Lake Umbagog journals, 1871-1916 (inclusive)

SBv 97.41.5 (12) 12. Birds of Lake Umbagog, Maine. Pinicola enucleator leucura - - - - - - I. Carpodacus purpureus - - - - - - - - - 2. Passer domesticus - - - - - - - - - - - 3. Loxia curvirostra minor - - - - - - - 4. leucoptera - - - - - - - - - - - - - 5. Acanthis linaria - - - - - - - - - - -6. rostrata - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. Astragalinus tristis - - - - - - - - - 8. Spinus pinus - - - - - - - - - - - - 9. Passerina nivalis - - - - - - - - - - 10. Pooecetes gramineus - - - - - - - - - 11. Passerculus princeps - - - - - - - - - 12. sandwichensis savanna - - - - - - - 13.

Pinicola enucleator leucura.

Pinicola enucleator leucura. L. Umbagog, Maine. Pinnister Aug 27 1st first ♂ shot - Sept. 8 2nd first ♀ shot - 1874 / Oct. 20 2d heard Pinicola enucleator, Oct. 15, 16, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31 1884. Pinicola canadensis - Oct. 23 1st heard 1886. Sept. Pinicola can. 25-27 - Oct 11 heard 1888 1889 Pinicola can. Oct. 5 (heard) 8 (heard) - 18³ - 19²⁴ - 20¹ - 21¹ - 22¹ - 23¹ - 24 ad & shot - 25 2nd heard... 26⁴ 1889. PINE GROSBEAK. L. Umbagog, Maine. (1) copy I noted the first Grosbeaks Oct. 5th. After the I5th. they were seen or heard daily. They were generally distributed over the whole country, even found in the dense forests quite as much as about the edges of openings. On Oct. 24th., I saw a flock composed of four males all in full red plumage. They are tame birds, gentle and unsuspecting, but restless, flying a great deal and alighting chiefly on the tops of small spruces. They come readily to the imitation of their whistling call. I was unable to ascertain on what they were feeding. They did not seem to frequent any particular kind of trees, and I found nothing recognizable in the stomachs of specimens that I killed. Pinicola enucleator. Maino (Lake Umbagog). 1874. Aug. 27. Shot a young bird, moulting and changing from first to full plumage. I heard him whistling in the dense woods bordering Leonard's Pond, and by imitating his note called him directly to me. 1882. Oct. 8-22. Heard October 19 and one soon October 21.

Pinicola enucleator leucura. Descriptions of First Plumage of Certain North Am. Bbs. Wm.Brewster. 53. Pinicola enucleator. First plumage: male. Forehead, crown, cheeks, and throat dull yellowish-brown, lightest on the throat, with a few blood-red feathers inter-mixed on the forehead and cheeks. A dusky line through the lores. Occiput and interscapular region purplish olive-brown; nape a lighter shade of the same color ; tail-coverts and rump dull yellowish-red; wingbands and edging of secondaries light wood-brown; entire under parts reddish-brown, lightest on abdomen, most pronounced on breast and sides. From a specimen in my collection shot at Upton, Me., August 27, 1874. Young birds in the second or autumnal plumage exhibit almost endless variations of coloring. The males may be distinguished in most cases by the coppery-red on the crown and rump; but some females have the ordinary brownish-yellow on those parts, strongly tinged with red. One young male in my collection exhibits a broad pectoral band of light rose-color mixed with reddish-yellow. Bull. N.O.C. 3, July, 1878. p. 116.

Pinicola enucleator leucura. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Pinicola canadensis October 1. On flying about camp early this morning alighting on the tops of the shrines, whistling almost incessantly for ten or fifteen minutes. I thought I heard one yesterday in the same place. Lake Umbagog. 1896. Pinicola enucleator May 13 home (trotted): Shrews hasten, Moon not many times clear, Ballads Wathams climbed to the tops of Shelled & Saddle Back Mts. June 16 - 17) but could find no Grosbeaks there) Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Pinicola canadensis Sept. 26 and 27 old Oct. 13 'gray bird Pine Pt. Bell, Maine, 1904. Pinicola canadensis. Apple orchard just behind Dr. J. Brown March 1 (4) card warm 2 (17) c. seen at 7 a.m. 5 Mayrew! 6 by Dr. Gehring Eating Lunch Birds 3 20 c. apple orchard (1 red & 4 grays) 4 after orchard, 5 - 1 red & 4 gray birds from off the hill 4. P. M. (5 gray birds) Preston 27. 93 orchard. 8 a.m. 16 Par. / Blau. 17 gray bird Dr. G's station 27. 93. orchard. each f. farm 6 (8 red) 8 and (4 red) 9 a.m. 7 (14) 8 (22) 12 (38) 9 (12) 10 (25) (11 gray) (4 gray) "" orchard both Preston 26. orch. Preston 26. orchard 11 (3) Xr. 9. 12 (7 gray) Dr. J's W. 13 13 (2 red 2 gray) 14 (2 red 2 gray) 15 (5 gray) 16 (6 red 18 gray) 17 (2 gray, 1 gray) 18 several 19 (3 of) Preston 20 (5 gray) 21 (red 2 gray) Preston 20. orchard. 22 (9 red birds Eating Lunch Birds) March 8" - Singing berries trees: eating tough or white pine buds. 15" - Eating birch buds, scuffle buds & frozen of Mrs. 26 A red & hopping about on snows near the house again within 1/2 miles of my hut looking up at me curiously.

Pinicola enucleator leucura. 1889, October 25. Lake Umbagog. Pine Point. Just after breakfast heard Pine Grosbeaks whistling be- hind the camp. Went in search of them and came upon four, all a- dult males.

Pinicola enucleator 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 26th One whistling early this morning on Pine Point. 1898 September 19th One whistling near Pancake Corner, Falls upon Megalloway C. 1902. January 5 (3 red / 4 gray) 6 red. 7 1 red. [2 3 red / with face] Bethel. 1903. December 11'gray bird 12 do. Bethel. 1904 February 12 3 red / 3 gray eating from apples 13 13 eating bread / buds 15 2 red / 10 gray 6'gray 16 5 red / 5 gray 17 4 18 6 gray } Bethel. 20 1 red / 9 gray 22 red 23 12 27 4 red / 5 gray 28 5 red / 2 gray 3 red / 3 gray 29 8 Pardom. March 14 2 17c. 6 red / 11 gray 3 21 (Pardom) 4 8 red 5 4 red / 4 gray 11 red 1 gray 6 8 red / 11 gray 4 red / 4 gray 7 14 8 23 13 9 12 10 7 to 8 11 3 13 4 red / 2 gray 13 2 red / 2 gray 14 2 red / 2 gray 3 red / 3 gray } Bethel. 15 5 red / 15 gray 22 15 9 16 6 red / 15 gray 17 2 gray 1 gray 18 star- 19 3 or 4 20 5 to 21 1 red / 1 gray 2 gray 22 1 red / 1 gray 1 gray 25 2 gray 3 gray 26 1 red / 2 gray November 13 3 in larch too far off to take color. Can not be heard. Bethel. 1907. January 19 red. 20 red. 21 red. 3 1 red. Bethel.

Carpodacus purpureus. 2

Carpodacus purpureus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June 19. Very common and distributed every where throughout the woods. The males usually sang from the tops of the tallest spruces. copy D 1879. June 16. This bird, like the Robin, is found everywhere throu- ghout these forests, often many miles from any clearing. The songs of all-the males here differ markedly from those of Massachusetts birds, in being shorter, and pos- sessing a wild, ringing tone that makes them on the whole more beautiful, if more abrupt and less finished. 1882. Oct. 8-22 Common for the first week of our stay. Were seen on the 18th but none afterwards.

Carpodacus purpureus. Albinism and Melanism in North American Birds. Ruthven Deane. Mr. George A. Boardman has in his fine collection, in which so many albino birds are represented, a pure white Purple Finch ; and through the kindness of Mr. H. Herrick of New York I have in my collection a dull cream-colored bird of this species which he shot at Umbagog Lake, Me., some years ago. Bull. N.O.C. 4, Jan., 1879, p.23

Carpodacus purpureus. Carpodacus purpureus " We have just received 70 Purple Finches in the flesh from Rangeley Lakes, Me " J. T. Jenks, in this Jan'y 17, 1854 Carpodacus purpureus 1885. Oct. 9^s 11^c 12^c 13^c 16^c 17^c 18^c 21^c 22^c 23^c 24^c 25^c 26^c 27^c MAINE. (L. Umbagog.) Carpodacus purpureus 1885- Oct 9_ Abundant, going in small flocks, occasionally associated with Red Crossbills, ranging restlessly about our the woods, feeding chiefly on the seeds of balsam and spruce cones. On still warm mornings the males sing freely and early as well as in Spring. L. Umbagog, Maine. Carpodacus purpureus.- very common. May 30-June 10, 1871. Carpodacus 1881 May 13 large flock in / 1882 shades Oct. 10 - 18 3 (to last) Maine (L. Umbagog) Wintering 1886 Feb. 9 three | all in gray plumage | shot at about noon and placed by women garment were received by me in the flesh on Feb. 18th. The sexual organs were undeveloped. Carpodacus purpureus, Oct. 14, 26 1884.

Carpodacus purpureus. 1893, October 15. In full song. Lake Umbagog. Lakeside. I was much surprised while thus employed (collecting young trees and shrubs) to hear a Purple Finch in full song at intervals, although the sky was cloudy and the wind blowing and roaring through the tree tops at the time.

Carpodacus purpureus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Carpodacus purpureus 1894 September 11 ¾ 12 do. 17 ⅜ 23 ½ 26 ¾ 29 do October 2 ¾ 1895. August 30 ½ September 4 ¾ 5-¾ 6 ¾ 8 ½ 9 ½ 15 ¾ 19 ¾ 20 ¾ " 21 ½ 22 ½ 23 ½ 24 ⅜ 25 ½ 27 ½ " 28 ¾ 29 ¾ Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Carpodacus purpureus Sept. 22-27 ¾ 28 ½ Oct. 2 ½ 3 ½ 4 ½ 5 ½ 6 ½ 8 ⅜ 12 ½ 13 ½ " 15 3 a.m.(Balanced.) * Oct. 15 A Purple Finch sang many times late this afternoon in spruce & birch woods near Baldside, although a cold wind was blowing. half a gale & the sky cloudy with frequent showers of sleet & rain Carpodacus 2 ¾-10 ½-15 ¾-17 ⅜-26 ½-28 ¾ Sept. 1887. Carpodacus 9 ½-2 ¾-4 ½-5 ½-6 ½-10 ½-12 ½-15 ½-19 ¾-27 ½ Oct 8 ½-11 ½ Carpodacus Sept. 3 ⅜-4 ½-5 ½-6 ½-7 ½-9 ½ 1889 Oct. 5 ½-9 ½ 28 Carpodacus Sept. 21 ⅜-23 ¾-29 ½-30 ⅝ Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 10 ½ Lake Umbagog. 1896. Carpodacus purpureus P.= Pin Point. May 11 ⅜ Bethel, " 13 ¾ 14 ½-15 ¼ 16 ¾ 17 ⅜ } Baldside " 18 ¾ 19 ¾ 20 ⅝ 21 ½ " 22 ½ P. 23 ¼ 24 ¾ P. 25 ½ } Head of " 27 ½ 28 ½ } Baldside June 3 ⅜ Bald Point. " 9 ½ 10 ½ 12 ½ 12 ¾ Baldside copy) Rather common about the foot of the Bald but decidedly uncommon near its head. Evidently prefers clearings with pasture openings & copses of 15 to 30 ft. to the interior forest with its taller trees is nearly always at Umbagog the song is nearly always very short like that of some Warblers which begin & break off suddenly, in fact I do not remember hearing a full carol given this year. The notes of the bird give the impression rather of the Umbagog Birds, however are rather more wilder than those of most Purple Finches 12.

Carpodacus purpureus. Lake Umbagog. 1886 February 9 Sent me in the flesh by Luman Sargent who shot it near the shores of Lake Umbagog. Reached me in fairly good condition. I skinned and sexed it. III23, female, ovaries undeveloped.

Carpodacus purpureus 1897. Lake Umbagog. L. = ballota L.P. Leonard's Pond. L.M. = brown muganopy. May 10¹/₂ Bethek. “ 11², 12², 14³, 16², 17², 18², 20² 21¹/₂, 22¹/₂, 24¹/₂, 30¹/₂ L.M. L.M. L.P. June 2², 4⁴, 5 11¹/₂, 13¹/₂ Bethek. near Lakeside " Grant Island 1903. June 4², 5³, 6³, 7², 8⁴, 10⁵/₃ (chiefly in or near villages) Bethek. “ 9⁵/₂ Norway. “ 11¹²/₅ Bethek to Upton “ 12⁸/₄, 13⁵/₃ Lakeside " “ 14¹/₂ B. Meadows Cambridge River 1906 June 12³ in rain 13¹² Bethek.

B.L.= Beavertail to Baldhead C.R.= Cambridge River S.G.= near Baldhead B.H.= " Baker House P.= Pine Point. Carpodacus purpureus 1896. Lake Umbagog. August 9² 10² 11² 12³ 13⁴ 14⁴ 15² 17 (red 3) 18² 19² 20 ket 22 ket 24 ket 30 ad. September 13'p 28'd. H. 1897 September 7'ket 20'ket 22' 25' Curing m. c.R. 1898. August A. A-B. P. 21² 22² 29¹ September P. P. 3' 28' 1900. September 4 ket 15' 19' 20 ket 21 ket 1904. September 9 ket 10 ket 12 ket 13 ket 15 ket 16 ket 19 ket. 20 ket 24 ket 26 ket 27 ket Bethel. November 9' 10 ket 13 ket Bethel. 1905. September 2 ket 4 ket 6 ket 7 ket 8 ket 13 ethels. 1907. July 19* Bethel. " 23³* 24³* 25²* 26⁴ 29⁴ 31⁴ near Lakeside August 5-6 6 ket 7 8 12 9¹⁰ 10¹⁰ 15-ket ..

Passer domesticus. 3

Passer domesticus. L. Umbagog, Maine. 1885. Passer domesticus Oct. 21 - March 23 27° Passer domesticus 21² Sept. 1887. 1896 Ballt Umbagog & Colebrooke N.H. Passer domesticus On May 13th to 14th or 15th an English Sparrows (♀) frequented the Salem Ground tree in front of the hotel. I did not see her after words nor did I see any of her kind about the Ball House. On June 14 I drove from Ballville through Digsville hotel to Colebrooke. The first Sparrows seen were about four houses midway between the Hotel & Colebrooke. They continued thence all the way to Colebrooke where they were rather uncommon as they were rather uncommon in the village proper. copy ① Bethel, Maine 1904 March 5 about a dozen scattered about in elms around the Common. Nothing nearly. " 9 2 near village Common. // 25 scattered through village. / 26 14 bird carrying " 16 several 17 several about 25 several about Common.

Passer domesticus. 1896. Lake Umbagog. May 13♀ 14♀ 15♀._ Balconide (Seen back each day doubtless; fragments below o' ground proper front of hotel. August 9♀ 1900. December 4♂ 5♂ 6♂ 7♂ Betbed 1901. January 9♂ Betbed. 1904 February 12 ⑫ ⑮ 8 6 near Railway Station - Betbed March 5-12+ small about in clumps 9 2 11 23 12 14(eggs)in places; also 16 17 25do. Betbed in marsh chawing landby 1907. July 20 ⑳ villages - Betbed. " 29♀ 31♀ Destrity in front of hotel, Balconide. 1908. June 13♂ in village Betbed.

Loxia curvirostra minor. 4 19

Loxia curvirostra minor. L. Umbagog, Maine. Loxia curvirostra americana. - small flock June 4, 5 May 30-June 10, 1871. Loxia curr. americana. - June 13 June, 1872. Abund. & young fledgling. Loxia curvirostr. americana. - June 13-28 1873. July 28th hard/ Aug 5 2nd in flock - 1874 June 5 - 10 1876 / May 18 young June 4 and Sept. 13 hatched out Loxia americana. Red Crossbills have been common during the two weeks. I have heard or seen them almost daily. A small flock of females with one red male has daily visited a large pine near the house. On the 31 I heard & saw two large flocks in Sergants Corn. Loxia americana, Oct. 9. 40 - 10 40. 11 10. 12 10. 13 10. 15 10. 16 30. 17 30. 18 10. 19 20. 20 25 Loxia americana, Oct. 17-31, 1883 21 30. 22 10. 23 20. 24 30. 25 32. 26 10. 27 10 20

Loxia curvirostra minor. Loxia americana. 1873. Maine (Lake Umbagog). June -- Abundant and generally distributed. Aug. 9. Saw one, the first since my arrival. 1874. July 28. Heard some flying. Aug. 4. Saw three near the Lake House. 1876. June 10. A small flock feeding among the cones of the pine at the boat-landing. " 19. Heard flying. 1880. May 18. A flock of ten containing one or two adults, the remainder young birds in first plumage, feeding in the white pine at the landing, and in the birch in front of the house. June 4. Three feeding in the white pine at the landing making a continuous crackling noise as they dissected the dry cones. I shot one, an adult female which evi- dently had bred many weeks since. Sept.13. Heard them to-day

Loxia curvirostra minor. Descriptions of First Plumage of Cer- tain North Am. Bbs. Wm. Brewster. 56. Loxia curvirostra americana. First plumage: female. Upper surface generally brown, each feather edged and tipped with dull gray. Interscapular region washed with greenish-olive; rump yellowish-white, with a greenish tinge; a few only of the feathers with darker centres. Beneath dull ash, lighter on the ab- domen, washed with greenish across the breast, each feather with a central streak of dark brown. From a specimen in my collection obtained at Upton, Me., June 25, 1873. In general aspect this specimen is much darker than the adult female. It was moulting, and had acquired a few feathers of the autumnal plumage. Bull. N.O.O. 3, July, 1878. p. 117.

MAINE, (L. Umbagog) Loxia curv. americana 1885. copy (1) Oct. 9. Very abundant ranging restlessly about over the woods in flocks of four to thirty, seldom slightly. Seen several times in firs and Spruces (always tall ones) at work on the cones & while there is an exceptionally abundant crop this season, The tops of many of the trees being heavy & thickly with the brown masses that they look as is scorched by fire. Early every morning Crossbills come in numbers to the brick chimney of a shop here and cluster about its top many clinging to 15ᵃ 25ᵃ 3²⁰ 5¹⁰ 6² 9⁴ 10¹⁰ 11⁴ 12⁴ 13²³ 15²⁰ 17²⁰ 20¹⁰ 22³⁰ 25⁻⁶ 26² 28¹⁰ Sept. 16-17 Sept. Loxia am 19²⁴ 11ᵈ 27 hard 1889 Loxia minor Sept. 4ᵈ 5¹⁰ 6¹⁵ 7th 8th 9th 10(①) 11(②) 12⁶ 13¹⁰ 14²⁰ 16²⁰ 25ᵁ 1889 Oct. 12 hard / 16(hard) / 17(hard) 25(hard) Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Loxia minor Sept. 22 flew hard the Spruce woods. 26 hard. Oct. 13 hard Lake Umbagog, Maine. Loxia minor Pinus Pinea 1894 August 29 ᵤᵤ 1895. August 30 (⑫) black Pine - 3¹⁶ both sides (⑬) S. pine N 2 ᵤᵤ 5 ᵤᵤ 6 ᵤᵤ 7 ᵤᵤ 8 ᵤᵤ 9 ᵤᵤ September 10 (⑭) black Pine 11 ᵤᵤ 12 ᵤᵤ 13 ᵤᵤ 14 ᵤᵤ 15 ᵤᵤ " 16 ᵤᵤ 17 ᵤᵤ 18 ᵤᵤ 19 ᵤᵤ 20 ᵤᵤ 21 ᵤᵤ 24 ᵤᵤ " 25 48 on 50. Ca & HAT, mountain 28 ᵤᵤ Pine W. Plant, Pine August 30 - A flock 9 at-rt 12 about the order of the brown thrushes at White Pines 8. cupressus & our S. pines with them all the Red Crossbills on old barks & The Loxia off ground to easily divided, The males run all on high Summer, They very busy feeding the little ones on line in trees. It was rather late in character of Spins twirled - I have rather hardy time which the bird was loud but short beginning with 304 of the lower rows, & although a silly [illegible] about had Sept. 25 goest most young and little to it so no wonder they murmured away To White Mts. then went W. 7 hours] 23

{ "text": "The birds last the winter's ranged\nabout the top where they are\nunderstood to breed in which they\ndischarge of seed down into\nprimrosy ways in our woods. I suppose\nthe cause of the map lily was\nfound there by the writer, and\nwhich that can come on old\ntrees or some mossy rocks and\nthat they were used usually\nmore to a dry rock.\nall are seen by hand, I\nbelieve they are nearly 2 per\nsquare inch. A full good morning's star\ndoes this by settling in a few\nunder them. Their use on most\nand kinds but the performance\nis very limited in extent!\nI think they are fairly perfect.\nA little more than a year and\na first class, but it is difficult\nto determine the extreme limit\nof their presence.\n\nBorria minor Sept. 4th 5-10 6-15 7-12 8-13 9-14 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21-22 22-23 23-24 24-25 25-26\nOct. 12 (hard) 16 (hard) 17 (hard) 25 (hard)\nLake Umbagog, Me.\nSept. & Oct. 1893.\nBorria minor,\nSept. 22 the open woods 2.6 hard\nOct. 13 hard\n\nLake Umbagog, Maine.\nBorria minor\nAugust 29 \n1894\n\nAugust 30 @ 1pm - 316 backside\nSeptember 2nd to 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 24th\n\" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" \" [TRANSCRIPTION_TRUNCATED_DUE_TO_LOOP]

Loxia curvirostra minor. Maine (S. Umbagog) 1886 Breeding March 9 On March 13 I received 67 Red Crossbills from S. Sargent. The same as follows: ♂s in deep red plumage 6 ♂s " mixed red & yellow plumage 26 ♂s " " & green " 6 ♂s " pure green plumage similar to ♀ 6 ♀o 23 Of the ♀s all but a few (perhaps five or six) which were laying) had laid their full sets and were incubating. Maine (S. Umbagog) 1886 Feb. 9 On Feb. 18th I received in the flesh 34 Red Crossbills from Warren Sargent. In a letter dated Feb. 10th he said that he had just got them ready for shipment; consequently they were probably killed the preceding day. All were unquestionably shot at the same place (Upton) and probably the same day. Among this large series there is great variation in size. Some birds were ⅓ larger than others (in bill) and there was an especially wide range in respect to wing

Loxia curvirostra minor. Maine (L. Umbazog) 1886 Breeding Loxia Americana. Marchy On March 13 I received 67 Red Crossbills from H. Sargent. The same as follows: 80 in deep red plumage 6 " " mixed red & yellow plumage 26 " " " " & green " 6 80 " pure green plumage similar to ♀ 6 90 23 Of the 90 all but a few (perhaps four or five which were laying) had laid their full set and were incubating. With the exception of two "buddies," about 5 feet apart & surrounded by a few weak sprouts of saplings, one was nearly equal to any one made by other birds. The greatest being a foot or more longer with feathers on claws at base of claws, like that females. All of fifty were outside I found bound distance from breeding tree (trees being in company) and two female ones in their beak (they are small made a good bud-like) two or three loud calls and then fly to another neighborhood of them by the same method. The best for a few were called, and the smallest for two days in a few days was just their bodies curled at bottom gymnastic flying order.

Loxia curvirostra minor. Lake Umbagog. 1896. Loxia c. minor May 13 heard 20 do. Near Hallsworth " 30 heard Pine Point. June 3 heard twice Bennett's Pond. 6 hot Pine Pt. " 10 heard at 50 Juno times flowers / 2 B. Meadows. " 14 heard Dixville Notch

Loxia curvirostra minor. Lake Umbagog. I886 February 9 Sent me in the flesh by Luman Sargent who shot them near the shores of Lake Umbagog. They reached me in fairly good condition and I skinned and dissected every one of them. The Crossbills were all breeding and there was not the slightest dif- ficulty in sexing them. In fact the sex mark in every case is absolutely reliable. II080 - II085, males adult, red plumage. II086, male adult, mixed red and rose-color. II087 - III07, males adult, mixed red and yellow. III08 - IIIII, " " yellow plumage; testes of maximum size nevertheless. IIII2 - IIII5, females adult, laying. IIII6 - IIII8, " " incubating; all eggs laid. IIII9,- IIII22, female adult, on the point of laying. I886 March 9 Received in the flesh (March I3) from Luman Sargent. All breeding and the sex marks absolutely reliable in all cases. II205 - II209, males adult; red plumage. II210 - II2I9, " " mixed red and rose or greenish yellow. II220 - II223, " " grown plumage similar to that of femal; testes of maximum size. II224 - II226, females adult; laying. II227 - II234, " " incubating; all eggs laid.

Loxia c. minor. 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 23 Great Is. 29 fisher. Octth. Large flock (high water) 31 head June 3rd 4th 6th. 7th. 1903. June 5 large flock in elms, 7 2 Picea trees 10(11) eating elm seeds, small white pine 2½ Cones Bethel. " 14(6) Balmville. " 14(16)(15) (4) Feeding in Spruces & feeding elms Cambridge River " 15-9+1 fine in striped forest Hemlock Green Dam " 15(12) Opening, 3 m. east. of hotel Dyer's Hotel " 13 heard in treetop Colebrook " 16 found in elm, feeding fruits. Holcomb, N.Y. 1906 June 12 htd cold 13 do not through Bethel. hot. on top

C.R. = Cambridge River L.H. = Lake Homer P= Pine Point Loxia c. minor 1896. Lake Umbagog. August 16 (6) back, Horn), 18 hdt 20 hdt (near Lakeside) 25-hdt P September 15 hdt (Fulfiot Road) 1897 September P-geek P C.R. C.R. C.R. 8 hdt 22 hdt 25-geek 29-kdt 30-hdt 1898. P P C.R. September 1 back, 9 geck .11/(5) 1900. September 3 hdt 4 hdt. 1907. July 26 hdt. 29 hdt. 30 hdt } Near Lakeside August 10 hdt.

Loxia minor. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1895. About the cellar where the Umbagog House formerly stood Aug. 30. were a dozen or more Red Crossbills which were accompanied by a pair of White-winged Crossbills and a single Pine Linnet. They clustered thickly together on a space of bare ground where they seemed to be scooping up the earth with their bills and swallowing it in large mouthfuls. Standing within a few yards of them and using my glass I became satisfied that it was actually the earth which they were eating. Probably salt had been strewn there. All the Crossbills, as I convinced myself by a close and systematic inspection of each member of the flock in turn, were old birds and the males were in full red plumage. When , as happened every few minutes-for they were very restless and unusually shy for Crossbills,-the flock took alarm at some real or imaginary danger and flew up into the scorched and leafless paper birches which used to shade the Umbagog House, but which are now all nearly or quite dead. The Red Crossbills would begin singing and keep it up with brief intermissions for several minutes, sometimes only one singing at a time but usually two or three mingling their voices in a medley like Goldfinches in early spring. This song was new to me. It began with three or four full, sweet notes very much like that of the Goldfinch and ended with an equal number of comparatively harsh yet by no means unpleasing notes

Loxia minor. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1895. which at once recalled the prominent ones in the song of the Aug. 30. Seaside Finch. As a whole the song was short, loud, decidedly (n.2). Finch-like in character, and rather musical and pleasing. It was wholly unlike the low, confused strain we sometimes hear from this Crossbill in Mass. in spring. Whether it is the full song or not I cannot tell, but in addition to the fact that the birds were singing so freely, I saw one pair engaged in copulating. Hence it seems only reasonable to assume that the flock--which by the way was evenly divided as to sexes-- represented a little colony of breeding birds. The White-winged Crossbills uttered their usual chatter- ing flight notes. Sept.1. On getting back to the Mill I went to the cellar of the Umbagog House and found a number of Crossbills on the exact spot of bare ground where I saw them two days ago. There were four L. leucoptera (three ♂♂ and a ♀) and about a dozen L. minor crowded thickly together on a space of less than a square yard all busily engaged in scooping up and swallowing large mouthfuls of the soil. I made sure this time that they were really eating it. On examining the spot closely after they had flown I found innumerable holes and short furrows made by their bills. When they flew up into the dead birches the Red Crossbills sang freely as on my first visit. There are no

Loxia minor. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1895. young birds of either species. Crossbills are evidently very Sept. I. numerous this autumn. I see or hear them everywhere and while (2) up the Cambridge to-day we were rarely out of the sound of their piping. Their abundance is evidently due to the fact that the spruces and balsams are loaded with cones which are fast turning brown. Sept. 10. During the day we were rarely out of sight or sound of Crossbills. Both species appear to be equally common. While I was watching the Ducks at Bottle Brook Pond a Red Crossbill sang for nearly an hour in one place, repeating its song at short regular intervals. There was little or no wind at the time and although the bird was perched on a spruce on the op- posite side of the pond fully 200 yards from me, its song fill- ed my ears. It was fully as loud as the song of a Purple Finch. I heard it to much better advantage here than in the case of the birds singing at Upton on August 29th for the singing there was more or less medley singing by several birds at once and moreover there were other noises such as the voices of men, of cattle, whereas here my songster had the whole sleeping forest to himself. His song did not vary in the least with the different repetitions but was invariably of eight notes or perhaps I should rather say of four notes repeated twice without any appreciable pause between the two

Loxia minor. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1895. phrases. The opening two notes in each phrase were sweet and Sept.10. full and resembled those of Spinus tristis, the closing two (2) notes were exceedingly like one of those in the song of Melos- piza fasciata, These latter are the ones that I compared (Aug.29) to those of the Seaside Finch but they are much more musical and more like the voice of the Song Sparrow. The effect of the whole song is highly pleasing and the bird de- serves fairly high rank as a songster among the Fringillidae. I should think that if it were heard too often however, the song might become possibly a little tiresome. The notes are given with a curious distinctness and deliberation as if the bird were keeping its voice within rigid restraint. Sept. 25. On landing at Upton I went at once to the cellar where the Umbagog House formerly stood. The Crossbills were there, -fifteen or twenty birds representing both species- eating dirt on the very same spot where they were similarly employed Aug. 30. The whole space which they have worked over is less than a yard square. I shot a pair of Red Crossbills but the male lodged and I did not get him. The female had the belly bare and wrinkled but when I skinned her I found that she had passed the stage of incubation by at least three or four weeks Like the White-wings shot yesterday she had not moulted but was in very ragged

Loxia minor. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1895. was in very ragged, worn breeding plumage. None of the Cross Sept. 25. bills were singing to-day. (2) Oxford County, Maine. 1899. Sept.23, 26, 27, Bethel. Under date of Sept.26 I Sept.22 wrote in my diary: "The country is flooded with Crossbills of to both species. I see or hear them almost hourly. L.minor is Oct.4 the more abundant of the two."

Loxia leucoptera. 5 34

Loxia leucoptera. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1874. Aug. 25. Heard some flying overhead. Sept. 7. Heard the chatter of a flock passing over the woods. 1876. June 5. Two seen , the first this season. 1880. May 25. Shot a pair in the Canada Plum trees into the garden. They had evidently just finished brooding. Sept. 9. A flock of about a dozen alighted for a moment on a mud-flat bordering the Lake, then whirled off over the woods. 13. Heard a flock passing over head. 1882. Oct. 8-22 Heard on the 18th, and several small flocks seen or heard daily after this date. L.americana was not noted.

Loxia leucoptera. L. Umbagog, Maine. Loxia leu Aug. 25 head Sept. 7 head - 1874 / May 25 '63' - Sept 6 '13' in arow / Oct. 20² Loxia leucoptera I heard the unmistakable chatter of White-winged Crossbills this morning. Have not heard them before though I have been here since Oct. 17. Red Crossbills have been common all this time. Oct. 31, 1883 Lumbagog Maine Oct. 20² 21³ 22² 25³ Sept. 1887. Sept. 8 head - 13% 30 (20) Sept 21, 1887. 14043 ♂ ad. 14044 ♀ ad. } belly bare and wrinkled. Evident both birds 14045 ♀ ad. } had recently finished incubating. Oct heard / 5 heard - 13 heard / large 20 head 2 females cut & 12 18 26 Umbagog, Me. 18 9th - 17-21 heard 24 heard - .26 1869 36

Loxia leucoptera. L. Umbagog, Maine. Loxia leu Aug. 25 first in Sept. 7 heard - 1874 / May 25-28 - Sept 6-13 / Oct 10-12 1882 Loxia leucoptera I heard the unmistakable chatter of White-winged Crossbills today morning. Have not heard them before though I have been here since Oct. 17. Red Crossbills have been common all this time. Loxia leucoptera 20²-21³-22²-25³ Sept. 1887. Loxia leucopt. Sept. 8 heard - 13-30 (20) 1889 Sept 21, 1887. 14043 ♂ od. 14044 ♀ od. } belly bare and wrinkled. Evident both had 14045 ♀ od. } just recently finished incubating Oct 1/heard 3 heard 13 heard / large 2 females 18 / black - 19-21 Oct & 12 13 Umbagog, Me. 24 / black - 26 1889 36

Loxia leucoptera. Descriptions of First Plumage of Certain North Am. Bbs. Wm. Brewster. 55. Loxia leucoptera. A male and female of this species, received from Mr. J. G. Rich, and shot by him at Upton, Me., some time in April, differ widely in coloring from any specimens which I have previously examined. The male is very brilliant carmine, nowhere streaked or obscured except on the sides, abdomen, and forehead. The wings, tail, and scapulars are very clear glossy-black; the white wing-bands unusually broad and clearly defined. The female is similarly marked, with pale orange replacing the carmine of the male. The rump and breast exhibit large areas of the purest orange, which, however, is scarcely less pronounced on the back and crown, although there somewhat obscured by a dusky pencilling. Whether these specimens represent some regular seasonal phase of plumage, or are simply aberrant types, I am unable to decide. Both are apparently adult birds. Bull. N.O.C. 3, July, 1878. p. 117. Maine / G. Newbury / 1886 Breeding Loxia leucoptera Feb. 2 Two adult ♂ & ♀ just in flesh (removed the 18th) by G. Sargent with a large number of L. americana. They both had the testes of maximum size and were unquestionably breeding. 37

Loxia leucoptera. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1887. Just after breakfast (at Lakeside) shot three Loxia leu- Sept.21. coptera in the balm-of-gilead poplar in front of the house. Two of them were females which had barely finished incubating the breast and abdomen being bare and slightly wrinkled. The male had the testes of half size. Sept.22. Just behind West's I saw this morning a small flock of Loxia americana among which were two L.leucoptera. They were crowded crewed together on a piece of bare ground where they were apparently picking at the sandy soil. Sept.26. White-winged Crossbills yesterday, one of them alighting on a lump of mud in the middle of the river (Cambridge River). Oxford Co., Maine. 1899. Sept.23th, 26th, 27th, Bethel. Under date of Sept.26th I Sept.22 wrote in my diary: "The country is flooded with Crossbills of to Oct.4. both species. I see or hear them almost hourly. L.minor is the more abundant of the two."

copy ① Loxia leucoptera Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1 1889 Maine. Oct. 19 B. Umbag - These Crossbills have been fairly numerous since Sept. 1st. They always seem to be flying, however. These cha-cha-, inks, uiks is a sound that at once attracts the ear. It is uttered incessantly when a flock is on wing. This morning, at 7.30, I heard from a flock passing low over our camp a singularly beautiful breath of song evidently given by one bird alone. It was very like the song of Regulus Calendula and to my ear more sweet. The cha-cha cry is scarcely distinguishable from the flight note of Acanthis Linaria. These Crossbills are fully as restless as S. minor. They seem to have regular beats or routes which they travel every day. Thus the flock noted Oct. 19th regularly passed our camp every morning at about the same hour, they alighted somewhere behind it and after feeding ten minutes or more took wing again. Like the Red Crossbill they are absolutely silent when feeding. Just before starting to fly one or two birds begin to call others join in and finally with a general outcry the flock are off. Their flight is undulating and they fly in a loose scattered flock. As far as I observed this season they feed entirely on the seeds of the Spruces. I shot two on the 24th in a black spruce among cones and on the 26th saw a flock feeding on white spruce cones in a swamp. They rarely spent more than three or four minutes in one tree, usually alighting in a cluster among the cones at the top, then as if struck by a panic whirled off again. Occasionally they would alight in the top of a tall dead pine. I saw one hang head downward and then climb out under a dead branch using its bill like a Parrot.

Loxia leucoptera. 1895. Lake Umbagog, Maine Loxia leucoptera. August 30 ♂♀ Sept. 1 3♂♀ 4 head, 3- do 6 do. 7 do. 12 8 do 9 do. 10 do.-12 do.- 14 do. 15 30+, 16 head- 17 head 18 do. 12 20 do- 24 (3♀ & shot) Aug. 30 A pair of old birds in high plumage on the ground apparently eating berry fruit which they scavenged up in large quantities. Probably salt had been spilled on the spot. Sept. 24 Shot a pair of old birds in extremely worn ragged plumage - The ♀ had the belly bare & windblown and evidently had been incubating within than a few miles at Portland. Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1895. Loxia leucoptera August 30 ♂♀ ad Lake H. September 1 (3♂♀) " " 4 head 5- do 6 do 7 do " 8 do 9 do. 10 do 11 do 12 do 13 do 14 do 15-30+ " 16 ad 17 ad 18 ad 19 ad 20 ad 24 (3♀ & shot) " Lots of crossbills - both young " from their mouths (Sept) among the White Mts. (W.P.C. & Faxon) Aug. 30 - A pair of adults, the ♂ in our high plumage feeding on the ground in company with about a dozen Q. nanae at the edge of the Umbagog Stream. They seemed to be eating the berries which they scavenged up with their bills in large quantities. Probably salt had been spilled there. Sept. 24 Shot a pair - both old birds in extremely worn ragged plumage, the ♀ completely bare with belly bare 'of feathers & wrinkled (cf. normal) They must have been nuns. When do the old birds nest? (Cf. normal & efficient) On examining these birds I found that I had prevented incubation than a few miles ago. The tests of ♂ were about this size O Note Pink, pink note of alarm or warning just before taking flight. Loud, resonant. May bee - Plantain exceedingly, like nest of Goldfinch but larger apparently a copy of any lot on somewhere else heard. Che-che-che & faint note 49. Loxia leucoptera. Oct. 22 Lake Umbagog, Maine, 1890. Lake Umbagog. Loxia leucoptera 1896. May 30 Chatter heard distinctly - Pine Point

C.R. = Cambridge River L.H. = Baker Nova P = Point Point. Sofia leucoptera 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 10 12 heard 14 26 e 17 30 19 26 e 20 kd 22 kd Near Lakeside 25 loop September 12 kd P 1897 September C.R. 26 heard Sept. 26 The flight notes are whink, whink (sometimes given thrice and not unlike the chuck of the European Chaffinch), cha-cha-cha, cha-cha-cha, whink, whink etc. The voice is low & pentatonic. The cha-cha-cha is very like the flight chatter of the Redpoll but is harder & more woodsey in tone. It is not always accompanied by this whink 1898. August 23 P heard P do. Picked Ryde September 3 flake heard, 4 P kld. L.H. 11 flake 1907. August 6 heard the flight calls of what appeared to be a small flock near Baker's.

Loxia leucoptera. Lake Umbagog. 1836 February 9 Sent me in the flesh by Luman Sargent who shot them near the shores of Lake Umbagog. They reached me in fairly good con- dition and I skinned and dissected every one of them. The Cross- bills were all breeding and there was not the slightest difficulty in sexing them. In fact the sex mark in every case is absolutely reliable. II078, male adult, Testes of maximum size. II079 " " " " "

Loxia leucoptera 1895, September 24. Lake Umbagog. Errol Hill Pond & Androscoggin River. Getting scarce. Crossbills appear to be much less numerous than they were early in the month, but I heard both species to-day at Errol Hill Pond and, as we were sailing up the Androscoggin this after- noon, shot a pair of White-wings which were hopping about on the bare mud at the water's edge. They were in excessively worn, ragged plumage. 43

Acanthis linaria. 6

Acanthis linaria. L. Umbagog. Myallaway River, Maine Oct. 23, 1885 June This morning I heard Redpolls flying over the woods of The lower Megalloway There were apparently flocks of considerable size. L. Umbagog, Maine. 1884 O. linaria Oct. 11 - Aegiothus linaria Oct. 21 heard 23 flock 29 on flock 30 L 1884 Aegiothus linaria Oct. 23 heard 1886. 1889 Aegiothus lin. Oct. 16(heard) - 18 L 21 (cage) flock heard - 22 ill. 23 heard - 24 heard - 26 (23) (shot) 1882. Maine (Lake Umbagog). Oct. 8-22 First noted on the 11th; afterwards seen or heard daily. Acanthis linaria Lesser Red Polla copy D 1889. L. Umbagog, Maine. First seen Oct. 16th; afterwards common in flocks of from five to six to twenty-five or thirty. Like the Pine Linnets they fed exclusively on the seeds of birches. They were generally dis- tributed throughout the woods and did not appear to haunt any par- ticular kind of ground. Among eight which I shot from one flock were two adult males with rosy breasts. One of the birds shot at this time was only slightly wounded, and being put in a cage fed readily at once on bread crumbs as well as it did on birch seeds. It was very tame and seemed to be contented with its lot. 27 Aegiothus lin Oct. 14 heard Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. 45

Acanthis linaria Bethel, Maine, 1904. Acanthis linaria 21. 25 words March 1 heard 3 heard flying over, a single bird. 4 ① flying high at sunrise, Wood Royal, from hill. " 6 ⑧ C eating buds (woods) 27.9h. Green Hill. 7 ⑩ C. do. 8 hld flying one! away I bath, I thought: Grand Hill. 11 40 a 70 St. G. 23.9h. 12 40 ⑥ 5 23.9h. " 14 30+ eating buds. 15 50+ flying across field S. of house. 16 hld 17 40+ eating buds. Glen Woods. 18 ① key 19 6 o'clock " 20 ② eating buds. 21 ② C. 22 20 + eating buds. 23 20 + eating buds. 24 ③ flying. " 25 ⑬ eating buds 35 C. eating buds. 26 50 a bird. March 5 Big flock feeding on land. Com tail 137 birds - about 10% rusty breast. When they fly off down of the & 8 song our wing, the song is swee-ee-eet or swee-ee-eet with a wonderful trill inflection. " 18 One flying over Dr. G's field & fell in leaves & was caught curus than a sparrow but different " It called to cheer chee chee chee call at each swoop. Then two flights.

Acanthis linaria. 1902. January 3(25) eating birch buds 4(5) 6(20+) 7 hol. Belhel. 1903. December 11(32) feeding in alders & brambles; 12(12) in 13 hol. 14(9) in 15(15) 17(15) Belhel. 18(15) Searched alders flying arm: 12 alders 1904 February 14(25) eating buds & alder, young buds 15-(20+) eating Canada buds. 15(57) feeding in alder buds 17(20) red white breasted 18(30)(30)(15) (rogy R.B.) 19(82) c. (14 rosy breasted) 20(9) (rosy breasted) 22(3) 23(20) 24(100) C. 25-hol-26 hol. Belhel. 27 hol. 28(62) c. 29 hol. March 1 hol. 3 hol. 4' 5-(137) C. in brambles. About 10% rosy-breasted 6(85) C. 7(50) C. 8 hol. 11(60+) 12(40)(6) Belhel. 14(30+) 15(50+) 16 hol. 17(40+) 18' 19 hol. 20(2) 21(27) C. 22(20+) 23(20+) Belhel. 24(5) 25-(13)* (35) 26(50) October 25- hawthorn twigs, apparently on wing. 31 several hawthorn at once, apparently on wing. Belhel. November 9 hol. 10(8) 20 several in flock composed chiefly of Goldfinches Belhel. 1907 January 21(5)(3)(2)/(1) 29' 30(50)(6) 31(12) Belhel. 47

Acanthis linaria rostrata. 7 48

Ueanthis linaria rostrata? Copey Ⓞ 1907 January 30' This bird was in an apple tree in Dr. Gehring's orchard in company with some Purple Finches with which I had an opportunity to compare it at a distance of only a few yards. It looked almost if not given as big as a Purple Finch and darker than even any of its companions. I heard it give both the flight chatter and the Canary-like call both of which were louder and stranger than the corresponding notes of G. linaria. Its coloring appeared to be that of the Eastern Redbird & I have little or no doubt that it was a hybridization of that from something or is just possible it may have been a Holbrook's Redbird. Bethel, Maine.

Astragalinus tristis. 8 50

Astragalus tristis. L. Umbagog, Maine. Chrysopteryx tristis.- Common May 30-June 10, 1871. " Nesting. - June 13-28; July 27, 30, 23; Sept. 5, 22 1873. Chrysopteryx tristis, Oct. 15, 19, 24 1884. Spizella tristis Oct. 9th-19th-27th 1885- Maine (L. Umbagog) Chrysopteryx tristis Nesting 1886 Feb. 9 Several in winter plumage received in the flesh from W. Sargent on Feb. 18 same shot at about time and place. Ch. tristis 1 10/8-2 10-4 4-10 2-12 10-15 6-17 10-20 5-22 6-26 7-28 6 Sept. 1887. Sept. Chrysopteryx tristis 1/2-2 4-4 4-6 1st -10 3-13 3-14 5-19 2-23 2-24 2-24 2-30 2 Oct. 3rd-10th 1888 Spizella tristis 1889 Sept. 4 4-5 2-6 2-10 (bad) -14 2-20 (heard)-22'-25 2 Oct. 8 (heard)-16 (heard) 31 Spizella tristis. Sept. 22 2-23 20-24 2-25 2-26 4-29 2-30 2 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 10 2 Chrysopteryx tristis. 1873. Maine (Lake Umbagog). July 27. Very abundant about the house, in full song and evidently breeding. " 30. Found the nest which was betrayed by the female who, while sitting, kept up a continual twitter. 1882. Oct. 8-22. Occasionally seen during the first week.

Astragalimus tristis. Descriptions of First Plumage of Certain North Am. Ebs. Wm.Brewster. 58. Chrysomitis tristis. First plumage: male. Crown, interscapular region, and rump light reddish-brown, tinged with olive. Wing-bands and a broad edging upon the secondaries intense fawn-color. Forehead and entire under parts fulvous-yellow, most prominent on the sides. From a specimen in my collection, shot at Upton, Me., August 29, 1873. Bull. N.O.C, 3, July, 1876. p. 117.

Astragalinus tristis. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Spimus tristis Sept. 22 3rd 27th 29th Lake Umbagow, Maine. Spimus tristis 1894 August 25 4th Pethel " 28 4th Locksine * " 29 4th 31st September 2 4th 4 4th 8 4th Pine Point. " 13 4th Megalloway R. " 15 " Bullat marshes " 19 " " 23 " Pine Point. " 26 " Megalloway River. " 28 " " " 1895. August 29 (Grafton) 30 ad 4th spring September 1 ad 4 ad 5 ad 9 ad 19 ad 27 ad Lake Umbagow. 1896. Spimus tristis. May 13 5th 14 5th full, 15 5th 16 5th man " 17 4th 18 10 88 6 99 19 20 4th 21 4th Ballast " 28 1st mossed 30 1st Bournets Rose Pond June 1 4th Beyond " 9 5th 10 5th 11 6 88 6 99 12 4th 53

Astragalinus tristis. Lake Umbagog. I886 February 9. Sent me in the flesh by Luman Sargent who shot them near the shores of Lake Umbagog. Reached me in fairly good condi- tion. I skinned and sexed them. III26 - III28, females, ovaries undeveloped. I886 March 9. Received in the flesh (March 13) from Luman Sargent. II235 - II236, males; winter plumage.

Astragalinus tristis. 1887, Lake Umbagog. September 29. Goldfinch drowned in the lake. A little further on (as we were paddling to the west shore of the lake from off the entrance to Sunday Cove) I picked up a Chrysomitris tristis that was floating dead on the water. It was still rigid and I suspect it lost its way in the fog early this morning and flew about until.exhausted. . copy 1

Spinus tristis. S. = balsam 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 17 4 (2) ed / 9 (plumage) - 18 (10 6 6) / 6 9 (same plumage as yesterday). 20 alt. near Balsam 21 x 29 x " . 28 (pine forest) " . Great Island June 11 (great island) 13 y 1903. June 3 (2) 4 (22/22) 5-12 6 7 8 10 2 Bethel, " . 9 4 Norway. " . 11 25+ Bethel to Upon " . 12 8 13 25-c / 9. 14 y Balsam " 1906. June 13 Bethel.

Spinus tristis L. L.H. P. = Pine Point. 1896 Lake Umbagog. August 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 31 September 10 htd P. 13 htd P. 16 Sunday (Gros) 25 htd Butter/ 29 htd L.H. 1897 September 25-26 htd L.H. 1898. August 21 22 24 htd P. 27 htd P. 28 htd P. 30 htd. September 1 htd P. 3 htd P. 5 htd P. 9 htd P. 12 htd L.H. Upper Milldam / 21 htd Pond 1900. September 4 htd P. 14 htd P. 23 htd Bethel. December 8 flight card 21 early of crop, flocks leaving over Bethel. 1902 September 7 htd 9 htd Bethel. 1904 September 10 htd 12 htd 13 htd 15 htd 16 htd 18 htd 23 htd 28 htd Bethel. October 22 htd. 28 3 29 htd. 31 htd. 13 Bethel. November 8 htd 9 5 10' 11 htd. 13 32 feeding on loose brads 17 76 20 about 15 with at Bethel. 1905. September 3 htd. 4 htd. 5 htd. 6 adults in first htd. 8 htd. Bethel. 1907 July 19 20 13 ethel. " 23 24 24 25 29 Near Ballader August 5 6 htd. 7 9 15 htd} 57

Astragalinus tristis. 1907 Spring, Central Dakota July 24 A Goldfinch singing on wing at the top of a Cherry tree on a small tree and home in a small [illegible] and from its voice very different from that of the singing [illegible]. Sometimes it gives a sharp and crisp note from a large and weighty note, sometimes hard almost like a [illegible], but there is no [illegible], though often its course is usually short along the tops of the Cherry trees and the tops of the [illegible] from time to time, occasionally seen flying rapidly on rapidly and the crowns of a Cherry tree. Often the whistle at times occasionally gives the whistle or Cherry flowers, very rarely its feathers drawn out in their usual [illegible] Telegraph wires to rest for a few moments singing again - I know one /

Astragalinus tristis. copy 2

Spinus pinus. 9 59

Spinus pinus. L. Umbagog, Maine. Chrysomitris pinus.- Common. May 30-June 10, 1871. Chrysomitris pinus. - June 13, 15. / Seen only twice / June, 1872. by abundant everywhere a few very rare do not the same few fields. Common pinus.- June 13-28; July 27, Aug. 6, 7, 9, 18, 23, 28, Sept. 8, 18, 22 1873. Aug 5 large flock feeding 1874 / June 11 abundant in pairs 19 * 1876 | June 21 / 1879 1880 adult getting in bushes No. I. Goldfinch 2 or few Sept. 2 flock of 13 in the woods Chrysomitris pinus, Oct. 11, 13, 14, 16, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 29, Nov. 1 1884. Chrysomitris pinus Oct. 16 Dec. 7-5 19 21-23 30 24 hardly fed 1885. Chrysomitris pinus Oct. 13 20-14 10-18 12 1886. " pinus 1¹⁰_2¹⁰_3¹⁰_6¹_11^_15¹⁰_17⁹_20¹⁰_22⁶_26⁴_28⁶ Sept. 1887. Chrysomitris pinus Locally abundant over the whole face of the country especially among the brushes. I have seen number flocks daily, on the 8! I saw a flock in Sargent's Corn. On this occasion heard several singing. Lute Umbagog, Maine Oct 17-31, 1885

Chrysomitis pinus. Maino (Lake Umbagog). 1872. June 15. A few seen on the 13 and others to-day. 1873. coley ① June -- Abundant everywhere in company with Gold Finches. July 27. Very abundant about the house, and evidently breeding The males sing freely having a warbling song similar to that of the Gold Finch but not as sweet. Aug. 6. To my surprise I shot to-day a young bird full grown but still in first plumage. Nevertheless this species seems to be also breeding now as a male killed to-day was in full song. These Finches resort in flocks to the birches to feed on the seeds in the birch cones. In habits, song and flight at this season the Pine Finch strongly resembles the Gold Finch.. 8. Shot an adult female which evidently had long since finished incubating, as the bare space on the breast was nearly grown over with new feathers. 9. A male shot this morning was unmistakably breeding and yet full-grown young are about in considerable num- bers. 18. Shot two young birds in first plumage. 23. The young are now numerous, and with the adults are fast collecting into large flocks. I think this species must breed about a week earlier than the Gold Finch, as only a few young of the latter are beginning to appear. Sept. 3. These birds, so numerous a few days ago, have sud- denly and almost entirely disappeared, and I think the Gold Finches are also fast leaving. 18. They are about again in large flocks, which whirl restlessly over the woods, seldom alighting. 22. Saw a few to-day.

Spinus pinus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1874. Aug. 5 A large flock feeding in a birch, with two Red Crossbills. Shooting one of the Pine Finches I found it was long past the breeding season. Unlike last season I seldom see or hear these birds near the Lake House, and the few met with elsewhere have the habits of the species in autumn. 1876. June 1. We see them daily in small flocks. (June 11) They have become abundant within the last few days, coming about the house in little companies. We have not heard them singing yet. " 19. Daily becoming more abundant; I heard the males singing this morning. The song is strikingly like that of Chrysomitris tristis but perfectly distinguishable and decidedly inferior. These birds are now exclusively in pairs. 1879. June 19. Very scarce this season. A few noted daily during the first part of my stay, but of late I see them very rarely. " 21. A single bird alighted in the road on the Sargent place. 1880. May 19. Alva Coolidge called my attention to one of these birds, remarking that they equally common with the Crossbills about the logging camps in winter. I now see or hear them daily. Sept. 2. Very numerous about the house where great flocks come to feed in the paper birch. When there is no wind nearly every bush and twig of foliage soon is trembling with their movements. " 13. Not nearly as common as at the time of my arrival. 1882. Oct. 8-22 Common during our entire stay but not as abundant as usual; in small flocks feeding on the birch seeds.

Spinus pinus. Descriptions of First Plumage of Certain North Am, Bbs. Wm. Brewster. 57. Chrysomitrís pinus. First plumage: female. Strong mustard-yellow, tinged on the upper parts with brownish-olive, every feather, excepting those on the abdomen, streaked with dark brown. Wing-bands and outer edging of secondaries fulvous. From a specimen in my collection, shot at Upton, Me., August 18, 1873. The first plumage of this species is certainly most remarkable. The yellow is by no means a mere wash or tinge of color, but pure, strong, and uniformly distributed. In a series of five or six specimens collected at about the same time, several exhibit a brownish cast, especially on the upper parts, while scarcely any two agree as to the relative amount and color of the dusky streaks. In one example they are very broad and almost black, in another, tear-shaped and of a dull brown. Bull. N. O. C. 3, July, 1878. p. 117.

Spinus pinus. Maine (L. Umbagog) Chrysoptis pinus 1886 Wintering Feb. 9 Two shot on this date were received by me in the flesh (Feb. 18) from L. Sargent. Both were adult ♀ with positively undeveloped ovaries the ova being as minute as in pure C. tristis record at the same time. This confirms what I have previously believed viz. that this species does not breed in winter at Umbagog. Maine (near Bangor) Chrysoptis pinus 1889 Breeding June "Pair Finches have been breeding here quite commonly this month. I have never found them at this season before" (S. L. Crosby letter June 23, 1889) "A boy who works for me has found two nests of Pair Goldfinches, unfortunately he broke all three of the eggs which the first contained. Three of the second was hatched when found. There is no doubt as to their identity for I have a skin 'Young of the Birds.'" (S. L. Crosby letter July 9, 1888) Lake Umbagog, Maine. C. pinus Sept. 1st-2nd-11th-15th-16th-28th Oct. 7th-8th-10th 1888 S. pinus 1889 Sept. 13 heard 14th-29th Oct. 4th 23rd q 75th (heard) 12th (heard) 16th (heard) 23rd flock heard 30 Spinus pinus Oct. 10 heard distinctly Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. 64

Spinus pinus. 1889. PINE LINNET. I. Umbagog, Maine. copy r A few solitary birds were observed in September, but no flocks until Oct. 4th., after which they were seen almost daily, some of the flocks containing upwards of one hundred birds each. They were feeding exclusively on the seeds of birches. They were tame, but restless, flying a great deal. Like the Red Poles, when in large flocks, they flew in very compact order. On one occasion, in October, I heard the peculiar, trilling note which I have always considered one of the songs of this species. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Spinus pinus Sept. 30 One heard at Pine Point Oct. 1/4 2/4 3/4 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1894 Spinus pinus Pine Point Sept. 11 12th 15th " 22 (25) c. Flying high over Birch woods, " 27 Pine Point " 29 " October 3 large flock 1895. August 30 red (Bolton N.) with roots - September 1 " " 4th 5 do 9 do 10 do. 15 do 16 do " 17th 18th / 9th 20th 21 (13) Sw-e-c song one 7 a.m. " 23rd 24th 25 (Hamblen Marsh Cambridge River) 27 hd. Sw-e-c one fowl " 28th 29th Lake Umbagog. 1896. Spinus pinus, Pine Point May 12 (swee-e-e call) Elm front Bethel. of hotel Seaside " 18- 21- " 24th P. 28 hd. June 4 'Bernard's Park.' " 10th 12- 13- June 13. One eating dandelion seeds on grass plot at Ballside Hotel, very tame, allowing one to approach within his feet. 65

Spinus pinus. 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 15th. 16th. 18th, 19th. near Lakeside " 22③ 24th-29th " Great Island. " 31 th Outlet. June 7 th. 1903 June 11② in elm by village common Bethel. " 12th. 14② in Barn O'G's tin at home Baldridge " 15- Errol Dam.

Spinus pinus So. = near Ballard Loth. = " Lake House P. = Pini Point. 1896 Lake Umbagog, August [13 14] 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th Near Ballard. 28th. Pini Point All the above records relate to triple birds. At least I have not one brand what founded like a florla. Nor have I heard this any. September 1st End 12th P. 21P. 23rd P. 30th. October A.H. 2nd 1897 September P P 2.44. 9 2 15th - 26th. 1898 August P. 28th September P. Upper Millstone Flints Landing, 6th. 21st Park 22nd - megaphony Roon 1900. September 4th. 9th. 15th. 1904 September 30 found in woods Ballard. 1907. July 19th. 20 12th on elms North " 23 " 24th 25th 29th 30th 31st Near Ballard. August 2nd 5th-7th 8th 9th 10th -15th - 67

Spinus pinus. Lake Umbagog. 1836 February 9. Sent me in the flesh by Luman Sargent who shot them near the shores of Lake Umbagog. Reached me in fairly good con- dition. I skinned and sexed them. III24 - III25, females, positively not breeding; ovaries as unde- veloped as in the female Goldfinches shot at the same time. 1907.v Spinus pinus Bethel, Maine July 14-22. The village of Coburns Betles town from Jessiery I see or heard them constantly, whenever I struck cross the street that leads to cross the river, usually in the tops of the elms and began mother. to day I found two feeding on the ground under an elm. Both were adults & I strike a pair. They were eating buds but of what I could not determine although I tried many with the fallen buds of the elms. Most of the birds I see are in flight flocks. As a they give only the chirruping but come once to dry fights The shorter form of song I heard The closely resembled that which may be clearly sounded thus Swee-e-e-e-e given with a rising inflection. copy 3 68

1909 June 11. Lake Umbagog. copy 4 Soon after sunset a Pine Linnet, perched in the top of a White Pine near the lake shore on the knoll behind the Lake House, sang practically without cessation for fully five minutes. Its song was not unlike that of a Goldfinch but feebler, higher-pitched, and decidedly less musical, most of the notes having a rusty or a metallic quality. At times it reminded me strongly of the long twittering song of the Barn Swallow, with which I had several chances to compare it directly, for two or three of these Swallows came kept circling overhead before the Linnet had ceased singing. Song of Pine Linnet. wiry ^ ^ came ^ 69

Passerina nivalis. 10 70

Plectrophanes nivalis. 1882. Maine (Lake Umbagog). copy I Oct. 8-22. A single bird seen and heard October 11th. A flock of over one hundred seen by C.W. Batchelder October 26, feeding on mud-flats. Plectrophanes nivalis 1889. L. Umbagog, Maine. Snow finch // Large flocks observed during the last half of October alight- ing on the marshes, where they fed on the seeds of a species of scirpus. They also visited a ploughed field at Lakeside. // Plectrophanes nivalis South Umbagog, Maine Oct. 25/1883 Heard the first Snow Buntings flying over the hills to-day. About seven miles of snow fell yesterday. og, Maine. 1882 Oct. 18th 26 100 Plec nivalis, Oct. 15, 18, 19, 29, 31 1884. Plec nivalis Oct. 15? at Outlet 26 1/2 1885 Plectrophanes nivalis Oct. 13 2 flocks heard. 16 heard 17th 24 100 1886 Plec nivalis Oct. 19^2, 21 100 24 100 1889. I 43 Plec. nivalis Oct. 18 100 monot. - 26 heard Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. 71

1882. Plectrophanes nivalis. Maine (Lake Umbagog), copy 1 Oct.8-22. A single bird seen and heard October 11th. A flock of over one hundred seen by C.T. Batchelder October 26, feeding on mud-flats. Plectrophanes nivalis Snow finch 1889. L. Umbagog, Maine. Large flocks observed during the last half of October alight- ing on the marshes, where they fed on the seeds of a species of scirpus. They also visited a ploughed field at Lakeside. Plectrophanes nivalis Heard the first Snow Buntings flying over the banks to-day. About seven inches of snow fell yesterday. L. Umbagog, Maine. Plectrophanes Oct. 18 - 26 Plectrophanes nivalis, Oct. 15, 18, 29, 31 Plectrophanes nivalis Oct. 15-7 at Outlet 26 Plectrophanes nivalis Oct. 13 2 flocks heard. 16 heard 17-24 100 Plec nivalis Oct. 19 - 21 - 24 43 Plec. nivalis Oct. 18 moon ft. 26 heard Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890.

Electrophenax nevadis 1904: February 12 7 male of about 1/2 seen on meadows near Ryerson & Mr. Maguire, Beloit. November 12 (6) flying over Andrew again River, Beloit.

Pooecetes gramineus. 73

Pooecetes gramineus. Pooecetes gramineus. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1876. June 2. On the Stone Farm heard to-day the only bird so far noted. 1879. June 20. Young flying to-day. 1882. Oct. 8-22. Seen twice during the first week of our stay. Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Pooecetes gramineus 20 15 Sept 21 (12) 22 & 24 L. Umbagog, Maine. Pooecetes gramineus - Common . May 30-June 10, 1871. Pooecetes June 1st . 12 * 1876 Pooecetes 12 13 17-1 18 - 20 . Sept. 1887. Pooecetes 2 Sept. 1889 Pooecetes Sept. 5 . 15 Oct. 1 1889 32 Pooecetes Sept. 20 21 24 25 29 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 5

Poecetes gramineus. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Poecetes gramineus. 1894 August 27 15 Bethel to Balsam September 6 10 Balsam to Newry " 19 15 Emse to Diverse Note 1895. August 29 4 Bethel to Balsam September 25 (Bald Mtn.) October 1 Upton to Bethel Lake Umbagog. 1896. Poecetes gramineus May 11 3/4 Bethel " 12 5/8 " to Upton " 13 3/4 14 3/4 15 1/4 16 1/4 17 3/4 " 16 1/4 19 1/4 20 2/4 21 1/4 June 9 1/4 10 2/4 13 1/4 June 14 Colebrook, N.H.

Poaecetes gramineus. 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 10th Bethea. 11th Bethea to Upton. 16 1/2 * 18 1/2 * 20 1/2 near Ballside 1903. June 5th 6th (2) 7th 6 (Paradise Hill) " 11th " 13th Beirut. " to Upton Ballside. 76

Poaecetes graminum. B.-L.= Bethel to Ballards. 1896 Lake Umbagog. August [Bethel to Leeds] 8-13 14 grass 1 ad 3 (grass only) green, about (10 or 25) 15- October 5° 10 or 15° between Ballards & Bethel. 1897. newy October 13 1898. August 8-6. 22 12 September 8-13. 29 12 1900 September 24 (12) Bethel 1902. September 7² 9⁶ 10¹² Bethel. 1904. September 16° 23° 27² Bethel. 1907. July 20½, 21½, Bethel. 77

Passerculus princeps. 12 78

Passerculus princeps. Some Birds new to Fauna of Maine. 2. Passerculus princeps Maynard. IPSWICH SPARROW.—On the 9th of October, 1876, I met with one of these birds on a sandy point on the northwest shore of Lake Umbagog, in New Hampshire. I should hesitate to record the occurrence of this species in a locality so far removed from its known haunts, it not having been before observed so far in the interior, since, from the miss-fire of two cartridges in succession, I failed to capture my bird, were I not perfectly acquainted with its almost unmistakable habits. N. E. Brown. Portland. Bull. N.O.O. 2: Jan., 1877. P, 27-28.

Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. 80 13

Passerculus savanna. Maine (Lake Umbagog). 1871. May 30- June10. Breeding sparingly on the hilly, stup-sprinkled pas-tures of Upton Hill. Abundant in the grassy intervals lands along the road to Bothel. 1872. June 3- 14. On the very top of Upton Hill they were breeding in almost in colonies in dry mowing fields. At least fifteen or twenty pairs were seen in one enclosure. 1873. Aug. 11. Shot a young bird in first plumage on the marsh. " 30. The meadows bordering the outlet of the river are now filled with chirping, lisping throngs of these Spar-rows. 1875. June 12. A male singing in the open fields on the Tyler farm. They are abundant this season on the hill above Peaslee's. 1879. June 9. Common in all the clearings between Errol and Dix-ville Notch. 1880. Sept.16. Numbers feeding on the wild rice in Leonard's Pond, chirping, quarrelling incessantly,and chasing one another 1882. Oct.8-22 Rather common on the marshes during the first week of our stay.

Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. Lake Umbagog, New England. Nest /5 (2849), May 26, I896, coll.Wm.Brewster. Bird started from nest & positively identified. Male singing 30 yds. off. Eggs inc.sev.days. Sweat farm, Lakeside. Nest by W.empty but finished May I8. 3 eggs, May 2I. Not visited again till May 26. In wet mead.below Sweat's barn, 20 ft.from brook, in side of litle mound, sunk deep in moss, & overhung by short grass & low plants. Nest /4 (2850), May 26, I896, coll.Wm.Brewster. Female started from nest and positively identified. Male singing 20 yds. off. Eggs slightly inc. Lakeside farm. Found by W.B.empty but finished, May I9. 2 eggs May 2I. Not visited again until May 26. Sunk deep among fine "winter-killed" grass. Low, dry mowing-field, between Lakeside Hot.& steamer l'dg. Grass drawn in over nest, concealing it only imperfectly.

Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. Kemb. 13. Passerculus savanna. - May 29 near Bethel, Me. 1871. L. Umbagog, Maine. Passerculus savanna. - Abundant. May 30 - June 10, 1871. Passerculus savanna. - Common June, 1872. Passerculus savanna. - Aug. 11, 30; Sept. 18 1873. Passerculus Sept. 16 1870 abdt. 16. Passerculus savanna, Oct. 10, 15, 21 Passerculus savanna - Oct. 10 - 12 - 13 1884 1885. Passerculus Sept. 13 - 2 - 7 - 10 - 12 - 13 - 16 - 19 - 23 & Sept. 1887. Sept. Passerculus savanna 2 - 3 - 4 - 9 - 10 - 13 - 15 - 16 - 24 - 25 - 28 - 29 1888 Oct. 2 - 3 - 4 - 6 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 Cas. savanna Sept. 5 - 6 - 10 - 16 - 19 - 21 - 22 - 25 1889 33 Passerculus Sept. 21 - 24 - 25 - 26 - 30 Lake Umbagog, Maine. 1890. Oct. 3 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 12 - 18 Lake Umbagog, Me. Sept. & Oct. 1893. Ammodramus savanna Sept. 25 - 30 Oct. 2 " 15 - Grafton, Me. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Ammodramus savanna 1894 September 4 - 7 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 } Buller " 13 - 15 - 20 - 21 - 22 } montanus " 23 - 25 - 27 October 1 - 2 1895. August 30 - 31 September 1 - 5 - 7 - 8 - 9 - 10 - 11 - 12 " 13 - 14 - 15 - 17 - 21 - 23 - 24 " 25 (Kale House) October 1 up to Buller. 83

Passerculus sandwichensis. savanna. Descriptions of First Plumage of Certain North Am. Bbs. Wm.Brewster. 60. Passerculus savanna. First plumage: male. Above light brownish cream-color, streaked thickly and finely on the top of the head and nape, more broadly on the back, with dark brown. Beneath dull white, strongly tinged anteriorly with brownish-yellow, finely streaked everywhere excepting upon the abdominal and anal regions with dull black. Wings paler than in adult, with the greater and middle coverts tipped with fulvous. From a specimen in my collection, shot at Upton, Maine, August 11, 1873. Bull. N.O.C. S, July, 1878. P, 118 84

Passerculus sandwicensis savanna. Lake Umbagog. Ammodramus o. savanna 1893. L.- field at Ballside May 11^2 Billuk - to Upton " 12^5 " " 12^6 at our in " 12^* field from Hotel) 13^4 do / 14^* 15^* " 16^4 17^3 18^4 19^3 20^3 21^3 June 1^* Locanwi 3^* do. 4^* do ¼ White Brook " 5^2 ^* Pond. " 5^* ^* Burned R. " 9^4 do 10^4 6. 11^3/4 12^3 * " 12^8^2 B. Meadow " 14^20 km during drive Ballside to Colebrook, Abundant all the way in grass fields & worst pastures. May 26- Two sets 4 & 5 eggs respectively, all slightly incubated taken from nest which on May 2/ had 2 & 3 egs as probable, Both in meadows between Ballside Hotel & Baker's other in the wheat meadow! Balls Umbagog, Mo 1896 Ammodramus savanna May 14- This evening at about 7.15 or it was getting dusky a Savanna lark ones in a dense grown of Pinus (25 to 30 ft tall) in a pastures on the Pearly White farm. " 15 - Finished but empty went in Ballside meadow on dry low but dry level short grass ground deeply bent among withered grass which arched over the top conceiving the nest wholly of fine, it was pretty effectually. This flushed within few yards. 2 eggs may 21^st taken with Keys May 26. " 20. Nest cavity freshly excavated & partially lined in apple orchard (young trees) standing on shady on hill (Pearly White farm), dry ground but growing nest for it, nest among fine, short, withered grass which overarched & concealed it perfectly. bird flushed directly from nest at 10.24th this nest visited by Nelson May 26. Empty & deserted. 85

Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. 1896, August 10. Lake Umbagog. Lakeside. copy (1) The Savanna Sparrows are still on their breeding grounds in the uplands fields and pastures. The meadow at Lakeside is alive with them. No doubt they will take to the river marshes as soon as the water falls sufficiently to make these grounds attrac- tive to them.

Ammotramus s. savanna. L = lakeside. 1897. Lake Umbagog. May 10 Bethel 11 Bethel to Upton " 11 12 3 13 2 15 4/6 17 2/18 3 20 3 26 1/2 Bethel - Upton " " (Haywood) 27 2/3 New lakeside June 7 2 floating island, " meadows. 7 Quack Meadows. " 10 Haywood 5 13 1/2 1903. June 5 6 7 8 Bethel. " 11 8/10 " to Upton " 12 3 in field between hotel & bath Lakeside " 14 perched in alder middle of flooded B. Meadows. Cambridge Pond " 15-20+ most abundant bird throughout their grassy fields & meadows on high & dry as well as low and Enrol to Coldbrook. springy or wet ground. Singing & feeding young

Ammotramus s. savanna. 1896. Lake Umbagog. August 9⁶ 10⁵ 11⁶ 12³ 14¹² 15¹⁰ 16⁸ 17⁸ 18⁴ 19³ 20³ new 29² moon 4. 31² September 2³ 3⁵ 4⁶ 5¹⁰ 7⁸ 8⁶ 14¹⁰ 15⁶ Outta morning. 28³ 29¹⁰ 30⁸ October 1⁴ 2⁴ 1897. September Bar/low, Bellows. D. 2⁶ - 3² 6 1898. August B.-b. 22¹² 1902. September 7² 10⁶ Bethel. 1904 September 16⁽⁴⁾ (Partridge Hill) 19⁶ 26⁶ Bethel. 1907 July 23⁸ 24⁶ 25⁸ 26² 29⁸ 30⁸ } man Baham's de August 2⁸ 3⁸ 5^young on 10⁶. B.-b. = Bellows To Bahama's de. L. = near Bahama's de. O. = " Outta. 88

Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna. Lake Umbagog, Maine. Nests and eggs. 1896. Watrous went down the Lake this morning to get two Savan- May 26. na Sparrows' nests in the meadows between Lakeside Hotel and the Lake - nests found by us last week, one by me, empty but finished, May 15, having two eggs May 21, the other by Watrous empty but finished May 14, with three eggs May 21. To-day Watrous took my nest with 4 eggs, and his nest with 5 eggs, both sets being slightly incubated and evidently complete. He searched a good deal for fresh nests and found one in the Lakeside meadow empty but apparently finished.

Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. Errol to Colebrook, N.H. copy 2 1903 June 15 I was particularly impressed by the great numbers of Savanna Sparrows in the grass fields and pastures between Errol and the Notch. They seemed to be everywhere, on high dry hill- sides as well as in the moist intervale meadows along the course of the river. They were singing freely but also carrying food in their bills for their young. 90

Passerculus sandwichensis savanna. 1907 Passerculus savanna Lakeside July 24 copy 3 N. H. a Savanna Sparrow, now Lakeside Hotel perched in a bush by the roadside & cruelly screeching about young which must have been concealed in the grass field beyond the fence, called tsiyk, tsiyk, constantly as long as I remained. This note was very like that of a junco. July 25. About noon evidently the same bird for it was perched on the same bush did not once give the thick note ta-day but instead called tit, tit, ti-ti or tit, tit-ti-ti or tit, ti-ti-ti. This chirping bore some resemblance to that of a Cliffsping (S. socialis) but was sharper & more trilling. Another bird in the Saratoga Clinging This evening used the same tit or ti-ti calls. It was at first in a bush on the call. It was at first on a rock near by. and afterwards more many birds there It seemed very unlike any of these the bird as described. 1907 Passerculus savanna C. Umbagog July copy 4 Savanna Sparrows are very common and generally distributed throughout the hillside pastures & grass-fields in Upper Canada's Cape. In flowers they breed and Conant's Cape. In winter are probably very commonly in other areas particularly in some colonies. This is the case in the winters on the Outer Shore, or upon the outskirts of the latter, within 10 or 15 miles of Boston, one may often glean of a few acres or a dozen birds as many as two or a dozen birds on bare summer weeds hanging out on fence. They sing very late into the evening and any early in the morning as well as during cold rainy weather when most other birds are silent. The songs of the birds found about the Cape seem to me less abrupt and more musical and forced strident which seems on the Sea Coast. than those which occur here, however, they are very insect-like, however, and coming as they often do from the grass are strongly suggestive of. concealed, crickets mixed with the chirping of grasshoppers. 91

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