission was largely to arrange for cargo from Samarai to be dropped there for us, and for making an arrangement with the mission to forward the cargo to us in their boat. Left Nimeo 10:45, passed Griffin Point at 12:45, anchored at Joe Landing at approximately 1:50. A good resthouse at Joe landing (proper name, Imagailuai), and from it a track crosses the island, close to Mt. Riu or Rattlesnake, the highest peak (2645 ft.) on the island. A village policeman, one Bom, here. Genial man of middle age and small stature, well covered with sipoma. Remembers the time when (about 1914-15) one of the Richhorns went in from Bowla village and spent a week on the mountain. According to Bom, Tommy Craig was with Richhorn. Bowla village, perhaps 2-3 miles east along the coast, is no longer in existence;

according to information received at the mission; a new village, Areda, has been built, about half-way between old Bowls and Joe Landing. Room enough in the resthouse for the three of us to live, for storage of all our gear and supplies, and for Bus and I to work. Had news on the radio that the scow "Kari", on which we traveled from Samurai to Bwagacia, was wrecked about ten days ago on a reef in the Egum Group and is a total loss. Crew and passengers (2 Europeans included) were all picked up by the "Nuniara" on the 13th. The Kari was bound from Woodlark Id. to Samurai. Curs was probably the last trip she completed. A vessel inadequate for the job she was doing; her native skipper seemed competent enough but seemed to allow his crew to make decisions for him. Thursday August 16: SE wind still blowing, but here on the lee shore of the island we are sheltered and get only a cooling breeze in the rest house. Some cloud but no rain. Boys rigged the drying units and made a work table of sago midribs and later joined me in some botanizing west about ½ mile or so to the mouth of a small creek. Shore fringed with mangroves 20-60 ft. high: Rhizophora, Bruguiera, Avicennia, Cerapa, Heritiera, etc. but not a mangrove seen fertile. The crab-holed mud gray and clayey and containing much broken white quartz. Shingly gravel in creek apparently mainly shale. Entire-leaved, white-flowered Acanthus forms thickets up to 2 m high where rain forest joins the mangroves; Asplenium aff. nidus also growing there in large pale clumps on the muddy ground, where there was also a common tree-fern (Cyathea), and a hepatic on the ground. Some unusual occurrences for a subsaline habitat. A big Astata climbs to the tops of the trees in the coctone. The gray soil along the coast is dry and hard. Evidence of this being the dry season. Village rich in — or infested by — pigs (mostly spotted and of fair quality) which must foul the place badly in wet weather. Only a small village of eight houses including the rest house. Our boys sleep on the ample porch of the house of the VO's younger brother. Front row of houses built right on the water's edge among tall coconut palms. Most of the villages seen on this coast are back from the mangrove coast and 100 feet or more above the sea on the frontal line of ridges. There is a gap in the mangrove fringes, a couple of hundred yards long, at Joe Landing. No sandflies or mosquitoes have attacked us so far. No traps set last night. No shooting; this to give a chance of a shot at a big crocodile said to be in the habit lately of crawling up under the houses during the night. This croc not afraid of the natives, and will not be hunted away by them. For several hours Eric (who decided to stay at anchor here to trade) and Lionel crocodile-hunted with dinghy and headlamp along the coast to a big creek about a mile to the east. They saw nothing. Tide perhaps too high, they thought. Alec shoots for their skin any crocodiles he comes across. An average skin worth about five pounds. A little black-lip shell dived for on the reefs here. Eric pays sixpence a pound for it if of good quality. He also buys small quantities of the Sudest gum. This said to be gathered mostly by the women, who pick it from the bases of the trees or the ground below the trees. There is on the gravelly beach a big new white-painted built-up canoe which I asked Bom about this evening. It was bought from Boocker Island by a rich native who lives in the hills above us. (Like dim-dims, says Bom, some natives are rich and some poor). The price paid for this canoe was five pigs, 200 lbs. of sago,

20 baskets of native food, and 40 pounds in money. These people have trade with booker IslandFrom the Bookers they buy or exchange cooking pots for sage and baskets which the women make. There is also trade with Rossel, the red coconut parrot (and perhaps other species) being traded for bagi (shell money). For a parrot the Sudest people can get a string of bagi worth up to about six pounds. Pigs also traded to Booker Id. Lionel shot thisxarea ternoon four blue pigeons which provided us a really excellent meal of soup, breast steaks and wingsand legs. Mostly the cook overdoes fresh meat. This evening I gave him the ample leftovers to eat and savour, so that we may hope for a repetition of this evening's success. For some reason which I donot know and have not inquired into, the white traders, I am informed by Bom, are not interested in buying gold from the natives of the island. Gold is to be had in "plenty," says Bom. They can't sell it, so don't work the streams for it. All the traders ask for is copra, shell, and gum. In Samarai I saw recently in the illicit possession of Fred Riley an estimated 3-1 oz of good coarse gold which had been bought on Sudest at 6 shillings a pennyweight the regular price according to Fred. Gold buyers have to be licensed and declare all their traffic in the metal. Riley was drunk and spilled about half of his gold through Buntins back steps. FridayAugust 17: Heavy rain from 4:30 am to about six; drizzle until about eight; sharp shower about 11 followed by drizzle. No rain afternoon or early evening. SE weather. Lionel was to have started this morning on a reconnaissance of Mt. Rattlesnake (or Riu) but the councillor who was to be guide, and the carriers, did not turn up. He is ready for an early start in the morning. Botanized inland to a distance of a mile or better by a good track which climbs quickly up a kangaroo-grass spur from camp. Reached an elevation of perhaps 400-500 ft., which I have called 100 m. on the plant lablos. Forest in the gullies on both sides of the spur. Secondary at first. Later primary forest relies from which I collected some good trees (Syzgium, Parinarium aff. nonda, Fagraea, Weinmannia, Buchanania. A good soft cover of Themeda, about knee high or less on the open ridges. Collected an Ophliusus? and saw Borghastrum and Eriachne? in grasses. Accompanying herbs practically identical with those of Fergusson and Misima. Pimelea, Euphorbia (Chamaesyce), Phyllanthus, Borreia (not previously collected), Osbornia, Hypoxis, etc. A small shrubby snapaper fig scattered on the grassland ridges as a shrub. Shot last night were 10 specimens of mammals (Pteropus hypomelamus; P. consp- icillatus, Phalanger orientalis (very dark), Nyctimene geminus, Dobsonia), and taken from about 130 traps out were two rats which except for their white bellies looked like Rattus ruber. Only three mammals previously recorded from the island: Phalanger orientalis, Pteropus hypomelamus, and Petaurus breviceps. We heard the Petaurus last night. Work on camp rigging and conveniences finished this am. Some insects and frogs collected. A spell of poor weather for field work. Saturday August 18: Heavy intermittent showers most of day from 6:15 am. Some sun in mid-afternoon. Still more or less rainy tonight. SE weather. Started late into the field, to east of camp along coast, and gathered in all 15 numbers. Nothing of special interest, perhaps. A common Pandanus of open places, with syncarpous drupes. A small Gnetum. Pandanus of open places A green floccored

Psychotria A rubiaceous small tree which comes close to Psychotria, but is strange to me. Nothing in traps last night. Two Bobsonia and a Nystimene shot by the cooks. Rus, complaining of being tired after a day at the preparations table, went to bed. Lionel has a poisoned foot. Tonight, Lionel is out in the drizzle, shaking down in the rain. Two natives went fishing this afternoon and from them we bought, for two sticks of tobacco each, two fine big green-nottled crayfish which seem to be have the local name BAGIA, and two somewhat reddish fish, bought for one stick the pair. Ate as much as we could of the crays this evening. Kim, as he is apt to do with anything not handled every day, made a mess of the meal, cooking it too early and serving it cold. Four blue pigeons shot yesterday. What with excellent pigeon soup, and quite good tenderized pigeon meat, and today's seafood, we are doing well off the country. We are getting only a few sweet potatoes from the native gardens. This seems to be a time of shortage. The ground was dry when we arrived here. Bom says the crops were suffering, and that the present rain was achieved by sorcery. As was anticipated, no carriers for the mountains turned up today. A start by Lionel tomorrow is possible. The people in the inland village, where the councillor lives, are Methodists and will not stir on Sunday. The Joe Landing folk are Catholic, however, and Bom says the young men will carry if the weather is fine. The guide will have to be the councillor from the inland village, who alone seems to know the way to the top of Riu. Sunday August 19: A lot of strong SE wind during last night. Fine this AM until about 10 O'clock, when drizzles began, clearing late in the afternoon. Lionel unable to get away again today. This is contributions Sunday for the Methodist mission. Native adherents have gone to give money and garden truck to the Tongan head teacher, or whatever he is called, who lives at Rambuso and yesterday went to a village west a few miles along the coast to do the collection. Worked inland up the track to a distance approaching two miles from the sea and altitude estimated at 150 meters. I omitted to record that a week ago today, "Drunken Sunday" in Bwagacia, when the young government officers left for Samarai with 2 dozen beer and 11 bottles of rum for the two day voyage, Fitzter threw our aneroid into the salt water at the wharf. I still don't know how Fitzter came to have the instrument. No native would dive for it. So Lionel went down in 5-6 fathoms and brought it up. The aneroid is now on the way to Australia for reconditioning. A good day for mammals. Nothing in traps. Two or three Nystimene shot by Lionel last night; a big Pteropus by Rus. The spare boys, out this morning some distance inland in the primary forest (?) got a very different looking adult Pogononyx and a half-grown young one. Body short, tail long and heavy, feet very big. Must be a new species. This evening Lionel shot at dusk a russet Miniopterus new to the collection, unless it is a color phase. This makes 8 species for the camp to date. Not bad for an area largely deforested. Learned this morning of old gold mining tunnels in the lower macountains, made by Tom Norley before the last war. Rus went up to the inland village this afternoon to arrange for an excursion to the tunnels Tuesday. Two inland villages seen by me this AM. Visited only one, Erinamole, where the councillor lives, c. 1½ miles inland and at about 400 ft. Clean place of 15 mostly big houses. Botanized mainly in relic strips of primary rain forest left in the gullies,

Apparently a strong endemic element, also a considerable number of species which I also collected on Misima (white-flowered Proteaceae, Symplocos, Nepenthes mirabilis (without mousey odor). Found on the grasslands a Velloia (Goodeniaceae) a genus I have only once collected hitherto in New Guinea - west of the Fly River. Picked up the fruit of a winged dipterocarp which I could not otherwise discover. Different from the tree of the Misima mountains (fruit much smaller). Monday August 20: A scud of rain at dawn (5:45); others through the morning. No drizzle in afternoon; Rus had his mammal trays on an outside drying rack. Lionel at last has left for the mountains. Got away at 7:15 with 3 carriers, 2 spares to cut track, and the councillor as guide. Probably he will strike wet weather above about 1500 feet. The SE continues, piling clouds on the mountains. A backlog of plants which I did not have time to prepare yesterday, kept me in camp until nearly 8 o'clock. Then went along the coast, west, for rather better than 2 miles. Collected 17 numbers; some of them still on hand, as I have run out of driers. This seldom happens. Have averaged 16 numbers a day for the camp. Not bad for an area largely deforested and occupied by migrant grasses and associated herbs few in number. An unexpected find was an Antidesma (probably A. ghaesebphila) which I don't remember seeing this side of the Port Moresby Grasslands (it grew on greasy edges of the mangroves). Nothing in traps last night, although one or two new lines were in operation. Last night Rus jacked a Dobsonia and a small Pteropus. Six Nyctinene were caught in a net set at a fruiting Janbose tree within a few feet of the resthouse we live in. Today Tubula and Simp Sipoma brought in 5 Pogonomyes out from trees, and VC Bon contributed two more. This Pogonomyes is a beast very different from those we got in the D'Entrecasteaux. Has a skull squarish on top, and three lines of cusps. Our Glossiagos give evidence of being happy on Sudest. They have been singing for hours in their quarters this evening. Tuesday August 21: No rain in the 24 hours. Mountains (Riu) clear till at least midday. Natives are burning the grass again after the rain. Botanical project of the day was the collection of the tree from which the "gum" of the island is collected for export. Had VC Bon as guide. Came upon the trees in primary rain forest of the little valley of Vulamitu stream, about 2 miles inland and altitude of 400-500 ft. Vatica sp., probably papuana, called Guimbur by the natives. This produces a reddish gum (so described by Bon) which is the chief product sold. A whitish gum (no doubt a resin) is obtained in small quantity from a dipterocarp with winged fruit, called Walei (said by Bon to be called Rul on Misima) which occurred abundantly in ridge forest further inland. This dipterocarp as plentiful or more so than any other tree in the forest of the ridges, which have only fair timber volume. A common larger tree is the Syzygium I collected on Sunday. The Vatica where I saw it was the commonest canopy but small (about 20-25 m tall x 30-40 cm dia.). Rus, with a guide and two or three hangers-on from Erinamoa village, made a 7-hour excursion to a mine tunnel much farther S or SW said to have been made by one Henning. A well dug tunnel, according to Rus, which went in a long way, but could not be entered far because of deep mud and water. Literally thousands of bats flew out when a shot was fired into the tunnel. All Miniopterus, but in two sizes and probably two species. About 30 collected with switches outside the tunnel.

Lionel returned from the mountains at noon - unexpectedly early. With good travel, he reached a camp site in the forks of a fair-sized creek at an estimated 1000 feet, at the foot of Mt. Rattlesnake (or Riu) in 5 1/2 hours from Joe Landing. From there climbed nearly to the summit of the mountain, past Michhorn's reputed camp site of 40 years ago. This took 2 1/4 hours. No water near the Michhorn site. A good second site for a camp on the track about 400-500 ft. above the creek, on the crest of a broad ridge. Mossy forest conditions not encountered anywhere. Description of the second camp site appears to indicate oak forest, and Tinker carried an acorn back in his pocket. Rather disappointed in the report. We will not be able to camp as high on the mountain as I hoped. The summit area should be attainable for botanizing from the second camp site. Altitudes are, or course, estimated, now that we have no aneroid. Had my first sight of Riu from Brimamois village on the way into the field this morning, and another view from a 2 mile or so farther inland. It would be an exaggeration to call the peak a Matterhorn, but it is steep towards the summit and very limited in area. Viewed from ca. NW there is a side pinnacle a few hundred feet from the summit; Michhorn said to have camped in the saddle between the pinnacle and the main peak. Have send out word for at least 35 carriers for early Thursday morning. Two native sailing canoes from Grassy Island put in at dusk to spend the night at Loc Landing. Said to be on a sago-making expedition. Canoes each with 5-6 people on board (men, boys and women); rigged with a lug sail (European material). Wednesday August 22: A lot of high thin overcast today, but no rain. Strong SE wind at times. All busy with preparations for leaving for the mountains tomorrow. Joe Landing has yielded me for 6 days 103 numbers of plants (7 of them bryophytes) and 605 sheets of specimens. A better collection than I expected from a locality largely deforested. The relic rain forests in gullies on the slopes have yielded a good number of trees in flower or fruit. This has been the poorest camp yet for insects. Hardly anything most night from the light trap. Few butterflies and odonata. The best yield has been in spiders. For the second day in a row, Lionel spent about an hour on the reef with his fishline and a borrowed canoe. Another good meal of fish; the only one I know of four spp. being a red emperor. For the second night we have been listening to U.S. Armed Forces radio reports on the GOP presidential convention in the Cow Hall, San Francisco. A lot of hoop-la so far, with indications of a fight coming up on Nixon for Vice- President. There is probably a constellation (between the vicinity of some) "Crown" or "Corona" (for Taurus). Only three intermediate stars of two 1/2. were seen at dusk, and one, a [illegible] star.

Thursday May 23: Good fine day, Though considerably high overcast. A usual when we are on the move, the weather was fine but conditions not favorable for color pictures. Left Pat. Tandem for Mt. Rin at 7.35 AM with 39 camera loads. People in good form. Some came from as far as Griffith Point last night, either to be in the show, for the day, or perhaps because of word of our coming being spread by Mr. God of Peregama who on behalf at the time of our arrival at Mt. Rinme. Had with us, besides the carriers, 5 councillors & a village policeman. Crossed VUKE NITU Creek at 8.30. (In the conventional raiding days, at the time of the present elders' grand father, the Pat Tandem people, returning from (aways to) The slopes of Mt. Rin in their boats, paddled up, their dead victims on a chain-like ledge of rock on the ridge of the creek, (faces painted & looking back up), the track, bearing a faint look in the direction of their country). From there a steady climb of perhaps 500 ft. To crest of the contact divide of the island, reached at 9.10 after a 10 minute rest at the Valt water. Difficult to judge altitude; track in dense primary forest, but a altitude of crest perhaps 1500 ft. Travel of 2 hours along the 1st. Rest by 15 minutes when the track began to descend steeply for the valley of a fast-rigged creek. Reached the creek at 11.35. Tinned camped here on his survey trip. Altitude estimated at 1000-1200 ft. Track called ESLAVN. Had tea & good hefty bully beef sandwiches with Taniel, who reached this spot half an hour before me. Then on up a nice open ridge in the direction of Rin for 20 minutes, then walk to an alternate camp site selected by Taniel. Decided to camp there. Altitude perhaps 1400-1500 ft. Good site in a small knoll with a little stream of running water handy. This is best water found so far by Taniel on his survey trip. Altitude too low, but the best we can do. This is a mixed rain forest. Saw no cockatoo or Tasmanian Parrot. (No sign of any of these when Taniel camped. Champs take place in the forest) but it is hard to define them as to recognize close on this tree. Very little seen in flower or fruit. Danced at camp site in the morning, have a fly in the two boats with rigged, plus a cookhouse roofed party with (can't quite) with palm leaf. Palms are scarce in the district except when they

w. 1930. Carrier paid & went home about 7 o'clock, if the road, S/ P. took for the councillors & V.C. Friday Aug. 14: Fine day but considerable heavy cloud from about mid. The wind at camp comes off valley from the west. Magnetic direction indicated by transit, lies 105° from Camp. Camp. Digging practically completed. In the general pattern of work, we have one boy off duty today with a swollen knee, as a result of yesterday's walk. Another boy with mild malaria - cooler climate. Gathered a few plants around camp. Made color- photographs of which 3 purple Gen. chloraemum # 27811, collected on the trail yesterday. Were visited by 3 men from HULTA villages on the S. cost. They want to work for us. We might get carriers from the south coast for our return to Port Tanding. Rains broke out last night. M. packing. Saturday Aug. 15: A storm woke me at 3.00 a.m., then rain at dawn & after, then for about an hour 1-2 p.m. Nothing on the few traps set last night. Earnel & Russ out packing for a while. Earnel found some shot, but got nothing. Two 15% bronze & 2 Betamore cut from trees by the mammal boys, 7/12-6/12 & Brundle. Thornton kept me in camp until 7.00 a.m., when I set out for 1.30 p.m. Followed the pig-hunting track which was Earnel's track a few days ago, 8" went c.c. for 15 minutes & picked up 200 ft. altitude, then coming slowly on walk along the crest of a mean plateau ridge, rising several hundred feet to the now barely recognizable rib of old TANIMABATA village. The start was again, more or less straight, for hill peak. Reached 1/3 and 2/3rd of Earnel's track at a probably 2000 ft. flat track, for 1/2 hours from then I reached what appeared to be the lower shark crest (will be from near Tanimabata. Then the cloud momentarily gave me a glimpse of the true summit, about 3/4 mile. It is small, c. 200-300 ft.

higher than when I started. How could covered my small crest: Tally by them, Deltastomaceae, Myrsinaceae, Grossulariaceae. At Lauter drifting how ? Collected a fine, fragrant white Rhododendron growing as a slender shrub on low sand, adjoing a precipice. The altitude seemed to mark the limit of a big Lacyclina abundant for 30-400 ft. lower down. Collected in all about 10 spp. of orchids & flowers including [illegible] One of the orchids is a big spotted with V. of Myrsine. Wind, rain, a harsh cutting hampered my collecting. Got back to camp, wet under my rain- cost, at 3 PM. Fine, Harry night. Only two boys out packing. Rosal, with the permitting, will finish cutting tracks to the left of Rio tomorrow. About 2-3 hours cutting from my highest point, I estimate. Tuesday May 6th: Concert most of day; no rain. Had to spend about two hours in morning waiting for brief spells of sunlight to photograph some of the plants collected yesterday. There is always the problem of cloud & wind in clearer color photography. Spent the day in camp, making pictures, & preparing postcards gatherings (38 numbers). Included was a small, Tallies. Stunned, very slender Balanaceae, the first of the genera I have collected in the Torricellides, & apparently identical with a species of Moresby Island. Saw a much larger species on the mountain yesterday. No Balanaceae seen on Shimone. The Torricellides are very poor in Balanaceae. Nothing in traps last night, nothing shot. Ran jacketed for 1 1/2 hours tonight, for the rain. Today Rosal both (our boys) finished cutting tracks to the left of Rio. About 1 1/2 hours cutting from my first point. Grade not too bad. From the day before we left for Thursday I have had trouble with my left shoulder. It might be rheumatism. It a coincidence that it is in the shoulder I dislocated on Mt. Bayman in 1958. It could be something else. I have not had rheumatism before.

Monday May 27. Tom shawed in morning & a slight air at night fell. Pack of Pete under a driving wind all day. Left camp with my two boys at 7:20 I returned at 4:10 - nearly nine hours without food or water. A difficult mountain. It is difficult to climb from the west. Often what looks like a good approach from HIMALAY. The ridge to the SSE (continuation of the backbone range) appears to be very narrow & of a down. I caught only partial glimpses of it. It was cloudy about the weather when I left camp. At 9 o'clock, when I was near the 2000 ft. level, rain began & for 30 minutes we sheltered under a pocketcloth carried for the purpose. Decided to turn back; I started to collect. At 10:10 The weather looked like taking up, so I resumed. To ascend - it is for gradual ascent of the way to be called a climb. Passed Lioneli Tookout at 10:15 (one seen of all from them on way up, but four signatures of HIMALAY Bay (?) on way down in afternoon). By far point of the 23rd (about 2200 ft.) reached at 10:30. From him travelled slowly, marching to the shroud (cloud) for Methoagel, which I could not find. I reached The summit (2650 ft.) (How we met in camp) at 11:00 o'clock. Only a few pretty Thick puncher. Taking one turn, the ascent could be made in about 1 hour & 30 or 40 minutes from camp, including rest stops. On the way up, Lacydium flori appeared at 8:30 (c. 1500 ft.) I ascended to Lioneli Tookout (c. 2000 ft.). There, small-rammed oaks formed a small strip of pure forest in the narrow, very clayey open crest at about 1600 ft. & were not seen elsewhere. A patch of giant Larches from a small saddle under Lioneli Tookout perhaps dicates. Eichhorni camp site of 1215 on a stone cobb. Between my Tookout of the 23rd & the summit the forest is low, more or less windblown & about 15-20 ft. high fairly heavily marked. Two slender tree-forms (By a tree) collected there. A sole fatter-boned pine (recalling them) was seen. The mountain of Monastery & Fergusson, is ascended through the usual & easy pass when one walks over the crest, but was not to collectable condition. On the summit, the scent apparently was low enough to be called shrubbing, but it had been completely wrecked by Riant's two boys yesterday. Leucadia, (only a bit of ground about 30 ft. across on top). From the appearance of its wreckage, it

65 Let Mountains trail was composed largely of a mild flowery meadow (with some alpine grasses) and with aniseed (Anisum) There was one very beautiful flower to my footpath (also a Telephium, which was on 10. 10). The white Phacelia had been common on 10. (collected some old capsules which I will have in reserve for seeds when dry). Elodea hairy Trachyspermum is an epiphanic (for seeds when dry). Corydalis was a fuggy plant with abundant flowers on the tree trunks. Bumps of the slumped trees (1873?) on the tree trunks. Not much moss on the ground. Covered with micro-covoid roots. Not much moss on the ground. Probably under cloud most of the year. Walking in thickets. Two Lagopus, gray rather than brown in color, with white tails in lieu of brown, cut from a tree by the mammal boys. Tuesday Oct. 25: Rain began about 12.30 last night. I did not clear off my kit until about midday. Funny afternoon, not much of the day performing yesterday's gathering of 37 numbers of plants. Last night, when the lamp was being carried from my kit (when we have our rain and water) in the preparation fly, when we sat, a great atlas moth fluttered to it and was stopped to the ground. I caught by hand. The abominable first specimen with wings 11 cm. in length. Photographed it today. Out packing for about 3 hours last night. Finest this a Sphaller, a Betulaceae and a Pinnate-cupped Sterculia. Finest got probably the same species of Sterculia, but the capsule was much darker and there was irregular white blotches (Chalonia below the capsule). Walking in broom at the top but not ripped. Since Tuesday, Ernest has had a cold or mild flu. Nora Rie has it. Sogel has malaria, caught on by the rain, mediab. Since a bad attack in the mountains of Fergana two months ago, he is supposed to have been on a weekly prevention dose of camphor. Wild pigs go high — is at least 2000 ft. — in the mountains. Many nothings in some places. The stiff yellow clay would affect our understanding of food. On all the heights, including the camp, at about 1000 ft., there is only a very shallow core of humus over 12 clay. The trees of the forest spread immensurable short roots — only partly covered by stuff of humus. The rocks make worn paths very uncomfortable to walk on with boots.

Wed. Otay 28: Some heavy rain last night; weeks quenchy until at least midday. Flowers of inlows through the day, mostly heavy. Polarized down a tributary which runs from [illegible] to the creek. Their results: Two off of Gopher (4th & 5th for Friday) & a couple of shrewdly arched among the most interesting. The rain (over 6" of the locally seen) to have a fair variety of canopy & been trees, but any very from an undergrowth, lianas & epiphytes. Even the banks of the G's creek are from 84 good case of geographical alternation? or perhaps it from pillows clay may to an implantant factor? The creek rocky & half-gassy up. It was where [illegible] had his night camp. From there a sudden change to (105° Grand Cotten & sticky (a schist) thing. We again walking in slope or (4" rut). The 1st mound in the side of the ridge a base camp. Jackey last night; Can get two Pheasants by now, [illegible] & [illegible] Toward: [illegible] & his Goy Timber have 10 men set in the valley to the south of camp, when [illegible] report many small voctings in the (east). Bar did not bring any steel traps to this camp. 11:30 a.m. afternoon: The Gov Trancly rancher & two Tory men arrived with mail & packages which Tulley Turney just cut out this morning. All came from Turney. Only bit of [illegible] shipped a car from Tamana arrived at Nance or the "Muniards." Turney does not want it but, put up to Man (man) in a western time. 1 hour to be in the Colorado than 90 That time. [illegible] will be down to the creek on Friday & be at Nance to see what he can arrange. Transfer from our beet in camp. It took two mornings in a backfall. Found several small brown lizards crawling on me in the front. The surprising. My boys often pick them up. A fine (low) crop after rain. Thursday Otay: Bright, thanksgiving day of two & rainless night. [illegible] bed in camp. Thi

67 403 Arranged down the south - bringing you to the next lower camp. More interesting plants: a big Pachyandra, common in their valley character, (many) of the ridges, a big Gondania, & a tree fern (Cyathea) which I think I have collected on the island before. No mammals in traps, nothing in Kandar stream (a Total of 25 m.1 tonight). Thandi picked out two lumps last night for nothing. We set out on a new set in the other lower camp, pulled 3 Monachlamia - new for the island. For breakfast we had roots caught by Thandi's helpers (last night after packing was finished. I had a fresh with their skin & a few more, rather chewy looking. Even then, who got up, fresh meat of any kind, had only one piece. Last night, in the same creek ca. SE of camp, Thandi captured (for the collection) two M. of cray fish. One, large & a common, looks like a spiny we took in Westerns. The other, small, clutch with red behind it had a long change to the rocky in very fast water. Friday, Aug. 31: Another fine day with no rain in 16.24 hours. The mountain clear when I saw it from the upper stream camp about 7.30. 8.30 - 11.00 the mountain was clouded over. Collected in the valley of the stream to the SE of camp. (The same as RIO). Little of special interest. The flora here is poor. Mountain, I have a hard time walking than I can day. Ring with her two boys left sometime in the morning to spend the night on the mountain. Took Tubugga as a carrier, he returned about 5 o'clock. They are at a camp in the saddle at Thandi's Trackhead where I think Eichhorn also camped. I saw traps, & got out, I will to jack. I expect them back tomorrow. Thandi to Port Darling. He will go on to [illegible] tomorrow (walk along the coast). The canoe to Nemoa by canoe) to arrange for our transportation to RAMBUSO (on Friday 7 A.M., if possible) & to Normal. (Friday Aug. 28).

Sat. Sept. 1. A heavy shower at 3:30 AM. Rain through much of the afternoon. Yesterday fell less than usual 2 at 3 PM. The thermometer stood at 81°F in the shade. The lowest temperature noted here is 71°F. Collected down to Travels Camp, then up the creek for perhaps to mile. A fine log. Why Carninal Point was at a waterfall about 30 ft. high, below which was a small basin more tropical in appearance than is general for the locality. An ample heli- wood layer gave most of the forest a foothills appearance. All hard woods. I have not met with a second growth forest in the locality. Returned from the mountain with nothing to show for the trip. Had only one 100 trap. Jacked in only 20 animals, found east of the ridge for deer. Went to the left of the mountain before starting to dig camp. Yesterday morning. No mammals in traps set by the creek, or in Lewis's Mans, which now number 25. Galenme, who went to see Tracing with Kivel yesterday, returned about noon. 18 Gila from Kivel interments a bad man in the delivery of our "Darniara" cargo. Eighteen plans are missing, including all Korean (7 drums) and sugar (2 bags) ordered. 2 boxes of ammunition & some of my collecting supplies were consigned in error to Shimna, north of Nueva, & I thought that if they had been put off there they would turn up at Fiesti within a week or two. Today's news is disturbing. This is the morning when our missing cargo might be. Bus has ammunition & I have collecting supplies that will last perhaps another three weeks. We don't fully know enough person as sugar to last that long. Koreans are essential for staging Darniara's census. Tuesday Sept. 2. A sharp shower at 6:19 PM, set to write station for the day. Morning about half rainy, afternoon overcast, with a few sprinkles. Ran a shuttle shift with my men along even Thursday, which Kivel was awake to gain mid-night. This 1949 I still had all of yesterday's gathering in hand, so played in camp. Went to buy out for articles they brought in some nice things, notably a fine climbing fork Maccliville (photographed), a Genus with cover much rater.

by insects (apparently when the leaves are very young & without chlorophyll), a *Tarianthys* with big white flowers & bright blue points, & a *Sapindus* with white flowers. The flowers of the *Sapindus* are small & the yellow rather like that of *Mimosa*. Rex & I were jacked last night, for walking. Walking in 140 troop & 235 marines. One *Macroglossum* noted. *Duropa* (caught) in three *Sphenomyia*, cut from a tree. There are on our last line of tea. As I am the only tea- drinker now in camp, I told the cook to make less tea than when Russell is here. He reduced the amount of water in the pot & put in the same amount of tea, making a cream undeniably strong. Most of our soldiers are having problems with the motion. They see me as an obstacle in what we do. Monday, Feb 3: Beautiful fine travelling day with strong SE wind sloping down hill in afternoon. No rain in 24 hours. Stood a clear morning along morning clown to creek which walks near branches, drawn. The sun said wolly under West. Bit 12 feet of camp. Event reported a big stream "like the LEBANON" in Wyoming by 3. Found a creek with half as big, deep, gappy, with a bottom of slippery rock. *Sphenoclea* planted for March. Moreover, on 14 banks I collected a black palm, common here. Particularly a *Talaman* This makes 8 planty collected on the island. I have seen fine moss, all sterile, a big *Gama*, a *Zingiberaceae* like undergrowth *Vicia*, *Eurybia*, & two off of *Talaman*. After afternoon while I prepared & drank a hand. They followed up. Russell's troop, crash, they met the water fall when I stayed a few days' up, I collected various things, including a big-leafed *Marianthous* I had not seen before. Nothing to write a matter last night, a *Talaman*, & a *Sphenoclea* jacked by Rex, one *Macroglossum*, too. Took my first strike for the Cleavely-Lambert area, a slender black which T. B. S. R. noted. The morning is wrought in a very long horizon. Incident? Think it's biggest seen at 10 miles. Two species of moths collected here.

The day Thursday Apr. 4. Clear dawn followed by a day of high overcast clouding from 12-3. St. April 16, if rain in mid- affernoon, and about 7:30 PM. My first collecting day in this camp. Climbed to leading slope towards Rio to nearly a for an old TIPITI TABETA village site. Only 7 mammals collected, the most important probably being a small marmoset Tchigara (second of its kind for the locality). Also collected a common Mhygia - a canopy dweller with very wary dark skin. After running a night shift with the plant digger it was with a big lot of material at hand. We mammals got by hope, snare, (at net (3)), or Bush packing last night. This evening Rus is unwell and only Rus' life is lacking. Kim the cook, about "the worst hunter in the world," has been with us for two or three days (last meal: pigeons (Gig (liver)). We are bird and yesterday and on 15 day before. Nothing today is not ate bully beef (for dinner), plus came part of the Golf that Kim gathered in the forest. March. April 5. A very strong wind sprang up in the early hours of the morning. Another day of high overcast. We rain, Tighed from 3 PM - 7, rain again after that. Finishing up a plant collecting (they will be material that only lightly dried to carry to the coast). I packing for 8 collections. I have for the camp 763 mammals including 27 marmosets, 150% of the mammal specimens. Not a bad bag! Gathering considering the front place of them (in broken rain forest). Many species of second growth condition would have meant many more plant species. The camp has been poor indeed for mammals. About 130 birds out have yielded not a single specimen. I have never before seen birding great that God. Birds' from packing have been indifferent. Only 31 specimens of the following mammals have been taken at the camp: Primates, Platypus, Hypothenarus, Scleromys orientalis, Phascogale, Lepros. The stock runs in mammals, but it seems attention being paid to birds. Tchigara 182 (pigs), 5 snakes, (Ligandos (Rhizina)). The cool, cold environment is not favorable for reptiles. In insects, only a few specimens of butterflies (a few %) of Colobidae were taken. Eight prof. material (only such in Guatema) and a few mills. Best meal we down a fine dinner meat smoked to the ground at night by Tchanel.

71 det The have apparently, a great surplus of carriers for the morning. Some are here in camp, others a shelter down on the creek. Referred to be here are 10 from MADAMA & 21 from PAMTIELA on the south coast, and 17 from Joe Landing. It is 5:30 at 9 am, and there is no word from Tavel. When we were visited on August 24 by three men of NUTA village, south coast, Lionel said something to them about getting south coast men for our return carry to Joe Landing. This could have been no definite arrange- ment because no man of authority was here from Huve & on August 29, when the Joe Landing councillors came to camp with mails, Lionel spoke to them about carriers for tomorrow. It was merely 47 men when we need 50 at most. It is still raining heavily & the people will be hard put to find shelter under our two fly's, the creek hours, or the small hut shelter down on the creek. Joe Landing people say that Lionel has not returned from Nimoca. Thursday Sept. 6: Transport for today looked like a doubtful proposition when heavy rain began at 12:30 last night and continued to 4:30. There were showers after that in the mountains, but not heavy enough for me to use the raincoat I carried all the way to Joe Landing in my hand. Resolved the surplus carrier difficulty by presenting all spares (27) with a stick of tobacco maxx. Left camp at 7:45 with 26½ loads, arrived at Joe Landing at 11:35. I did a little collecting and made some photos on the way. An easy walk. I am on my feet as long every morning. Found at Joe Landing that Lionel has arranged for Bill Callanan of Modowa Bay to take us to Rambuso tomorrow; price 20 pounds, which is reasonable. Lionel is at Nimoa and will return with Callanan. All stores seemed in order in care of VC Bom in the resthouse. Pinned specimens that Ius left were quite dry and could be packed this afternoon. Plant I left in drying papers were also good and dry. Feel glad that the Sudest mountain work is over. Mt. Rattlesnake (Piu) always looked so remote from New York.

Thursday Oct. 11: A very wet day. Heavy showers from before daylight through afternoon. Left Mocoai with Hugh Gobine on the "WHEI-WHEI" at 3PM. and arrived TINJU 5.30, just before dusk. Took the inside passage. Calm with a light in one place, probably off the beach in the reef, and mostly very shallow. Entered pictures. Tracked bottom a few times. Good small school of fresh limba at Jinju. Dined with them among cocoons and mangos on the beach, oval in shape, with some limba trees, and fan-leaf roof. Then met at the wharf by Brother Cantwell of the Catholic mission (Father Coles was at Mocoai to meet the "Muniana"), who invited us to dinner. Excellent meal. Nicely served. Had 1600 making for the first time in a European house in the Toriisado. Father Coles & Brother Cantwell live in a thatched 3-roomed house with grand floor. Three sisters apparently have similar quarters. A convent of permanent construction is now being built. The mission was established, I think, in 1847. Did some sorting of cargo after dinner. Very heavy rain while we ate. Hugh departed for the next day east along the coast. He would not have had enough water to get away from Jinju at low tide. The "Mavi" needs a good time for the trip between Mocoai & Jinju inside the reef. Friday Oct. 12: A threatening dawn. But as carriers were waiting decided to leave for the mountain. The usual delays while the carriers assembled - some from Jinju, some from East Point, some employees of the mission. Set away with 34 loads at 7.25. Crossed a mangrove through behind the palm grove, then began to climb through a small coconut plantation of the Oloans (the secondary) forest immediately above the plantation. After a new garden of good pigs, being planted mainly to Tan, and wire fenced. Mostly second growths then to DARI BENI hamlet at about 600ft overlooking the Carna reef and Atera Island. Fairly steep. Wipers to the point. Rested 15 minutes at Zambeni (35 minutes from Jinju). Then began a long, gradual ascent through fine tall forest. At round about 1000ft passed 2-3 old villages with coconut & betelnut palms and - rain-wet bananas. Dined

73 Government road throwing evidence of long use. Found several small streams, running westerly from Van. The morning, at 9.15, started from a point when a saddle in the central mountain ridge could be seen about a hundred feet above us. Some steep rock crevices here from which Lionel collected stibiconides on his survey trip. Heavy rain left us there till 9.45. Beyond the rest below a little, after crossing a fan-sized stream, the track divided. The regular route to Alcalde going right, an old, little-used path going to the left. Followed the latter. The noon of 6.30 again; then was confusion and indecision among our people as to which branch to take. The right-hand one was followed and it soon ran out to nothing. Made one way back to the other branch and after a long fairly stiff climb, reached the saddle on the mountain at 16.50. Evidence of a frequent cloud blanket some 200-300 ft. from the crest. On left, Lionel had partly opened up a camp site. The ridge was narrow, though will rotters, but decided to camp. Less rather than another possible site about 500 ft. lower down, a tall, gloomy forest. Went back to the carriers and Ben, who were waiting, at the alternative site, if we had a fly comfortably rigged before more heavy rain began to fall. During the afternoon it cleared after for a time and we had views of Toca (18de) 3d. on a bearing of 112°, & of the summit of Mt. Monte rising about half a mile away and 200-500 ft. above us on a bearing of 28°. The summit a sharp peak of very limited scope - like Mt. Rio a Federal. From camp the main ridge curves SW and W, rises only a couple of hundred feet, and appears to broaden. Our best collecting for plants will probably be in that direction. Our carriers were a pleasant, willing lot. They fell to with Benner & after they carried us open up views from camp. Few of them had been here before. They gave them a feed of rice after their 6p. Day off, & departed about 3 o'clock. One of them quite tall man for this part of the world. One, a councillor from East Point, perhaps of chiefly blood, was plain shinned, that, with Weanda that had straight, projected hair, and very prominent projecting cheeks. A friendly, intelligent man. Eric Olbem and his family, about 30 years ago, camped where we are now. His clearing is marked by tall tree fern, & an illegible name cut in the bark of a tree. Our older

74 [illegible] The mountain villages on our route were abandoned by government (as stated 196.90) order during the war, we were informed. The people moved down to Drying but May 26/11 use this for old garden grounds. X Thursday Oct. 13: Was Relief awake smell of the night by concluded mist dripping on my tent from a tree overhead. Light showers began toward daylight; lasted to mid-morning. Ridge & Peak The cloud cover of time to mid-afternoon. All the times mist, driving in a strong wind from about East over the Dodda. Collected a few plants about camp while my boys [illegible] in a work 1864 and storage deliver. Palm trunks and tying material (Talamanis & Hapellaria) available in plenty. Other boys doing the regular jobs of rigging camp — work and storage facilities, latrines, etc. Rex unusually bad on a slipping pole in camp. Yesterday, fell & hurt his back — not very badly. He spent 1/2 day lying down. Moped out this evening by his boys. Tuesday Oct. 14: Very heavy rain at daylight, followed by a dark, misty, cloudy, showing day. Bad for field work. Collected a few plants at camp, then followed the track toward Aboluli. Track went along the side of the ridge, losing altitude steadily. Forest tolla (co. 70-80 p.) then & much undergrowth. Conditions wet; visibility bad. Found and collected with a few ripe red fruits, two pieces of sub-tropical palms with feather leaves. An aporymacious canopy tree with very fragrant big white flowers was especially good. The old story of nothing in traps. Lionel and Kim, jacking last night, shot three cursors, a brown [illegible], and a Macropteryx, besides picking up an amethystine python 7 ft. long & a big brown trapaj. Camp rigging, which because of the offered jurisdiction & rough rocky ground, has been a bigger job than usual.

was completed today. About half dozen Papu men & boys paid us a visit, bringing 10 caps (bought for 2 shillings tobacco) & 6 papayas. No rain down below, they said. They did not say more than an hour in our mist and rain. Monday OCT. 15. Very heavy rain from about 11 P.M. to morning. Completely misty day with occasional light showers. One of the worst spells of weather I have experienced. This is the 5th day of it. The forest is saturated & dripping. Wind (a cloud draft) from N.E. Today. The weather kept me in camp to mid morning, after which I made for the peak. Followed the narrow ridge east by a path cut by the mammal boys, then cut beyond that at the foot of a rock face ca. 200 ft. high on the south side of the peak. Could go no further on the precipitous steps. At the peak I found a covering, & being on the bare rock gave very rocky conditions. A fine white Dorya grew high on the rocks near the foot of the rock face, with one plant each of the jungle lichens Conchobium of Mr. Petriana or formerly (Can Orchid) present on the mountain top of all the islands we have visited & a sick viola Rosa. Never have I seen a Tropical mountain so poor in orchids (only 3 off. collected &), and ferns. The Plant (same as a whole in the forest [illegible], but I am collecting plants quite new to me. Again walking in loops. Ran spoiled jackling last night, only two Macroglossa were shot. In nearly three weeks on Rosset all mammals but one not have come from the same area. Was it obvious that we are running short of ammunition, Galleries & bait. We can make our bait from mammal skins, a hand. Baiting can be bought in Tamara- when we reach there about the end of November — or perhaps from a local store. Ammo is a different matter. Do not have smaller than three is available in Tamara. Will have in order for Oberon. We come well with an ample supply of cartridges. It has been agreed that a treaty of sign (in the 1866, without my knowing) that a sharpening was developing. Mail came by native messenger from Mabale. The "Munian" arrived yesterday after being missing for some day (with radio out of commission). Took supplies by me, and tobacco by Tonal, did not arrive. Took off for Mabale after lunch to inquire into matters — also, I must meet, 10

76 129 [illegible] Tuesday Oct. 16: We ran last night. Ran most today, four shavers, some run in afternoon. Heard few ca. NNW. This afternoon we could hear the croakers on the trail off East Point, a sound quite drowned by wind rattling the croakers. Botanized south along the crest of the range, cutting track for an hour past the end of the jacking trail without coming to the "No. 1" road to Elboe. Then forest, climbed to a peak on some narrow crest, showing no variation in composition. No mammals in traps. Hunt spoiled jacking last night by the dogs. A small Hippopotamus caught in a cat set. This is the first incongruous cat we have caught in a set. Hugh Osborne came up to see us, travelling from 1866 at six hours. After lunch he went to the top. No one who came up of Mr. Rosset, guided by some moles who came up from Sippe with fresh food. Found them a wine from Sippe with the 7000 remains of a cat in it, left on the camp about 30 p.m. ago by the Osborne. Climbed summit about 3:30. Lovel returned, alone, from Elboe at about 3:30. Lovel returned, alone, from Elboe about 3:30. Lovel returned, alone, from Elboe about 3:30. Three notices from Sippe brought a nice lot of sweet potatoes, papaws, pineapples, & a few lime, tomatoes, green, & beans for which I paid 12 sticks. Wed. Oct. 17: The first day tonight here without rain. Not much mist, rather until 1400 afternoon. Botanized to and from the waterhole partly in the valley to the west of camp. Nothing worth special remark except a big Calypsoealyx, the third palm found with ripe or more ripe fruit at this camp. I left for work at Rosset. This expedition has been poor for palms. There are few species on the other islands of the Torres Straits; it's up to this time I have not been able to collect any ripe seeds for the Paraclid Tropical Section. This afternoon I have carrying seeds of two species. The usual story on troops. Rex & Hugh went jacking last night for the result: I ran shot a cassowary. Of Macropterus taken in the cat set. Various kinds of

77/25 bait being tried tonight - cheese, cuscus meat, sweet potato. Ron Goborne arrived at noon from Jinja, having carried lumber for the mission in the Masindi area. They left for Jinja about 2 P.M., he took the boat back to 1866.6. After lunch, Ron & Lionel went to the top of the mountain. Three shots. The view. Two shots were taken. Thursday 6/1/15: Another 24 hours without rain. This is a clear day. 9 A.M., after that clear except for a broken westerly, now enough to cut off the top of the mountain at times. Then half the morning working on cleaning or hand (worked a shift on the dryer last night; things not drying well). Then, with Ron Goborne, my two (many) boys of a Roman Blander of Boys, went to the summit of the mountain. Did the climb of 200-500 ft. in 60 minutes. Tons very steep. Places, one, a rock face, being dangerous. I and a rope on this. We were fortunate in having good views from the top, especially of 1866.6 anchorage to the Jinja coast, and East Point. Could just catch a glimpse of Jozzga Bay on the west end of the island. Left my name in a bottle which Ron & Lionel placed there yesterday (in a 1/6 formula bottle tied to a tree with mavel wine). Mt. Ronald, 2750 ft., does not seem as high, when one is on a top of it, as Mt. Rio or Tudor, 200 feet lower. It is even more limited in area than Rio 8 its flora is poorer. Top covered with a climax, with many scrub 10-15 ft. high, in which a Metrosidium (?) plant and a Tamarindus were the principal elements. My idea of bait changing brought no success from Wolfe. But there were good results from two boys sent out last night with a Coleman lamp. I hunt for frogs. Lionel, out jacking, shot a cuscus. 18 small Hipposideros shot in camp by Ries. We returned to Etobico after lunch. I have decided to close this not very profitable camp on Saturday. Two days ago, when a Jinja courier was in camp with fresh food, I asked for 33 carriers to come up the mountain Saturday morning.

Friday Oct. 19: 1941 Last night The moon shone brightly, our first clear night & first glimpse of the stars at this camp. Tons out of our last day yesterday. A slight sprinkle in afternoon. Botanized along the track as far as Eichhorn's camp not toward W.C.A. Collected a few good things including a fourth species of Ixora from the camp, I in Eichhorn old clearing, a small tree Phlebodium. Have on hand more material than I can carry. I might will work another night shift with the crew. Tinker guided a half-grown Warthog (Cercopithecus) along; first mammal trapped here (Kim the cook got it). It was a bit of Sweet Potato. Another Rattler in the (at) wi, also a Mangifera. El coro cura in the (at) wi by Tinker. The Goborns sent up, for nailing to a tree in camp, a heavy file of sheet lead with the history of the camp silk stamped on it. The Goborns was his first in 1909. I attacked sniffing. Saturday Oct. 20: A threatening morning with enough rain to wet the tents and flies before we could get them down at the mountain camp. I left at half past eight, to collect on the way. More than enough carriers were met traveling up the slopes soon after I started down. We had 31 loads. The transport arrived at Jinju before noon. Nothing in traps last night. Four cuscus shot by Tinker with four shells. Had very good collecting on the track. My best day on the island. Interesting things included a red-flowered Gesneriaceous vine (like Bignoniaceae) which I found on Fergusson and Normanby, and a fine big Marattia with tripinnate leaves. Saw oaks in the forest at about 200 meters. Father Twomey of Nimoa, on a visit to Jinju, called at the resthouse to talk with us. Short, stocky man of open countenance, who started the mission at Nimoa in 1947. Sunday Oct. 21: Heavy rain from the NE last night measured 64 points at the mission. A sultry day, it seemed to me, despite a good NE breeze off the sea. Spent nearly all day preparing yesterday's plant collection. The rest house is big enough for Rus and I to work in. It already stinks of cuscus. Rus and Lionel went jackling last night but were driven in early by the rain. One Rattus ruber in traps.

Monday Tuesday Oct. 22: Rain again before dawn. At 5:30 a great black cloud lay over the sea to the NE. Light rain through much of the morning. Thunder with this. Botanized eastwards along the flat sandy island on which Jinju is situated, then across a mangrove flat on a bridge mainly of sawn baulks of timber to garden lands on Wabu Creek (this seems to be the big creek which heads near our mountain camp). From the gardens—bananas, taro, cocoanuts mainly) I went up the slopes into primary forest. Some fine tall trees, which have been cut into somewhat by the Osbornes and the Mission. Little in flower or fruit in the forest, but I collected a fine big canopy tree which seems to be a Turraea. In conversation with the owner of the garden, I found that he had worked for Burns Philp at Madang for a year as engine boy. His brother, who lived with him and owned neighboring land planted to cocoanuts, had worked four years as a houseboy in a Madang hotel. Other boys of the area have worked in Rabaul, Lae and Port Moresby. This man has a good house for which he had paid the builder 26 pounds. Nearby was a small house in which the second of his babies had been born. Such a house is not used after the birth of the child. Was questioned as to what we did with our specimens. I described the Museum as something like a big school to which all people could come to see things from all over the world. In reply to my statement that in some parts we were thought to be practicing black magic, I was told that "some people do not know God." Nothing in traps but five Macroglossus caught in a net and several bats shot by Lionel and Rus (Pteropus conspicillatus, Dobsonia, Nyctimene). Tubuga and Sipoma were sent across to Abaleti for some onions from our stock there. Left at 7:15 and returned at six in the evening. A remarkably fast trip. The journey is supposed to take about five hours each way. Ron Osborne here this evening on a trading trip. He bought a couple of bags of copra and some trochus shell, and sold a considerable quantity of manufactured goods. The excitement of our presence has decreased the regular rather high output of copra by this community. At least we have spent about 20 pounds here. Started buying artifacts for the Museum. Have three kinds of shell money and a limestone so far. Native food is coming in well. We will try to lay in a stock to take to Woodlark, where population is only a few hundreds and garden produce is likely to be scarce. Since about the middle of last week there have been big doings at the Mission. Monsigneur Doyle, head of this mission, has been here for confirmations. About 120 people have been put through. (Since the mission started something over 600 have been baptized on the island; about half the population). The monsigneur, with Fathers Twomey and Earle, left about 6 this morning for Nimoa in the "St. Patrick." Tues. Wed. October 23: Rain much of the time from about 8:30 to 10 this am, spoiling my field work. Weather from the NE, over the sea. Went west through the mission and over the coastal slopes. Very tall, gloomy forest in which there were a few fallen flowers on the ground, and parrots feeding out of sight overhead, but I could collect very little through inability to see. Another Pteropus and a cuscus shot by Rus and Lionel; three Macroglossus in the net; two R. ruber trapped by a hospital boy at the mission. Nothing in our traps. I find that only the regular museum bait is being used.

Had Brother Grantwell to dinner. Plain bushman from Dalby, Queensland. Worked on farms, then for an undertaker. Has two brothers in the Church as lay breathren and another brother about to be ordained as a priest. Wed. October 24: Very heavy rain from daylight (5 o'clock) to after six in the morning; 162 points at the mission. More rain during the morning interrupted my field work. Afternoon fine and hot. Went up the mountain trail as far as a big new garden at approximately 80 m. Collected 18 numbers in second growths and primary forest (have 48 for three days at the camp). A curious pimiate substage tree with red cauliflorous flowers. Freak condition of thousands of short pendent (e.g. 1 m) adventitious leafy shoots from a big canopy tree whose branches had been entirely stripped off by falling trees when the garden was cleared. These shoots in flower. The hospital boy caught two more ruber in his two traps. A Pteropus conspicillatus shot by ikamak Rus. Bait changed to sweet potato and coconut today. We have daily contact with the mission. Rus drops in there often. Today Lionel fixed their broken-down lighting plant (small Lister diesel with injector trouble). "The mission small launch "Bambino" was sent around to Abaleti with an injector for cleaning. Brought back for us a tin of flour. Thursday Oct. 25: A rainless 24 hours. Today mostly with little cloud, and bright and hot. The evenings are warmer here I notice, than at Abaleti. And every morning close to dawn I wake and have to get half out from under my blanket. SandFlies are here, but in numbers too small to be troublesome. A few usually appear, and bite, toward sundown. Went up Wabu Creek about a mile, to where it narrowed and the hills began to close in. Tall forest broken by a new small garden clearing or two, and second growths (Riptadenia novoguineensis plentiflu) where gardens had been. Sago here and there on wet patches of ground. Taro the principal crop planted in the gardens. A fair number of bananas, some cassava, and odd plants of corn, hibiscus, etc. Have not seen any yams in this area. This seems to be a general season for burning off and planting the gardens. Trees usually clear felled. Sometimes the bigger trees are left standing, killed by fire, in the old Rossel fashion. Again nothing in departmental traps. The hospital boy brought in three more ruber from his two traps. Rus has not as yet inquired as to what the boy uses for bait. Three bats shot last night by Lionel; Pteropus conspicillatus, Nyctimene, and Macroglossus. Brother Grantwell came after dinner to play native songs for our Cosiages on the accordion and mouth organ. Only one of the boys came out to listen. Something went wrong. It might be the local feeling of Protestants versus Catholics and suspicion of the brother's motives. Grantwell once got as far as an audition in a national harmonica contest in Australia. Friday Oct. 26: Weather returned to strong SE. Rain threatened much of day. A thunderstorm in the evening. Day cooler than lately. Botanized up the mountain road again to about 80-100 m. Got only 11 numbers but there were mainly good trees of the primary forest. An Erythroxylon, the first on the trip, among them. The usual report on traps, two rats from the hospital traps. Kim, out shooting last night, got a cuscus and five Macroglossus. Previous to this, only one Macro-

plossus was shot - by Lionel. They are difficult on the wing. Kim waited for them to settle in a fruiting tree. To dinner with Brother Grantwell this evening. We provided the blue pigeons for the meal. The mission has an excellent cook, but our Kim knows more about doing up pigeons. A game of scrabble filled in the evening. The game seems popular in this country. Sat. Oct. 27: A considerable amount of rain in early morning, before dawn. More or less showery day. Weather from about east. Botanized, for very little, the hills on the east north side of the valley of Wabu Creek. Have seldom seen so little flowering and fruiting in a forest. This is an off season for plants. The Flora is poorer than that of any of the other islands we have worked on. A mail in this afternoon by the mission boat "Morning Star" brought a new Leica camera from the National Geographic. The focusing gear failed long ago in the camera I brought out with me. Tomorrow will be out last day in Jinju and I will probably spend it largely in trying to get close-up pictures. The same results, or lack of results, from expedition trap lines. The hospital boy brought in only one ruber this morning (he has been using coconut as bait). Yesterday, however, the Methodist teacher, not to be outdone, asked for two traps to set in his house in the village. This morning he brought in 15 ruber and two [illegible]! He did not say how long he set up to make the catch. Lionel this morning, with a local guide, investigated a bat cave we have long known about. Really a crack among jumbled rocks, about 20 minutes up Wabu Creek. Crack narrow and hard to get into. Caught 5 small Hipposideros of the species we already have for the island. Called on Father Earl in the evening (he returned from Nimoa on the Morning Star). One thing discussed was the early history of the Catholic Mission in these parts. Nothing seems to be known about the end of the Marist mission which went to Woodlark about 1849-50. Recently, however, a priest visited the reputed site of the mission and, digging, unearthed a chalice which is now in Sydney. The inference was that the priest who probably buried it must have been in a bad way. There is a legend on Rossel that, long ago, a white man came to the island who made the sign of the cross. He had only a shovel, with which he leveled ground for a house. Finally he was eaten. Sunday Oct. 28: Some small showers, and much good bright sunshine. Several severe black squalls from the east. Stayed in camp to attend to collections and correspondence and sent my boys into the field, mainly to collect the gum tree (Vatica) of Rossel. This is the same species that occurs on Sudest. It is very abundant on river flats and the lower ridges at Abaleti, on the south side of the island. Here it is anything but common, and, as everywhere else where I have seen it, the leaves, especially of the older trees, are very badly eaten by insects. Botanical collections for this camp number only 93; a poor total for seven days of field work. Herbarium sheets number 620. As previously noted, this is an off season for flowering and fruiting, and the flora of the island is poor. It is especially poor in ferns and orchids, groups which generally are well represented

Tuesday Dec. 2. Left Tamarama on "Kedelima" at 9.30 AM and arrived DAWA DAWA about one o'clock. My first visit to Philip Bay. Had on board, going to pick up school children who had come in by Tamarai for the Christmas holidays, Ray Taylor, his half caste wife (Terry English), Young Gracia English. Peter Theer's advance letter notwithstanding, there was no red carpet out for me at Dawa Dawa. The big house turned out to be the property of the village councillor, named ADELEI. Place about 30x 20 ft. The frame largely of Douglas fir and Australian hardwood, the roof of salvaged iron. ADELEI refused to vacate his house, saying he had no other. But the house has two rooms at each end, separated by a wide breezeway. I have rented two-thirds of it for 30/- a week. A high price, but worth it to me. My only alternative was to go cruising around the Bay or march of another locality. Situated on a narrow gravel spit on the east side of the mouth of the Dawa Dawa River (ca. 200-yard stream), the village is a new hamlet of five houses. The gray gravel was been taken to Tamarama in quantity for making concrete. On west side of river is small cocoanut plantation owned by Reialing. Touncillor (MAHURU MARK) who had been sent by Mr. D. himself turned up in improving middle-aged man about 50 years, in singlet, shorts & sandals, offering a clean washed monastic & a carved ebony walking stick.

Monday Dec. 3. SE weather with a southwesterly breeze of many rain a middle of 24 hours. That is the day I was in the bay & could not be seen in some areas. Recently I had been camp digging in 1973 & after lunch went out for two miles up the river to see by Penkings (Bingley Reserve) at the mouth of River B. The weather was fair, though the experience was spoiled by the rain. The hills a magnificent view steeply from the river to the east face of the mountain of this town where I practically all second growth trees had occupied a garden planted chiefly to teas, Tamarisk & Sweet Gardenia. There were no visitors here. There were two or three who visited me again. Tuesday Dec. 4. The weather was still SE wind pouring down the coast of the gulf. We ran on shore of rain & a sudden rain a sub in late evening. Turned into the mountain of a small running creek. Practically a (think for hours) [illegible] Tuesday Dec 4. Through SE wind pouring down the coast of the gulf. We ran on shore of rain & a sudden rain a sub in late evening. Turned into the mountain of a small running creek. Practically a (think for hours) [illegible]

85 13 An eight o'clock morning. I expected to get at least a good amount of second growth thickets. Was in primary forest up the stream. There were heavily shaded backs of walls, falls were practically bare of the ferns which I expected to find. Collected not a single plant in the primary forest. Very steep rocky slopes. Somewhere I had been cut on these slopes, & brought down to the coast. Some men were now working at this in the area I visited this morning. March 20th 5 to 8 a.m. From 7 to 8:30 a.m. we commenced up. The river by this time was far on the chipping creek, & we took a distance of 5-6 miles by the windings of the river, putting The total of species I sawing on steep banks. Passed as a point at the fourth bend. Just above my farthest point: was a big grassy island with a patch of small trees growing at it. Below the island a big sluggish tributary came in on the left. Some five bamboo, all on the right bank, I form of them below the fourth bend. One hour while we on the front of the left bank just above my far point. All along the right reach of the river I all the little flats had been cultivated. Many little primary forest except on the steep slope. The rest of the high hills 1805 my far point I was behind. The Coastal range, which rises to 3000 feet. The one left visible upstream was only 200-300 ft high. The river is little part. The fourth bend a distance of almost 2 miles, but the water is quite fresh for before that point. But the mouth it is only half to dry. Too some distance above the fourth bend, all can of small yellow fish, about 15cm. long were swimming upstream. I take it to be the annual migration of white tail. They were too fast for me when I tried to catch them in a butterfly net. But the boys catched a brown at 10 in an old basket. They found on the river bank.

We were was a poor for C. as far as Taw very few butterflies, only species of dragon fly, & two of damselfly. Caught only one dragonfly (a few by Bomphe) & one damselfly. The village is infested by strange undeciduous, weak mungo days. They snuck a great at all hours of day and night. That night the cock having preyed my two pairs of boots, 60. Then in the chattered kitchen. It was a thing after thing to do. This morning I was shown the results. From each of the leather laces taken off. Tops of the fun whilst practicing many chewed away. But today the crassage was not worse. When my for point up the mine Tuesday on the right bank some Gansa Taura men were cleaning farms for the following of 53-150 experimental coffee trees. Torricella ADELI we them. They call coffee "C.F." Thursday Dec. 6: Weather continues about southwest. Rainless 24 hours but for a slight shower about 1 pm. My missing typewriter and some mail were brought from Semarai today by Maluru Makt of Gwadili. A letter from me, dated yesterday, says they we have been delayed by the non- appearance of Lamley's boat and will be sailing on the "Chinanga" at twelve tonight. In four days on the mainland they had the remarkably good haul of 13 species, 39 individuals (Dactylozax, Pseudocheirus, Nyctimene albiventer, Rousettus, a very big Pteropus, Trogomy, Pogonomy, Syconycteris, Pilistrellus, Phalanger orientalis, Melonyx, Petaurus, large Dobsonia. Trapping must have been very poor, if traps were set (only the Melomys is likely to have been trapped). I have spent the day in camp. Have decided to vacate this camp at the first opportunity, and today I expected a boat to go by en route to the head of the bay to pick up Garsair passengers, etc, due early tomorrow. Perhaps the flight has been delayed a day. This morning I called my boys into council in the hope that from one of them I could get information on a fruiting and genus-rich locality with "good bush" suitable for botanizing. No information was forthcoming. I lean towards the south (Suri) coast, not far from Semarai. A large area there, between Pylo Bay and Semarai (and Milno Bay, for that matter) has not been touched for plants except for a few numbers collected in the 1870s by the missionary James Chrimers. Friday Dec. 7: Sultry day of high thin overcast. No wind at all. Not a glimpse of the sun. Was packed up before nine and waited all day for a boat to turn up, going in the direction of Semarai. None came. Did not hear the sound of the plane at the head of the Bay, so conclude that it did not arrive from Port Moresby. The tender

Thursday Jan. 3: My last day at Tamara. 1966 Developed into a last-born m.b. Was notified at 11.18 that the "Rhen" would have at noon, instead of one o'clock. Said then for to say: 'Burned good byes.' Left Tamara at 17.03 and arrived at GABAGABUNA, Phils Bay about 4 o'clock. Tore smooth passage, hot this day. The barnd uncle of a sawmiller named Phoebe was at the wharf and gave us a lift to the landing post of Manu Jansen, about 2 miles in land. Johansens native wife, 18 years, with us on our way back to Port Moresby, when they have a home. Manu a big gray clean-shaven old Dane of 70 years. Married to a native woman (a thinly little old woman). I was too soon. Had been in Papua over 10 years & in Phils Bay over 30. Was 17 years an overseer at Ternan, Gili Gili, Manatoc. The last 9 years a head overseer. Refused evacuation in World War II. I ended a charge of the Phils Bay refugees at MODENA. A good host. Found old man with an interest in astronomy. Friday Jan. 4: Barrain has 16 passengers merely at 16 mercy, & sent them accordingly. From today, we went 1000 in Tamara. There would be two planes. One would go a to the brothers. The second, a special carrying Doctor Ken Baldwin to Phils Bay, would arrive first, at 8 AM, & later in to Port Moresby. The first plane came down of ca 9:30. I went on to the brothers, the second about 1:40. Ten minutes after the other came back from the brothers & looked on baggage on board. He was transferred to the second plane, left at 1:56 & it down at Jackson Wharf, Port Moresby, at 3:50. A great flight on 1000-3500 feet. [illegible]

136'47 The 1st. Monrty on a boat had very good rain & in consequence the savanna hills, which are dry & brown through most of the year, are brightly green. Have never seen the dry area so bright & lush. This work is in progress on a third very long pipeline, at the air port. 80 engineers & foremen are working completion. Arriving at th. Bafure Hotel, 17-12-6 a day measur. Tariff for a single room. Have an air breaking by Canta for Tae on Tuesday. Talked with a Californian oil driller, who arrived 18 day in work for the Mombasa River. He is in the employ of an American contracting company which deals with A.P.C. (Australian & New Zealand Petroleum Company). Says American drillers put down a hole in 6 months that Australians or English would take 12 months to complete. He is on a bit from Cape Town. Has also drilled in Australia. Sat. Jan. 5: Very hot, no rain. My quarters were rather troublesome in the hotel. During storm last night. After a couple of some years. The heavy black squalls called GUBU are said to be a feature of this wet season. Saturday is a full holiday for Government officers in Port Moresby (and Tae) so could not get any business done today. Bought for 15-2-6 (ca $11) a pair of shoes which would have cost $20 in New York, or more. Called on Mr. E. (Albert) Davis, manager Bank of New South Wales, who took me to the Papuan Club. Saw them Francis & Berne Ryan J. B.P.S. (Fried). J. Thompson's Trading Co., Allan De Groen, F.M. Jones, etc. All spoke of the earlier expeditions, especially of the Tuba & her crew. An A.P.C. man said his company is spending $12 million on oil prospecting this financial year. There will be a State Animal Ecologist (from a biologists) who has been in the west lately. Says

he saw at the British Museum, in the day of the fly, which he was fairly sure was red wollok. His animals & very p.d. Rocky Tasmania found Country. & going back to collect a series of The Museum a male & female if he can get through material. He has the Papuan from a far East in Papua or Bgo. The Papuan monkey is a new species will not wipe down the back, recently described by Talm. for Sat. Jan. 6. Breezy day for Sir. Not at all. Heavy thunderclouds inland. No rain here. Had Dr. Dorothy Thaw (Plans Pathologist) to lunch at the hotel. To be visited the Public Library. Then sat on the beach with Smith & Cadbury- Fly & his wife a small boy. Smith came from the Gold Coast born. 8 years ago. First visited N.G. to look for a suitable area of land in which to establish a cocoa plantation for his company. This project was dropped for reasons I do not know. Smith now going to Robert, where he will be stationed to south of the Tadbury- Fly which. New Trinus cocoa is of good quality but has a "sharp" flavor. It is being used in Australia to blend with other cocoa. 18th INTEGRATIVE Experiment. Train workers are given a piece of chocolate made from 80 per cent from New Guinea beans, and asked which they prefer. Most people so far have chosen the local flavor. The principal market in Australia is for milk chocolate. Thursday Jan. 7: snow a lot except, rather dry with light rain about 5 P.M. this evening. A big day of official visits. Attended with my air bookings with Carlos. They previously wrongly told it will be my usual Tamanci-Bari more by plane flight from Bth. & Tas & back. Made a boy F17 add in the hamamia. 18th Hondola (good headgear), first called a Tamar's Gift in the Lincoln. The McAdam, who was out.

138 164 They visited Dorothy Thaw at Dept. of Agriculture and after that, Sirica Burger, who was absent; he had his office for a Board meeting. Found from him, however, that a permit had been issued for the effect of one biological collecting. Saw a copy of the Cyprian (Came to me, from a Collector of Fisheries, Jamaica) I discovered that as a condition of export we were required to give the types to the PNG Administration. Then I met Mr. P. of Native Affairs, when I saw from Julian, Govt. Botanist, Port Moresby, The Director Peters. The department had second one "an Cyprian" for export. Julian told me own morning he had visited PNG on a formal paper; his own work in practice confirmed it. He was very careful; spoke many of the advantages of government posts in the Territories. I think this is our 80 now. Finished the morning with a talk with Claude Thompson, who is now acting head of Forests Affairs, who drove me back to the hotel for lunch. After lunch, posted the palaeontologists, for which I have been awaiting an official permit — which is no longer necessary for such things. Rizal of my provisional air lift. Then to Evan Thompson’s (Commissioner of Titles, a something). Office in Town. There “effects” (I was told) when I first saw Mr. Allen. Very cordial. Talked to Tokolos in a forestry matter, especially the preparation of Eucalyptus Cunninghamii & S. Petersen in the Tulloch timber exploitation area. They know, from any work in Queensland, how to regard Cunninghamii. Klinker is still a problem. The former in the better timber, the latter, a new commercial product, has been most published on the market. After McPadden visited Burger. Very reflective. Finally we got around to discussing the export permit his department had issued. The demand for types was a mistake, of course. I do not know

Burger, a Hindiman, his 72, who is now away in '6 Had an interview with Admimn. note S.M. Thland at 3.30. He seemed in a hurry & did not learn much to say. The coldd on New Hamegan who is now Abcay Shot. Melmann kata, Bulet 12 day with a visit to the club with Clancy Champion. My late in the hotel today is a Dutchman named Roon, a building contractor at Hollandia, a bit way cock from Ameboha. Says there are now about 7000 white people at Hollandia. Until recently the only building was U.S. warlim (concrete & gourds). Now some 500 new places are being put up. The Dutch feel sure in west New Guinea. They don't trust the Unit. I make an ownership, discuss in Pasarollb & then. Many Emanans have been killed in West Guinea since the war. The Settlement scheme a failure. Too many of the half-castes "stay to good families" I will not do land work. No farming being done with E. donors. I left perhaps in an service, while the Indonesian pledged with the Dutch to carry on. Most building material comes from Singapore. Cheapa Hata Plant- station. Trial West Guinea. 20% of timber is a little less. From Dean Thompson & came that the PNG Government still maintains a lot of 5's a 6 pound here along the Bank cattle. During the morning I visited the Administrative museum with Justice Judge Shipwell, & Chief Jones (from ministry). A Committee was formed in the museum started at least 10am. Collection of about 2000 artifacts housed in the old Governor's house & office building. Firms to work effective arrangement. Some very good things, mainly (the most compromised) from the Tufik, Manus, & Solomons coast. Tuesday Jan.8. Tofa last Monday at 7.50AM by Charles Dich "New Guinea Road" arrived Tuesday 9:10. Aircraft flight but could see little of the country, & none of the Main Range, far cloud. Two met by John Brownellty, who took me to the

Hotel Cecil (Mrs. Plantant, an old dame who knows La Petite Regence etc.). Toba in the morning visited the Transit Station, John showed me through the Botanic Garden. Did not see much of the Arboretum. There is room enough for the 13,000 trees (in Merrill's paper), but the walls, as under wide travers, come only half way from floor to roof, & rain can flow in. The good ventilation probably saves the place. Two women & 2 natives work in the Arboretum. Botanic Garden are on a [illegible] reserve 60 (64?). Ginny, age (cattle, adjoining), 18 acres an available under the 1964 planning scheme. High red river lies about 50-80 ft. from, but well drained, as separated. This is a permanent well stream, a little ways away, & a strip of original 167 old rain forest under the trunk of the tree. The plan is kept around 8 some planting has been done. 18 big that huge contains a good new collection of native (a few hybrid) orchids, [illegible], ferns, etc. There are great possibilities in the garden. A new, reinforced concrete building & office building should be put up this year. In afternoon John drove me some miles along the Public road to see the country. Following in a his own ability was P.M. (Percy) Bains, an entomologist, his for 18 months for the Fijian Government on investigation of the banana scale pest. He found larvae of one of his scales at Delcose. Returning to Taa, we called in at the cocoa plantation of Henry, formerly of The Ash of Torres, who has 40 acres under tree. I propose to plant 120 acres. The cocoa is doing well. It runs with which chocolate manufacture in Australia are showing great interest. Miss Robertson have a plantation not far from Henry's. Henry is the last of the old Pioneer family of that name in Victoria. The last of the family fortune is invested in the cocoa. In evening John & Mary Womersley had Paul & John dinner in a Chinese restaurant (not too good). Bains showed some good Kudzu from sticks he has found in New Guinea.

141 176 Wed. Jan. 2: Day spent on a visit to the Highlands, with John Womansley on the D.C. which The government plans to do a round of the population every Wednesday. Left for at 7:30, I landed at Tanaka from 10-50 mm. rain. The Thibetian of Birmingham met me at the airport. Tanaka is in the centre of an area in which, Scotland over many years, is covered by several air drones, coffee is being grown by Europeans. Country is almost entirely deforested except for a few trees along riverbanks & a ravine. Many native population living in their own houses. I wonder that the older plantations are just about coming into full bearing; this is a critical item for the growing industry (A visiting expert reported to the local council). From Tanaka we flew to MONTI, passing over the Thimba valley & part. Nalima on the way. Minj is in the great Mwagi Valley, at ca. 3500 ft. Women live in small huts & both men & women wear a sort of shawls of native cloth. Some cocoa plantings. (Probably more state for European government in the Mwagi than in the Tanaka area). I saw the team of a Travel Room from the ABO of Minj & drove across the valley to NORDUCL, a distance of about 15 miles, by fairly good clay-covered road. At Nordugl, the goat & the Edward Mathew leave a small project in sheep raising. Have ca. 1000 head of Romney Marsh breed in charge of Frank Penable-Smith of the Dept. of African culture. Various flukes have been involving in their rotation of grazing, on small paddocks, more practical to control the flukes. The original object was to introduce sheep into this grassy valley in an African theme for the natives, but the natives have shown no interest. A wildlife section of Nordugl is in charge of Thom Magu with a private collection of birds & mammals. This is a private project of Notelum. Magu has been in charge for 3 years. It thoroughly equipped up in his charges. The property has been well developed with big cages, ponds, & plantings for the little shells & ornament. Many of which of parrots and doves will be captive. Then an African duck. 8 No. of Bichicolores, Tama pipiens, [illegible]

142 + 2 Paint are same very fine brown limestone occurring in the Chimba area. The Mapigi Valley appears to be on a stage of redirectional, which covers long narrow flat topped ridges on which the natives have their gardens & chilang houses. Mr. Bwaka, the first wagon driver at the railroad was a native who was married to a white woman (Miss Flannell) whom we much detest about he had to wearing conventional woolen clothes. He being well jangling pieces of shell. He well built, vigorous people in the Mapigi. Very friendly. They have never given any serious difficulties. It has been reported in the mountain regions near Chimba. There to have removed them totally, for the forest has been only partly cleared. Tall trees grows in the gardens, as at the upper slopes of the Bolom Valley. Same as planted Sanclanus in the valleys. The sun was hot on the Highlands, but in the shade it was cool. Currently has a cornfield, & very fertile alfalfa and wheat. 180° North light from maximum from 9am to about 35°, minimum 12°. Thursday, Jan. 16: To Bulute with John's big small Four Some than in an official band Rover with a good railway down. There is a dry spell in the inland wet season (this is the very warm air blast) & the road was in good condition. Mending gravel road. We did 59 miles in 10 minutes, under 3 hours, which was considered good going. Road rises to about 81,000 ft. when it enters the Wambo (Tinak River ?). Basin. The largely grainy. Much steep ground & especially in the upper part of the valley is apparently in prospecting. House feel very unstable. Much climbing & slipping on the slopes. Very thick steps, some 400 ft. below along road. Stayed at San Todge Hotel. Really a superior night with a 2-room cottage, each room with bath, & a big building with dining room, Lounge, & etc. (Bread & butter prepared in foreground from the local mill) & other, V.T. Walnut (Bracea formosa). Classical fun, I'd prefer one. After lunch we visited the plywood mill (Treadon, manana). Big, very modern new plant, not at full capacity. Saw the process, from the log to sawing, planing, drying, trimming, packing & packaging. We were intrigued by the gaining handling

143 of the logs, in the peeling of the bark & the peeling of the wood of the beautifully straight logs. Many operation are conducted by electric type & other machine devices. There is no packaging of plywood for the local market. In the Australian market it is done up, about 10-12 sheets together in paper. For export to San Francisco, it is packed in plywood crates. 1911 Shawanda Blinkin being manufactured at present time. At the mill we drove up the slope to the logging area. Topped of a log headdock & saw no actual handling of logs. The lower slopes of the mountain carry Eucalyptus plants of D. blinkii. Unknown in size, but fine trees being small enough to be called saplings. Or in dictionary of mixed rain forest species. Average height of blinkii is about 230 ft., average girth about 10 ft. Gari collects a royalty of 2/- per 100 cubic feet (in Queensland it is in 25/- per 28. cunninghamii) & under later replantation. Tylor station is on a mainland field. Caris on a rotation of 70 years. Riffy trees considered even enough to produce good mill logs. Practically c.11 standing trees (as has been cunninghamii, which germinates established well. Blinkin gives trouble in establishment, though it germinates fairly well & can be satisfactorily transferred to tubers. Visited the Forest Station & talked with Regional Forester David Bun, who did not impress me as being really 10 ft. calibre. Said he had about 15 million young trees ready to go out in March. Affirmed that plant 1000 acres this operational year. Bun says that blinkii occurs a scrub & secondary rocks, never, so far as he knows, a granite. The soil of the blinkii forest is silt, clay, clayey & contains much rusty rock. Growth is not good at the Sandstones, which are too dry for part of the year. This is a soling, which produces a clayey soil. Top personnel in forest & mill are Australians, trained in Canada. About 500 men employed. Only two chiefs of original eight, now in operation & they will slow down in about another year. The lumber question will employ as many men as the gold did. Friday Jan 11: Returned to Tas in the morning. John had to meet G.A.R. Tharby, retired Geologist of A.P.C., who will represent P.N.A. Scientific

{ "text": "1944\n\nStaying at the ANZAS conference, be held soon in New\nZealand.\n\nI have a booking to Cairns by Qantas plane\nLeaving at 7 am tomorrow. Repair of one of a\nbicycle on the Coral Sea, which has delayed from\nMcLough's an Holfic.\n\nThe Womersleys gave a cocktail party for Raine Stanley,\n& myself. Present were Mall (DC), Blairland (DC), etc.\nStanley, Jane & I stayed for dinner & afterwards with\nMr. William Kodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William\nKodachaman, which John and I this year or Mr. William [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

145 I am staying at the Hotel Travellers recommended by Mable Noll. Not as good as Rieder's and to be. To Prangya Pujas Appointment. I was a guest of Tribul & Rose Bole, Birthday dinner for Ted & Bob. Bob is a medical friend of Bob. Bob is a medical student. Bates informs me that the giant land Buffalos which has inflicted coastal work Queensland for years, is now definitely on the decrease in top 3 numbers. Tuesday Jan 13: Another very wet day. Floods are widespread in NE Queensland. Prangya Pujas, who was out and collecting yesterday, picked me up at the hotel about 10 AM. Took me to his wonderful home of Toga Hill. (Brought them two forest trees with them). Then the morning looking at Prangya's fine collection of beetles. Mostly local species but a few specimens got by my change from other parts of Australia & overseas. Tribul's specimens have been examined by specialists. The specialists could give him excitement in which specialists could give him has been in groups in which specialists could give him identification. I have collected several new species, which have been named by other workers. Returned to the hotel at 4 PM. Wednesday Jan 14: Some showers but not too much. Tried first to TAP to arrange an air booking for Brisbane for Wednesday. TAP handle Captain affairs in Cairns. But it does not belong to the international air organisation & my return ticket by Qantas to Brisbane was only good as a credit against the TAP fare of $20. Had to pay an additional $12/15/. A very common state of affair for a big company, owned by The Australian Government, as is Qantas. Failed in Townsville, State cabinet, Dept. of Agriculture & Stock. Cordial, but did not seem very happy at seeing me. Tala got in touch with Tom (T.F.) Noll, manager, Townsend & Mason Electrical Co. With Prangya Pujas and Frank Moody, we had some beers before lunch. Went out to Phillips place in afternoon. To The Nolls (Tom & Betty) for a very good dinner. Home grown Australian coffee and home grown peafowl at the table. I understand that there has been wrangling & political even fighting in the formerly good M.Q. Naturalists Club, & that the club is no longer very active. Mr. Read is now president. [illegible] [illegible]

146 175 Was handed into the hands of Bob Hunter, who casts himself Tropical Tours. It is part of a ship play which I must pay to see. Hugh Fisk, formerly J. Moulton, called to see me. He has a camping trailer in Cairns. He is much interested in growing orchids. His father was a qualified mining engineer manager in an iron mine in West Australia. Has lately put out the world's biggest specimen of pitch bends, weighing over 2000 lbs. Tuesday Jan. 12 Fairly fine day & rather hot. Familiar here as my family as opposite or by Tanana, Pat. Morrisby & Rae. Was interviewed at the hotel by two young men from the Cairns radio station & made a recording on our walk in New Guinea, 15 minutes over the part & 16 meaning. Wrote my article of one experiment going wrong in the tropics in my "New Geographic" (but geophi can). Had to leave it off because of a fault with this morning. Could not unlock it when going through Tuscan on Tuesday. Flood Still Reed for lunch. He has been president of The N.A.T.C. Club for the past 3 years. We are now will have the full 3 club. Club will publish its newly brilliant to the club. Club has over 100 members, many non-resident, who pay only 10/- a year. Called on Dr. H. Thacker, pathologist, founder of the N.A.T.C. Club & now 72 years old. Has kept a lot in the past 3 years. Says the Club is a success and has been very good. Erica Stephen visited the "Tropical Objects" show at Cairns in Harbour Road buildings on the main front. One long room contains Hunter's own anthropological collection of many of the objects from the North Queensland Museum collection, mainly ethnological. A few numbers of mammals, a few from the AMNA, mostly local specimens collected by Baden Stephen & badly prepared. I got in charge keeps the room & came clean, but the inside is many of Hunter's poorly labelled cases on in a box with dust. Administraion charge 2/- for the Tropical Tours clearing my visit.

148 150 [illegible] educational purposes. There [illegible] in a [illegible] room which held 160 people. No woman in staff (Mack, Maud (young Protestant), Vernon & another [illegible]. Mack, a self confident man, and his brother. Very critical of Europeans. [illegible] work on Malaysian-Australian rats, published ca. 1950. Says that a new rat species described from Cape Town [illegible] was belonging to the species to which it was allocated. Mack, for comparison, had been [illegible] Thomas types from the British Museum. Learned from Maud that Tim Blake now has a doctorate, based on his published work. [illegible]. To Warwick, Tannum Sands & Dalby 1916. Left Brisbane by [illegible] train late afternoon & arrived Warwick in about an hour. Stayed overnight with brother Eric in suburb of Warwick. 1916. Went on to Toowoomba by [illegible] train; about 12 hours. Visited the [illegible] until evening when I left for Dalby by rail motor, arriving at 8.50 PM. [illegible] and motor car journey, but would not be bad to learn that [illegible] if they did not make so many stops. Dalby is 50 miles from Toowoomba, 150 from Brisbane. Stayed with brother Brian. 2016. Gave with Brian & his family to the very [illegible] Junction Man, [illegible] a [illegible] on the Condamine River to the property of course Beverly Littleton. Touring in fine shape of a season of ample rains. Large scale farming of wheat, grain [illegible] (wheat), canary seed, turnip, lucerne, etc. 1800 dairying & sheep raising, principally for the fat lamb trade. Great property. The man on the land has done well since World War II. 215. Returned to Toowoomba by rail motor to stay with the [illegible]. Town prosperous & growing fast. Population now ca. 63,000. Second largest town in Queensland. [illegible] Returned to Brisbane by [illegible].

Jan. 23 Traveled to Palmnatt (by train to wait) with Boris. Prolonged journey of three hours. My first tram carriage in from 1760 of repair. The main rail road would not often. The Queensland Railways are in a very poor condition. In afternoon drove about 82 miles north along the Bruce Highway through mostly closely settled farming area by pineapple, bananas (chiefly to their fungus), sugarcane, dairying. Then through the town of Nambour, jardine, Emmet & Cooney. Highway road for the most part, but in poor repair in some parts, & in some places too narrow. Thursday Jan. 24 Back to Brisbane by car (79 miles by road). Bid good The spring in town & in evening last dinner with the Walkers at Hotel. Fri. Jan. 25 Visited The Queensland Museum & Talked with Ernest & Blake. Blake [illegible] for flora Macquaria; should be finished by June. He & Lindsay will arrange them to work on my 1863 Cape York collection. About Golden Fruits, E.T.B.D. (c) Jan Mackie, B.C.S.I.R.O. plant collector. Pons (many drug research). I am to examine an area about the head of the Escape River where in 1763 I obtained from the air what appeared to be a large case of rain forest. Wanted hope that the Australian Government will agree to publishing a complete enumeration of my Cape York plants. Very valuable from a plant's geographical viewpoint, as my collection is the only important, properly stocked collection now made in the area. Visited N.S. Pearce & Mrs. T.F. Whit at Margaret Point. They said good bye at The Queen- land Museum. Mackie's last print finished a week before dinner on geological history in an annual of 30 school gardens. Traveled to buy knitted woolen goods (for gifts). Back home, but stocks are not opened until March.

150 Jan. 26. Visited the E.R. Phillips, lawyer at Tamal Hall. Sunday Jan. 27: Left this town for Tamai Airport at 10 PM. by Danlan (arrived flying 12.23/24). Tomough and through my clean. Staying at Manworth Hotel (E3-0-0 per day). Monday Jan. 29: Australian Day & a clan holiday. Thep at chand. Could not buy a magazine to read. Not much sleep last night. I completed an acclimation plate before lunch, saw the Shambra Market at 10 am. Other The streets in the morning. A woman wearing long (we've been a woman in shorts). Different from Brisbane. Visited the Australian Museum (Tent). I went through the (Ireland) in afternoon. (10 pounds for two examined with 8 dairy animals, etc. Only a few habitat proofs.) The birds are mostly small. The mammal collection is being organized according to a book. Some halls closed off. Exhibitions fairly good. A lot of Map Demonstrations, Smoking of cigars & pipes too. I telephoned tomorrow to appear at Danlan's office next day. Found that some travel individual and a market when I reported in & finalized my booking for Tan Francis the morning. I just went down for tomorrow's flight instead of Wednesday's. Not really in for confirmation of this booking. The town has been notified. Stopped in to the station bar of the hotel to see the TV show (introduced in Australia from November). A show an imitation of a man, Napthia U.S. Showmanship, as they can achieve. I have heard that this TV is not going well in Australia. Lots of 24 for under effecti- ation, we wonder. Tuesday Jan. 29: Tried again (at David Jones) to get [illegible] travellers. There was no one open. Then to the Botanic Gardens. Talked with Anderson (Auntie), Man (21Y), Thin Findal (firms), Johnnie (45). A man who "has not" (had well) according to Tan Wicker, but does any acclaimation with me for John. Man in early middle age; thin, the man will soon move to the Botanic Garden, Danlan, like an

{ "text": "an agricultural officer was in New Zealand for a\nwhile. I met him at Toronto. He was very agreeable.\nHe showed me some of his collection after morning tea.\nI found that he had been ill with malarious fever, but\nhad recovered. He had lost about 10 lbs. in weight.\nHe was doing a survey of Tasmania for the\nAustralian Government. He had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum.\nHe had a part of\nthe collection at the Australian Museum [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 5TH ARCHBOLD EXPEDITION TO NEW GUINEA L. J. BRASS, BOTANIST & LEADER R. F. PETERSON, ZOOLOGIST ADDRESS ALL MAIL IN CARE OF OUR AGENTS: A. H. HUNTING, LIMITED SAMARAI, PAPUA/NEW GUINEA.

ARCHBOLD EXPEDITIONS OF THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 5th ARCHBOLD EXPEDITION TO NEW GUINEA L. J. BRASS, BOTANIST & LEADER R. F. PETERSON, ZOOLOGIST ADDRESS ALL MAIL IN CARE OF OUR AGENTS: A. H. HUNTING, LIMITED SAMARAI, PAPUA/NEW GUINEA.