Field notes, Cumberland River and Tennessee, 1899

Cumberland & Tennessee 1899

'99 K423 CUMBERLAND RIVER and TENNESSEE, If found, send by mail to Aug. F. Foerste 1017 W. Grand Ave. Dayton. Ohio.

Burnside, 589 Water level Tuesday 18. 1. Steamboat Landing Burnside 2. Eastward dip of lower part of Wavoly at Waitaboro Shoal, a little down stream from beginning of shoal. Waitaboro Shoal 588.8 - 585 Wednesday 19. 3} 4} 5) 6. View of flat boat rigged up with stern paddle wheel. Travels 40 miles down stream a day; 25 miles up stream a day Mill Springs view of sluice driving water to mill, upper part of it one with places for drink ing troughs etc, the lower part ging directly to mill & grist. First section at Landing. Thursday 20. 7. Cliff S side of river, at curve of river S.W. of Forbush Creek. 71/2. Orf. Mill. Took a view of the same cliff looking down stream, including my boat. 8. Rocks dipping N. on west side of river, just below a point di- rectly opposite the mouth of For- bush creek. Line of expense about N 30 W. 9 View across Forbush shoal, with cliff on north side of river northwest of mouth of Forbush creek as a background.

Base Black Shale, 632. Thursday - cant Section at William Richards house, North of mouth of Forbush creek, in NE side of river, from top of section Whitfieldia layer. See opposite page this book, 50 ft. The readings all with hand level. The Whitfieldia layer is 50ft above mouth of Forbush creek. Corrected triangmetric reading. About \1/4 mile eastward up the creek a small stream comes in from the north. Here there are 15ft, 6 in. of limestone below the Black Shale. This is indicated in the section on opposite page. A 3 in layer of sandstone seems to occur just beneath the Black shale, but only a trace is seen. The crinoidal layer occurs 21 in. below the Black shale. Black Shale 3 in. S.S. crinoid layer 21 inches down clint Opposite mouth of Forbush creek, in NE side of river, the Madison bed is 21 feet + thick, bare not seen. Added to section on opposite page. Dip south. From drill on west side the cliffs south of Forbush creek are seen to dip north. Anticline. Axis N42E - mine. N60 E-millers Low cliff very high drifts Forbush creek 2 ft. shaly limestone, full of trygozrans. 13 ft. poor exposure. clayey, shaly at one. Tot. = lowest water worm zebbles, quartz, 1"-- Poor exposure. 35 ft. clayey limestone. 2 ft. 6 in. crinoidal limestone. 5 ft. 9 in. chert layers in rubbly brown limestone. 20ft. impure shaly limestone. 5 ft 9 in. solid crinoidal limestone. 12 ft. impure limestone, light blue 5 ft. chiefly chert. 40 ft. part and limestone, rubble, decaying to brownish clay above whitish clay below. 28ft. harder more thanish shale. 35ft. soft grey shale. 5ft. limestone weathering brown on surface, with chert nodules + layers abundant. 39ft. grey marbly shale, 11 in. phosphatic modules. 39 ft. Black Shale, Whitf. cylinds, with large crin. beads, in upper 15 in. of limestone 15ft 6 in limestone, speckled blue, weathering mottled brown. 21 ft + thinish layers, Madison bed, with coral Ellmanaria? fairly preserved. Section N. of house of William Richards (3) A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O

Base Black Shale, Little Cub Creek. 591 Friday, 21 July '99. 10. View of Clinton rock exposure. Just below the mouth of Little Cub Creek. Dip N 68 E, in this long exposure nearest the mouth of the creek. Dip N 22 E near west end of exposure. D mr stream in West bank the dip is southwest; precise direction of dip is unknown. Section of view just below Little Cub Creek. Instead of following section take one below. 19 ft. of blue siliceous limestone, weathering rusty brown. 19 ft + Madison bed, clayey calcareous rock, very much like beds in Marlow Co., &c. Section of view just below Little Cub Creek, Black Shale 7 ft probably all greenish clayey shale 2 ft of layered limestone layers over 2 ft 6 in. of green clayey shale 3 ft 4 in. Ozogrod limestone. 15 ft 8 in. Clinton limestone 19 ft. Madison. Notes on above section. The entire thickness of continuous limestone layers is 19 ft, but the base of layer with many large round beads and Multifolia cylindrica 3 ft 4 in below the top, hence the sum of top section considered Ozogrod. On this lies clay shale, thin layered limestone; there are well exposed at mouth of Little Cub Creek. Above this there is less continuous exposure; greenish clay shale is exposed at various levels, and 1 foot of this clay shale occurs just beneath the black shale as indicated in the section just described. This makes the thickness of the total Ozogrod about 17 feet. Clinton 15 feet 8 in. Madison 19 feet. Dip seems to continue southwest as far as Norman's Landing, About 2 mile east of Norman's Landing the layer marked I seems to occur at water's edge, at any rate it is the dark blue clayey Marbury shale, and over it lies a thin limestone ledge with good Spirifers &c, and above this plenty of additional clayey shale. Beyond all question, there is no Lower Silurian, Clinton, Ozogrod Black Shale here, nor is there any grey layer Marbury. This indicates the existence of an anticlinal axis along the south rim edge of the river course. Rained nearly all day.

Saturday, 22 July. Morris Landing, 1/2 mi. above Nor- man's Landing. [illegible] A comparison of the next two notes indi- cates a fall of layer G of 88 1/2 ft. toward E in going 1 3/4 miles. Base of Black Shale 508.5 About 4 mile E Morris Landing towards mouth of Falls Creek, the layer G is found at water's edge. This is about 1 3/4 mile from next section. Base Black Shale 597. Section west of Morris's Landing, just E of sharp bend where Comber- land river turns N, near Leadville, section above this not measured. Abundant shale. 4 ft 9 in. crystalline limestone with chert. 27 1/2 ft. greenish sandy shale with phosphatic nodules at base. Black Shale. 39 ft with nod- nules at top. Contact with Mad-i-son apparently confirmed. 2 2 ft. of Madison bed a-one grained bed. Ripple marks in Madison N 10 E. Saturday cont. Just above Thomas Branch on E side of river is Madison bed dipping N 60 W. The Madison bed here is a thin bedded sandy limestone, the thin beds however hang together must lying separated by crazy courses. The thin bedding shows up beautifully in cross-section. Ripple marks 1 foot below Black Shale. N 49 W. Black Shale rests on Madison bed directly. No lizzard or Clinton. Ripple marks strike in various directions in upper beds of the Madison beds. These direc- tions change for sound to make it with difficulty to record them. Just below the mouth of Thomas Branch, The Madison beds rise going north west and still further south-west they dip north westward again. All the dips near Thom-as Branch are merely dips of strikes as seen at their exposed edges along the river bank which here runs about N 30 W. North west of Thomas Branch, about 1/2 mile the top of the Black shale with caracteristic nodules is found 99 X feet above river, estimating the thick- ess of the Black Shale at 39 ft. the base of the Black Shale is found at 60 ft. above water edge. The massive Madison beds are found at the base of the section at the mouth of a creek. West of the creek the highest part of the whirling thin- bedded Madison is found at 25 feet above the water's edge. The missing part of the section is unknown. Stanley

[Heterospongia (See below)] be the remainder of the Madis- son section but there is room to rough for Clinton: Wavely shale Black Shale, 35 feet measured, 39 ft. estimated. Unknown. Thin bedded Madison, Heavy Madison, X Bryozans. About 1/2 mile north westward of last section is the second creek coming in from NE side of river, since pass- sing Thomas Creek. Here some large bryozans were found near lower part of massive Madison beds, and t-here we sent to G.O. Ulrich. Mr. Joseph Morrow, Rankin, Wayne Cr, was present on this trip. See section above to which this fact was added. bryozans = Heterospongia subramosa, Ulrich. Rained nearly all day. Tried to buy a wheel for our boat. Anna went back with us. Rock rise on going west to top of anticlinal. See next days work! They evidently has been a rise of 60 feet for the base of the Black Shale from Thomas branch to the creek just E. of the anticline. Base Black Shale 572, Sunday July 23:99. Anticline near middle part of course of river where it flows westward, a short distance further west it begins to flow southward. The for- miferous beds below the Madison are brought up by the anticline. The axis of the anticline is a short dis- tance east of the main bend of the river, changing from a northerly to a southerly course. At the axis of the anticline the section as far up as the massive Madison beds is exposed. Up the first stream going westward and then up a small branch coming in from the north, The section is continued up to The Black Shale. The combined section is given below: Base Black Shale 625 42 ft. Barometric. Prof. Miller Black Shale. 32 ft. Madison beds, Upper part thin bedded 9 feet heavy 4 ft. Transition beds to Madison 17 feet of Richmond beds.

Sunday. Continuation of section described in preceding page described by Prof. Miller. Heights are barometric. Conglomerate gravel Purins clerty fragments Shale Grey crystalline limestone Criminal. Clerty shaly limestone. Dark chert or flint. Sandy shale, more irregular and calcareous at top. x Nodular layer Black shale. Thin bedded Madison Thick bedded Mad Richmond beds 22 10 40 brams. 17 Sunday. Certhia biforata occurs in the thick- bedded Madison bed from 3 feet above the base to 7 ft above the base. It is rare but can be found. 14 specimens were found between the anticlinal and the place called the ripple on the map. The branching byrgans are found from 5 feet above the same to 7ft 10 inches above the same, 15 specimens found. The globular byrgans are found from 5.2 feet to 6.2 feet above the base of the heavy Madison beds. Considering the fact that the heavy Madison beds are 9 ft 2 inches thick time, it will be seen that five Siluria fossils are found through its entire thickness. Moreover the thickbedded Madison is lithologically the same as the overlying thin bedded Madison, but the thin layers hang together and therefore have a total massive effect and break off in larger masses from the cliffs. Hence the beds are often 1 inch thick while the beds of the thin bedded Madison are often only ½ inch thick. Note the absence of the 26 inch blue limestone layer (R) from above the Madison. This denotes that the Black Shale does not lie on the top of the Madison, one of the Madison having been removed by erosion. The Richmond beds contain chiefly Certhia biforata, and hyrgans. Certhia occidentalis is rather uncommon.

Base of Black Shale 617. A short distance west of Harmon's creek, the fossiliferous Richmond beds occur at water's edge. The base of the Black Shale is exposed 58 feet above the river and the Black Shale seems to be 33 feet thick. The top of the Madison beds is softened to a greenish chalky clay. The Black Shale rests on the Med. beds; from the anticline described in the last section westward the rocks dip southwestward, but at the Harmon shoals they dip northeastward, and west of Harmon creek the base of the Black Shale is almost as far above the river as at the anticline. Base Black Shale 618 Monday, July 24 '99, About ½ mile E of Difficult creek. The following section is exposed: 50 ft. limestone weathering to sandy rock. 11 ft. white limestone. 22 ft. sandy rock paymnds, formerly limits fine exposures. 32 ft. dark shale rock, with occasional thin limestone layers. 64 ft. crinoidal limestone. 76½ ft. Sandy stone, once a limestone? 80 m exposures. 6½ ft. massive layered limestone. 10 ft. rubble limestone. 1 ft. fine grained limestone 66 ft. Wavy dark blue shale weathered brownish Nodular layer gray shale. 45 ft. Black Shale 51 ft. Richmond beds When part with certain triviate abundants When part with Gastropods + Pleurodonta.

Monday, July 24, '99. Of the upper part of the Richmond section of the preceding section, in preceding page is equivalent to the Madison then the Lamar Silurian age of the Madison is abundantly proved by the many Siren Dolo mite fossils. This is however very unlikely, since farther west, there where the river after flowing a little north I next turns north, and after 2 miles reaches the mouth of Wolf Creek. The Madison is seen well exposed, the basal thick bedded layers and the overlying thin- bedded layers being just as character- istically developed as in any pre- vions section. It is very unlikely that in such a short distance the Madisi on beds should leave entirely but their characteristic features, and then have resumed them again a short distance farther on. This is the section at the bend of the river 2 miles S. of Wolf Creek: Base of Black Shale 620. Black Shale. 25 feet Madison beds- thin bed- ded. massive 28 ft. Richmond beds withs at top. Sastergords at very base. 28 10 5 Monday July 24, '99 V5 The Madison continues to be ex- pessed in well recognizable form up the river as far as within 3 miles of Green or Drown bar.

Section up the hill above the store, south of mouth (above mouth) of Wolf creek. Unknown. No river gravels seen. 8-1/2 ft. Chester sandstone. Kaskaskia thinbedded. 22 ft unknown. 3 ft limestone 8 ft. yellow 17 ft limestone, very crinoidal at top, 11 ft unknown 11 ft limestone. 11 ft unknown. art of it me? 11 ft limestone, upper layers with chert. 12 ft. shaly limestone 22 ft limestone. white, hard, with good chert layer 16-1/2 ft above base. 33 ft. of darker layered shale becoming lighter colored + more massive at 41-1/2 ft. crinoidal limestone, fine lam- ination section. Top layers with many small geodes 65 ft. Dark blue shale above. Unknown. 5 feet? limestone. Dr. J. Miller. 15 ft? Blackish shale. Dr. J. Miller. 7 ft massive limestone about 7 feet Continuation of section on preceding page, 39 ft. Waverly shale 22 ft. Black Shale above water edge, River. Probably 17 ft black shale below level of river. 11. View of river bottoms and cliffs. 12. Carpentier from hill above Wolf creek store. The first view was taken from a higher altitude. Cindy. Set 2. 1. Views of contact between thinbedded 2. Madison + Black Shale, with 2-3 inch 4. Layer of sandy rock between. Dr. J. Miller says this is the phosphate bed beneath the Black Shale, in Tennessee, No. 3 spilled. Shutter film. How this came to be so I do not know. Black shale down to river edge Tr within a short distance of Erskine Shoals giving down the river J Madison top is beneath the river beds.

Bare Black Shale 600 A short distance below Breasy Shoal on the west bank of the river is the, following section: Black shale 2 1/2 in Sandy layer. Olinphlites led Dry. Miller Thin bedded 28 ft thin {Madison beds 38 ft. bedded Layer with branching Bryozoa and heavy Blickleaded 16 ft, About 5 1/2 feet below the top of the heavy Madison beds is a layer with more limestone characters, containing quite a number of branching Bryo- zooas. Typical Madison ortho is found below this Bryozoon layer. Orthus bifrons is found less than 2 1/2 feet below the top of the heavy Madison beds, Tuesday July 25 '99, BL Shale 629/19 About half way between Breasy creek and Belk Island, on the west slope, the following section is found: Black shale. 3' in layer sandstone, plurphatic Milleri Orthus bifrons both residents seen at my trip. 68 ft Richmond beds. The lower 20 feet are very fossilifer- ous, and don't get anywhere, but the alternates to. From 1-3 feet above the base of the Black shale a greenish clay shaly intermixes. Black shale below. While the number of fossils decreases from and to the top of the section and the lime becomes more clayey, there are nevertheless less plenty of fossils here. Along the bank north east of Belk Island very fossiliferous thin limestone with very marked layers, one exposed for a long distance dipping west. At the southern end of the island, the east bank of the river shows the came strata dipping east. About 1/4 mile beyond Belk island on the east bank of the river, the arches dip sweet almost as far as Belk Island. Farther southeast down the stream, there seems to be a southwest dip again. All of these dips are well marked but gentle.

Tuesday July 25 '99. About 1/4 mile beyond Belk Island, on the east bank of the river, where the high cliffs begin; the following section is formed: Black shale apparently rests directly upon Ricken and beds. White layer possibly about, not seen. mud clays, less fossiliferous. chiefly Bryozoons massive very fossiliferous, 6 ft above river. Salechnus & Tetradinium abundant. [illegible] the upper 50 feet of the Ricken and beds mud clays, and less fossiliferous nonetheless carry Orthus lividatus Orthus occidens, also enough to make possible to find these fossils at all 2 feet of rock below these 50 are pure white in appearance and are char- acterized by containing chiefly oolithic Bryozoons. Lower 17 3/4 feet are very fossilifer- ous Owing to the facts that there is an amount of regular limestone interrupted by this clay partings, and as we have the appearance of the rocks at Hopping and Hull + Can tain some fauna. At the bottom of this section Salechnus & Tetradinium fossiliferous mud clays 20 feet thick. Tuesday cont. At the bend of a river about 1/2 beyond Belk Island I took the following photographs. 5. A little further down the river. 6, 7. One at time exposure ... 8. A little farther up the river. 9. One at time exposure. 10. 11. Still further up the river. All of these views were taken within 300 feet of me another. The focal notes will enable me to re- produce the elements of the sections in three photographs! More white shale, a little above here trees begin again. Thick limestone at Very light Waverly A limestone layer A little more bare. Tips of tree reach about thus: a little darker in color. Waverly shales Black shale Trees begin at this level Vertical cliff of Madison with few fossils. Well bedded Ricken and gravel slide at base

Tuesday. At this place about 2 feet of greenish shale can be seen me only at the base of the Black shale. Only about 1/2 foot of black shale intervenes between the greenish phase of the Black shale and its base. This greenish phase of the Black Shale was first noticed half way between Greasy creek & Belle Island, see notes 3 pages before this. About south of the western end of Belle Island, on the next turn of the river, where it flows west, on the north bank of the river, the rocks dip east. About 10 feet of very sandy limestone one with small bed cross bedding are exposed. Towards the top trigram remains, and a few cuttings of crinoidals & O. bips data came in. About 10 feet of frail shaly limestones overlie the sandy beds and about 2 1/2 miles above Romana the rocks dip west again and about 2 miles above Romana, the Tetradians and Scutichia beds are found about 10 feet above the frailling beds last mentioned. All of these measurements are guesses but the important fact is the existence of a rough crossbedded beds at one great distance below the shale chips beds of the delta on my mile below Belle Island. Wednesday July 26 '99, B.E. Shale 650. Just below Medina branch, at the beginning of the high cliff exposure on the north side of the river, 2 miles above Romana, the following sections seem: 8 1/2 feet thin shales, dark. 14ft massive limestone weathering brown 45 ft dark shales = limestm shales. 5 ft less shaly. At top with gardes - 65 ft shale at me, and soft of shaly hard and dark lime st me. In places crossing together shales hang together here. 1 1/4 ft brown limestone F. 27 ft. dark shale, brown tinge, becoming harder & more massive at top. 13 1/4 ft. massive brown limestone 33 ft Wavely shale dark shale, light at base. 35 ft. Blade Shale, a few nodules at top. 11 ft top of massive beds E 650 9 1/2 37 ft. clayg limestone D. with some grits 639 11 1/2 ft. massive limestone C? 15ft limestone + clay B.

Wednesday. A. 19 ½ feet above river to a layer with small specimens of Sabellaria + Tetradinae. B. 15 ½ feet of limestone layers and clay layers in about equal pro- portion well interbedded. The layers about 3-4 inches thick. Here I found Stephanomena alternata, Crustellaria festivalis, Pterinea demissa. Orthis bifurcata, a form with scars by any large line. The uppermost layers contain good Sabellaria + Tetradinae. C. 11 ½ feet of massive limestone well exposed. D. These massive clayey beds with a few fossils, resemble the Madison beds in many ways but differ in containing fossils. At the very top is a bed with very many Orthis bifurcata. E. 11 feet of some kind of massive beds. Orthis occidentalis found within 6 inches of Black Shale. The base of the Black shale rested upon this massive bed and Prof. Miller dug out shale resting upon Orthis bifurcata, n and a manner that an impression of this fossil was preserved in the lower face of the Black Shale. Wednesday. F. 14 ft from limestone, with not many small crinoid heads + a few spirifers. Declined to break up into shaly fragments. G. 22 feet of massive white limestone, with gerdes, specially near the top = St. Louis according to Prof. Miller. At Rosena, The lower Richmond beds, 20 feet exposed on Sairo- pill side, about a horizon 1 feet just below Madison! &? 12. View of screw pump, or prin- cipled Sand pump, 65 foot driven well owned by store keeper at Fairville.

X The 27th, July 27 '99. Black Shale 681. About half way between Indian Creek and Long Bottom Island, a little near to Indian Creek a short distance from reaching the strung bed in the right, the fol- dowing section is shown. 36 ft. Black Shale D, 6ft of binnish rock in face of B.E.D. 48 1/2, Madison beds. More thin C, lodded below and some layers more in massive layers 3-12 in. thick near top, 16 1/2 ft. soft shales with about-B, dunt fossils at base. 91 32 3/4 ft. of massive clay stone with limestone in irregularly defined horizontal patches (early madison?) 74 3/4 A 42 1/2 ft. of bedded limestone with clay partings, the latter then still hard forming a clay rock in which the limestone occurs as layers. Rich mud A. Portelno, Caliprato, A. occidentalis Lamellibranchia, Murchisonia, Bucania. B. Section above face not exposed. C. This is the appearance the Madr- sion bed should have of this bed turned to a gentle plane limestone. The lime- stone is very dense, very fine grained of medium then rather light blue color, when weathered it shows that it is made up of very thin bedded layers. X Thursday hanging together, it is practically impossible to see but I found in it one specimen of Lingula? sps. Does this indicate Lower Upper Silurian age. at trip = The occurrence of quite typical Mad- ison beds on the clayey beds with few regular limestone layers, which I have suspected to be Madison further up the river at a number of points is very interesting. Does this mean that the Madison does not become fossiliferous when folded horizontally in an exposure or exposure? at face of Black Shale is a brown- ish sandy appearing rock which when freshly fractured appears as though it might be the base of the Black Shale here, corresponding to the greenish mure clayey beds seen in the range of the Black shale in the section half way between Greasy Creek + Belk Island. See 8th page preceding this. The very thin bedding shown by this binnish rock is especially characteristic, and suggests relationship to a shaly rock, and as I suppose from previous sections, to the base of the Black Shale. See 4th page following. 7

Thursday July 27. '99 cont. The section first described is a little east of the centre of a long low flat syncline. In my sight distance below Indian Creek strata, the rocks dip westward, at first rapidly and then more slowly. Then for any distance they are nearly flat. A short distance above Longbottom Island the same rocks dip quite strongly southward a little east of south. At the lower end of Longbottom Island and the rocks dip northward a northeast. Half way between Longbottom Island and Little Indian Creek the rocks dip northeast again, the dip in the opposite direction between those two locations was not very marked. Near the northeast end of the high cliffs extending on the west bank of the river from Longbottom Island, northwards, a path leads up to a house and thence around leads back of the highest ridge up the river, to a school house which may be seen on top of the high ridge, in coming down the river. Half way between the house first mentioned and the school house, is a log cabin opposite which is a little gully in which the following section was found; Base Black Shale 656. See 2nd page beyond for continuation of upper part of this section. Black shale, 2 1/2 ft. Rather coarse dark shales D 3 ft. Greenish layers in black shale. Black Shale 4 inches. Residual phosphatic layer .4 in. 12-ft, 9 in. Thin bedded Madison 11 ft. heavy Madison beds, 83 ft. not observed. D These shales look a great deal like some of the dark Wavely shale. They are irregularly fractured, and do not break up into the thin fissile shales characteristic of the residual Black Shale.

(31) Confirmation of section on 4th page preceding, half way between Indian Creek + Smytht Island, Barometric measurements by Prof. Miller T4g level, where the layers be- come more calcareous. 60 ft. shaly sandstone. 15 ft. sandy calcareous linters, at one 2 ft. sandy limestone ledge. 10 ft. sandy calcareous layers 4ft limestone 35 ft shale, 7 ft limestone 15 ft shale 2 ft limestone. 10 ft shale 3 ft. Yellow limest, shaly at base. 15 ft shale. 3 ft reddish brown limestone 25 ft. sandy shale 4 ft Dam ore X Nodular Lages Confirmation section described on the 2nd page preceding this, but the measurements are all bar- ometric, by Prof. Miller. = upper part of section at Ingles School house. About 20 feet of calcareous shales to top about (2) feet of limestone. About 30 ft. of shaly limest. + sandy sl. about (2) feet of massive limestone about 18 ft. of shale + shaly limestone, About 30 feet of massive ledges of limestone, Waverly. 40 ft. These amount include Black Shale and Lacey Waverly, Only the lower part of Black Shale is exposed.

24 Thursday, July 27. Photographs. 1) View of cliff where we camped 2) Half way between Indian Creek 3) Shoals + Hayfton Island, Section Rur. 4) View of large builders, Silver school " " Near view. 5 6 View of large beds. 7 View from highest point of ridge, Mfg school. 8 View " to Camera inclined down. 9 Interior of school house. 10 " " Longer exposure. 11 Group of school children. 12 " " Longer exposure. Mrs. Susan Vaughan. Rendall, Russell Co. Ky, Set 4: 1. View of Insynclinal, on night bank from below Boyd's Bar, below mouth of Little Indian Creek, 2. View a little further down. The lower shelving part is Richmond and. The massive Madrim beds are to be seen. Together with the thin bedded Madrim from vertical exposure. The green shale at base of Black Shale forms a shelving bench on which trees begin to grow. It looks like soil from a distance. The Black Shale is nine vertical + its shaly character can be recog nized. The Warty shale above can not be well distinguished, Friday July 28 '99. (33) Set 4 3. View of Horsearch Natural bridge, printing camera up. 4. Stone, Camera level. 5. View arch section on left side of bridge. Shining: Black Shale, Soft beds at base of Black S. Hard beds at topy Madrim Thin bedded Madrim, Heavy beds of Madrim, Clay beds with fossils getting into a considerable distance above the top of Cave. This is indeed my typical Richmond at base, 6. Nearst view of natural bridge 7. View down river along N bank. 8. View of river, along N bank. 9. View of gasoline steamer Creek but pas- sing, looking directly towards the sun but at arm. 10. Still nearer view of bridge, 11) Two views of emergency tent com- 12} erected on this ford, with sluets + blankets in order to place fresh plates in plate holders. Set 5 1. View of interior of boat. Time exposed 2. Middle view of boat interior 3. Looking towards boat from the front. 4) View of bridge from other side. 5 " " from N side. 6 looking towards the river.

Friday July 28. '99. Black Sh. 670 Section above Rock House Natural Bridge. 20 feet to top of hurt, not exposed, 44 ft. of sandstone rock, once a sandy limestone. 19 ft. of Waverly shale, harder, forming cliff. 77 ft. of Waverly shale breaking down. 7 ft. Limest. weathering rusty brown. 21 ft. Waverly Shale. Black Shale. Typical Black Shale. 37ft total Base of Bl. Shale weathering off 5 ½ feet of solid thin limest. C. Shrinkled Madian D Heavy Madison Clay beds with fossils rather in drift masses not forming sand beds. Plenty of free lumps to 73 ft in clay rock. Only str jured above. 49½ft. to roof of Bridge 27½ft to top of richly fossiliferous beds Bilhumond 11ft. to base of Bridge Set 5 8. Time, large spy. I view from top of cliff above 9. Indiananians. Bridge. Looking south towards Cuelano, showing road bottom included in V shaped course of river, looking towards Cuelano, a few miles in distance on left side of river. The river course is indicated by the long line trees. The hill on left of these are the plateau margin through which the river has cut. 10. View my stream. View from cliff above Bridge. 11. First view of cat fish while man array 12) with jerk it was caught 2 hours later. Explanations of section in preceding page, F. From river bank the base of Black Shales cliff is seen to weather + form a sort of soil. E. Residual layer, hardly 2 inches more like SS. C. This at me corresponds to the 1st case in which I found Siphonopsis. It is very finy and dense, and contains very small fossils which I do not recognize. Among these fossils are gastropods. This at me corresponds lithologically best with the gastropod layer, near Madison, Indiana. D. Judging from amount exposed vertical sided cliff when it could not be measured, 1 to the close is about 12 ft. This number is partly secured from a previous section & top preceding,

Set 6. 1. Two views from [illegible] 2. Back towards the Rich Horse, About 1/2 miles S. of Self also the lower 2'2-3 feet of Black Shale still weather more readily and form a soil in which trees take root. (Fossils at Fowler's Landing.) See 2nd page following this) • Schyrolina subrosa var. • Mygdlopsis sp.? Schyrodonta near truncata, Slyktrdesma gibbosa. (Fossils above Bakertown Landing.) See 6th page following Da chyrodonta near truncata

A. Upper 4 feet of the 20 ft of limestone consist of dense blue limestone, in 4 layers. The top layer is very fossiliferous and contains Arthoceras Murchison ia, Oterinea, Modiolopsis? Cellus occidentalis, + a smaller Modiopsis? I collected quite a number of fossils here. (For fossils see 2d page preceding this) The lower 16 feet also consist of limestone but it is evidently a thin- banded limestone, though the thin bands hang together so as to form quite a firm stone. These thin banded limestone weathers more readily than the limestone courses which do not show any bedding. The upper limestone beds slum in the weathered surface, gaesterford and Arthoceras very much in the same style as does the gaesterford layer along the Ohio river country near Madison Indiana and thence south westward. They correspond to the massive beds at Rock House, apparently, by a virtue these beds. B. 12 1/2 feet of clayey rock, weather- ing into Clay shale. The basal part formed hard, rather white as look- ing, then courses. C. 7 inches of rather solid lime- stone. D. 3 feet of clayey Mud, like rock massive looking, weathering into a soft clayey rock. E. At the base of the Black Shale, the lower 3 feet weather more readily. The total measured section up to the nodular layer gives in 30 feet for the thickness of the Black Shale. Perhaps the nodular layer has fallen down the hill side a little bit of this I have not evidence. F. The lower part of the section was secured from the end nearest Willis's Creek bluffs. The 14 feet of thin bedded clay limestone there underlie 3 1/2 feet of heavy limestones. These limestones I assume to be the lower layers of the 20 feet of limestone slum in the Furler's Landing section. According to this interpretation, we have here at least 21 1/2 feet of rock above the rock shun at Rock House. In that case the thin banded limestone which has the massive appearance and which evidently belong above the thin bedded May- or contains clust. Unfortunately, I do not remember whether the limestone bed with clust actually was at the base of the 20 ft. of lime- stone at Furler's Landing. I am not certain.

"Just above the mouth of Circus Creek the following section was exposed: Rest of section above this same as at Rock House. 12 ft, limestone, 57 feet Maranby 3 ft. thin limestone, Lower Wavely seen to be absent. 35 ft. of Black Shale, No nodules. Prof. Miller found one. 4 3/4 ft. heavy limestone, with chert nodules. 8 1/2 ft. thin bedded clayey Madian. 8 1/2 ft not exposed, 80 ft. of clayey limestone, (Overdr - Madian towards middle trip) with fossils, A. This is the layer at top of Rock House Lower Silurian, so it at the base or top of the 20ft. of limestone exposed above Fowler's Landing. Just West of Circus Creek is a strong westward dip of the rocks, there given the oil wells were once situated. The Oil bubbles up, part of the time, and the wells are sunk 700 feet in the northern river bank. 806 3) Views of the westward dipping 4) rocks at the oil wells. Of them 5) is an anticline here the east- ern side of the anticline is not seen here. A little farther west a layer corresponding perhaps to the mass ive Madian at the base of the Madian, and almost immediately overlying beds containing fossils, contains either gun-flints in clay, pebbles of about the same character. The fact that all the pebble, dead about the size suggests that they are nodules! Found 21 feet above river, Nodules 3-3/4 inches in diameter, 2 in. thick. Thin bedded Madian 17 feet thick immediately above, fronted as with chert nodules over this.

Sunday July 30, '79. Set C 2. View of synclinal just below mouth of Rennix Creek. There were formerly oil wells here. The Big Dancer can well was sunk into the bed of this creek, A short distance above Bakerstown Landing, where a stream of water runs out the cliff sides into a small stream, towards the hill summit, a considerable number of limestone payments, peatly cherty, are found, and contain the same fossils as those found at Fowler's Land- ing. (For fossils see 6th page preceding.) At Bakerstown Landing, up the cliff just above the Landing, the lower shaly Madison rocks are well ex- prired near the upper part of the cliff section which is free from limestone. The top part of the cliff section free from rocks, formed by about 4 feet of lime- stone with chert nodules (Rock House) beneath are quite a number of feet of thin- bedded limestones, excellently shaly in places. Above this occurs several feet (4?) of fossiliferous limestones con-taining the same fossils as those found at Fowler's Landing. Above an about 10-12 feet of thin bedded rock, in which are thin siliceous curious beds, like siliceous layers Lyellia until examined. The Black shale probably once oc-curred immediately above this, Just above the mouth of Rennix Creek the following section is shown: Base Black Shale 620? Black Shale? 5 6½ feet. thin bedded limestones + clayey limestone. 1½ ft. heavy limestone, Lancellibrand 2 ft. of dark shaly limestone, a clay, B 18 ft. 9 in. thin bedded limestone + shale A 5 ft. Rock House limestone with chert nod. 14 ft. clayey shale, thin layers. A. Main part of section consists chiefly of thin bedded clayey shales, but lower part and upper part of section con-sists of thin bedded limestone, easily breaking up along the bedding. The upper ½ feet of these rocks partially formed part of the 4 feet of limestone inclu-ded in the upper 4 feet of at one sepa-rated from the 20 feet of limestone at Fowler's Landing under the name of the fossiliferous beds. B. With Orthis occidentalis, Amhomy-chia radiata, Pterinea obliquata. C. This limestone is very fine grained- it still belongs to first limestone beds. Laureasat Fowler's Land. ½x

Just below Renix Creek is a well marked syncline which was plotted. graphed. A little farther down is a very strongly marked anticline. At Renix creek the Jessen or Madison beds do not appear at all. The line up riverver at the anticline farther down the river, at Renix creek there are 56 feet of rock exposed above the fossiliferous limestone beds. Does this mean that in the Renix Creek syncline a greater thickness of Madison beds was preserved than for quite a dis- tance up the river. At Rock House the Rock House cherty bed is preserved, at Farley's Landing, the Farley's landing fossiliferous limestone, and at Renix creek, the Renix's creek upper Madison beds. This indicate a thickening of the beds in series in this direction. Set 6 8) Below Alexander Bar, just be- fore reaching the bend of the river, 9) 10) There is a strong dip of the arches 11) 12) and stream then they are nearly level for a long distance. Apparently, a very anticline structure in the nearly level axis. Monday July 31, '99. About a mile above Burkeville on the south side of the river, the follow- ing section is exposed. Black Shale (About 156 ft. above river. 44 ft. about to base of Black Shale. 24 ft. additional to top of fossil- iferous layer. A, 88 ft to heavy limestone with chert 156 44 112 A. This is the typical fossiliferous layer. The upper 1-1½ft. of limestone is dense and massive. The shaly cherty limestone below contains foraminella bundles, Pterinea, + Arthrin. occidentalis. 1 ft. thick. Beneath is limestone with banding diptyrans.

Section at Waverly road leading N. from Court House at Burkesville, 116 ft. of Waverly shaly limestone. (about 2 ft. above base of this series) fossils are very abundant. 40ft. Waverly shale. 2ft. harder calcareous shales with fossils, 38ft. darker Waverly shale. 134ft. clayer limn limestone. 14 ft. Waverly clay shale. 28ft. Black Shale. 3ft. greenish grey clayer shale. 2ft greenish brown phosphatic lithary rock. 159ft. Lower Silurian (Court House about 52 ft above the river. a number of silicified Lamellibranchias (mussel of natives) collected by the natives show that the fossiliferous beds occur there, but their exact distance from the Black shale was not noted. Tuesday Aug. 1, '99. Packed up, leaving boat in charge of mill owner. Paid $25.35 as my share of expenses. Wednesday Aug. 2, '99. Work stage, Burkesville to Glasgow. Good road as far as Willor Shade. The Lower Silurian is exposed as far as Willor Shade, just beyond Miller Shade the Black shale over lies it. The elevation of the face of the Black Shale = 133ft. corrected barometric measurement below the elevation of the post office, Court house square, at Glasgow. The elevation of the depot is probably a little above that of the P.O. but the difference is surprised out to exceed 10-15 feet. At Marantine there is a fossiliferous layer in the same Silurian only 11 feet below the base of the Black shale. A fine piece of silicified wood was shown me as coming from thence. Glasgow = 780. Base Bl Sh, at W.Sh. = 630? Thursday Aug. 3, '99. Took train to Glasgow (opposite then to Boarding green. Confined to lounge al most entire time,

Friday Aug. 4 '99. Went to Nashville. Prof. Safford had gone to Monteagle, a summer resort in SE part of Bluegrass region. Mr. Killebrew was strangely ignorant of the distribution of the sedimentary series of the state. Phosphatic plates had recently been found in Tennessee at the base of the Black Shale and in the Nashville series, 30-70 feet above the top of the Trenton. I saw specimens at the R.R. exhibit which had been prepared for the Nashville exposition, and which was still open for inspection. Fork evening train to Gallatin. Bledsoe Black Shale [496?] = 691. South Tunnel = 806. Base of Black Shale = 770 ft. Top LS. 712 Gallatin 496. Base of Black Shale, Lafayette. 772 Top LS 772 Baker 545 Base of Black Shale 595 Top of LS = 513. Bogart = 533. White Cluff = 819. Black Shale W of Bogart = 520? Top LS. = 440. Newport = 537 Black Shale base = 650 Top LS = 537? Saturday Aug 5 '99. (7) South Tunnel Station 297 ft above Gallatin. Between 2 Tunnels = 268 ft above "" "" . Lower end 2nd tunnel = 263 ft " " "" . Top of Upper Silurian: 260 ft " " "" . Base of Black Shale} It should be remembered that there where the Waldron bed is exposed the dip is strangely northward. Smith Tunnel. Section 2nd cut south of 2nd tunnel: Mudstones at top at 1st cut. Black Shale. Thickness? Phosphatic at base 4 ft. Waldron bed. Cretic 1 ft. at top 33 1/2 ft. Laurel limestone 11 ft + Azgard shale + claysrock Near top of Waldron shale: Dalmanites tail + Atrypa reticularis. In oritic layer; Atrypa reticularis, Strph. rhombicidal, Multifurcata at base of Laurel, (flower) not rare, rather common at middley Laurel. Orthoceras like & annulation but narrower like amyens.

Sunday Aug 6, '99. Ballatin, Tenn., Franklin Ky, Monday, Aug. 7, '99, ⑦ Suttle Tunnel- Section. See preceding page. 2 1/2 ft. Very cherty Waverly limestone. 5 ft greenish Waverly shale. 2 3/4 ft. White fine grained fss. limest. 4-6 in. layer with nodules 6-10 in. 10 3/4 ft. Black slate 2-3 inches hard dark phosphate 4 ft. about. Waldron shale 33 1/2 ft Samuel limestone, trip orbito- base with 14 1/2 ft. Asgrod clay rock + clay shale D. 6 1/2-7 ft. Clinton light pink siliceous 8ft. Massive Madisim contorted B. 8 ft. banded Madison. A. 40 ft. Madison beds, banded clay rock in 4 ft. layers and limestone one (thicker) interbedded, guessed at. 20 ft. guessed at, Thin bedded Mad. shales, Q. occidentalis in layer near middle Richmond beds, Certhis ltp. Stmph. alternata, Rh. dentata. C. Later than as on next page. Cherty, Cherty 3 1/2-4 ft. Are the 3 ft of siliceous rock, underneath, See section west of Safayette. CmT the 40 ft. Madison beds belonging to the Madison series they show that the Madison beds change feathery into limestones SW. A. This is not disproved by the 8 ft. banded Madison which evidently, is only the upper part of the series below. Near the middle it contains limestone, but the fossils can not be readily recognized, being brand mix fragments, yet well preserved. The underlying this layer is the top of the 40 foot series, containing: Strophomena thin alternata, crummi in abrupt. Septuena zonicea, Cyclammina, canellibranchus, including byri- grains. The ride of the 8 ft. layer 8 ft., A., is fluid even when fresh and more clayey than calcareous in appearance? Samuelbranch in clay. B. The great 8 ft layer has a very even base and top not withstanding the fact that the layer itself is ap- parently very much contorted. It is still a thinish rock of clayey character like the rocks below. C. The Clinton is bedded, very much like some of the Madison beds but its color is more whitish or light pink, and it has the appearance of the siliceous limestones of Indio- ana. Near the middle+ This very fossil forms + cherty.

7 cm C, Clinton, fossils. [Platystoma Niagaraense, Baker's only] Heliolites [illegible] wavy between corallites, corallites 7/64 inch diameter + about 1/6 inch apart. Heliolites like Farmer's quarry form with very fine corallites. Farmeres farrensi [Baker's] Farrerite Niagaraense [Baker's, Halysites catenulatus] Baker's, Cyathophyllus calyculus. Ipomea? Arthris bifurcata, rather small, with 2 plications in sinuos [Baker's, Arthus elegantula Arthus flabellicus crummi. [Baker's] Strophomena Hanoverensis. Stickelandsinia Stickelandi. Crummi. Triplesia Cortoni. Atrypa modestriata, Not rare, Phycodella neglecta Cyclenema with ridges along con- volution. Not large. Delaceras ambiguus, [Platyspora quadra, Baker's only] D. Oxford beds. A regular Madison like clay rock at top and about 3 ft down, most of the remaining beds rather shaly but not as in Ry. Sawell limestone, for fossils see 3rd page preceding, In Walden was found pygidium of Dalmanites. See 3rd page preceding. 7 cm Platplate rock very typical. Black slate more than doubled by fault shearing. Nodules unnaturally large. Overlying limestone unnaturally white + fine grained for a Wavely limestone. Wavy shales above the described section very thick + well exposed but not measured.

Tuesday, Aug. 8, '99. (1) Southeast of Lafayette, Macaul. Terr. ½ mile. In the gully that leads to the "Sulphur Spring" From hotel at Lafayette to top of section = 81 ft. 46 ft. greenish Wavyly, crinoidal claygy limestone, cherty, 13 ft. Black Shale. Above the base is shale crumbling like Wavyly B. Madison beds, heavy. B. About 1 foot at the face of the Black Shale is characteristic & fissile. About 1½ feet over this the shale is more arenaceous & crumbles like the Wavyly. See sections on the Crumpled Land. One trace of planulate arch. Lafayette is 488 ft above Hartsville " " 416.6 above Ballatin, Then Hartsville is 72 ft, " Ballatin, This Blackdale is 428 below Lafayette Elmerville .. 472 " " (2) Black Shale at Lafayette is 348 ft above Hartsville and 276 ft above Ballatin. 5 mi N town. Black shale in Madison Wednesday, Aug. 9, '99, (3) Gap of the Ridge, 6 mi. W. of Sa- fayette on grad to Westmore- land. Macauls. Terr., wavyly shale. 28 ft. Black Shale. at base is crinoidal material B Madison beds, massive The exposure occurs on the grad leading south down the gap. At the face of the Black Shale a silt in sandy material is found imbedged & interbedded with the Black Shale. This may be residual material from the Criniferous. See 2nd section legend. (4) Halman P. Weeks. 7 mi. W. of Lafayette. 130 ft below house is base of Black Sh. Wavyly, many layers = good kind limestone, Black Shale, Wavyly like just above / trace? 18 ft not upper 7 ft - Sandel ? exposed Siltu 11 ft - Osgrdd? B 11½ ft. Osgrrd clay exposed. 2½ ft. Clinton limestone A / Madison, Clinton with Favnites favanna, Cyclal. calyculum, Anthus elegantula. If the Osgrrd is 22 ft thick (See next section) there is room for 7 ft of Sandel limestone here, but this not exposed.

5 S.R. Wood, just W. of Mt. Pis-gah Church, 7\frac{3}{4} miles west of Safayette. From base to top of section = 74 feet. 65 ft. Mayerly, very crinoidal, like clay, crinoidal limestone (at the Meckeltr. cality; good limestone with spirifus & crinoid teeth) 27\frac{1}{2}ft Black Shale (Base: 238 ?) - ft. above Gallatin, Farmville) 6-16 in of dark rock, smaller leaf = very crinoidal. Upper half phosphatic 18\frac{1}{2}ft. Lamin. D. clmunitis Lim. nlum., Atrypa reticularis, O. bifo rata, all at top 22-62 good clay. 2\frac{1}{2}ft Clinton curtain, Farovite Farmns 14 ft down to archs beam To be certainly L.S. small Straphmena. Jno specimen About 3 ft of rock below the cliffy Pres'liking Clinton looks very much like Clinton with ophical. l. The same trouble is found at Smith Tunnel. Where and the cliffy limestone 2\frac{1}{4}-3\frac{1}{2}ft thick may be Clinton. Thursday Aug 10, '99. Back to Gallatin, to Nashville, Friday. Aug. 11. '99. Program, Tenn. 13 Section just E. of R.R. bridge, north of Program Station. (The slope of the Black Shale here is 265 feet below White Bluffs, and only 10 feet below Ringlet in Spring's.) Program = 533 White Bluff = 819 Sreg Mayerly Shales Ophiuric nodules get numerous 7\frac{3}{4}ft. fissile Black Shales 11 ft. Mine earthy (Mayerly like) shales 14 in. Phosphate rock with Lingulae E. 8 feet crinoidal limestone, D. 7\frac{3}{4}ft clay above Clayer limestone C. 22 ft. Clayer limestone & rock B. ? 20 ft Clay rock exposed up creek B Uniform thickness of well bedded limestone flags, A. A. These are exposed N. of R.R. cliff exposures, up Furbee + Greer Hollow No special amount of clent noticed here. B.C. This is a rock varying from clay to Madison-like rock to a Clayer limestone. 3 Feet below the Walden Shale the very flat horn crust was col- lected. About 13 feet below shale, a specimen of D. clmunitis verticosa, was found. Apparently also a specimen of Round, very flat!

Friday Aug 11 '99. D. This should be the Waldron Shale... The lower 1 3/4 ft, consist of shaly limestone with fossils. A- nery thin the large Pynch mella Stricklandi. Above this lie 6 ft. of Clay with num- erous specimens of the flat limons. This layer is an one fossiliferous east of Pegram 1/2 miles. See parts next page, E. This is a very fine building rock and should be equivalent to the Simisville limestone, stratigraphi- cally. Phosphate rock abound in Lingulae, Mr Finbee + Blee's Hollow the following section, found. Brown phosphatic rock 3 in, at base/ 6 in of fissile Black Shale / 9 inches of dark phos- phate rock with Lingulae. Plenty of Black Shale with earthy layers intercalated at various levels, A cherty bed about 1 foot thick occurs about 10 feet from base of Waverly. The Black Shale presently goes un- der cover a short distance W. of the bridge, it dips strongly S.W. as to get to the water's edge, a quarter of mile south of the bridge. Coming to the same place the lower limignus are quickly brought up in spring E, Saturday Aug 12, '99. [12] About 1/2 miles E of Pegram Sta. on N. side of RR is bridge of S arm Walker, A short distance West of same a road leads SW through the woods to Harpeth river. Another road runs along the north bank of this river, and following this road Eastward, the following section is found at the end of the cliffs, near the point where the road leaves both the cliffs and the river. Black Shale 14 miles phospatic rock 28 ft. limestone = Simsville L. C. 12 1/2 ft of clay + claysl, Waldron B Fossils 4th p.foll. 21 1/2 ft. Laurel limestone, A 51 feet down to river's edge not exposed. See next section. A. Pizginnus gemmiformis occurs below the Waldron shale bed. B. The lower part of the Waldron shale is more like a clayey limons + is very fossiliferous. The upper part is pure Clays, The very top is not exposed. Exposed at: C. The Simsville limestone is 20 ft thicker here than 2 1/2 miles west- ward at the bridge W of Pegram.

Sat. C continued. A quarter of a mile S. of the last section, on the south west side of the river is the house of Bell Robinson. Near the spring NE of the house the following section is exposed: 18½ ft. Limestone Pilocrinus gemmy myfinis are rare at base. 7½ feet clay + clay I. 22½ feet thin bedded limestone A shut abundant near river's edge A. In the shirty beds at the rivers edge, Favosites is found, rather common. 14½ feet above the road is Halysite forming a layer about 4 in thick and several yards in extent. 7½ feet about the river an Olear spf. about the size + form of divers Olearium Acutiformis found, glabella. this clay does not seem to extend to the bottom clay, clays only for about 3 feet and the part is a rotten claygy while it weathers dry. So as to connect the clay limestone to form cliffs of no value as a datum line this layer is there fore not to be used as Clinton. At least But it seems 12 C cut thinnest ones, follow the clay sides in the hollow N of the RR. near the bridge W of Pegram, C. These are the clayey limestone at the bridge W of Pegram. They can be same good limestone E of Pegram. Combining the two sections 1½ miles E of Pegram, we get: Black Shale Platolate layer. 28 ft. Louisville l. 12½ ft. Waldron shale 29½ ft. Samuel l. see Newsam section. 7½ ft clay + clay I. Olearis Halysites layer. Favosites We also find that the 2 sections supplement one another. The Squel limestone is either 72 ft + thick, with the base not yet found or the Samuel is about 42 feet thick with the beds under the clayey layer as Clinton. In last case the bottom beds have practically all appeared.

Saturday, On going up Forkes & Greer's Hollow, N. of the RR. and a short distance east of the bridge W. of Pegram the Plow- shale layer at the base of the Black shale seems to rest on the top of the clayey Sandst, and just in the Springsville. This accords with the great thickening of the Springsville E. showing marked uneven- formity, Saturday, 1½ mi. E. of Pegram. + Pterocrinus semisiformis +? Cyathocrinus several. Streptomena, size of patenta but no double curvature noticed. Septaena showbridalis. Sprifer, very small, crispa? Sprifer Niagaraensis, large. Strong plicatums, + longitudinal stripe. like Whitfieldella nitida but much smaller. Munistellus, large & rad. Aryka reticulans. Rhyndimella, Tennesseeensis; medium size, plenty. Pterinea brisa, Platystoma Niagaraens. Calymene Niagaraensis. Dalmanites pygidium large Hindmuths? projecting spine at end of pygidium scarce, Sunday, Aug 13. '99. Nashville.

Monday Aug 14 '99. Newsom Sta. S.W. of depot. 1 foot Chert (seen abvt W. of Pegram) 14 ft. Waverly shale + Laysby limestone A 19 ft. Black shale. Nodules rare at top {5 in. sandy fossiliferous rock, 4 in. green shale, 5 in. sandy fossiliferous rock} 3 ft. Crinl. very white. Dev? 32' Lurizville limest. 32 ft. 12ft. Waldron shale. 29½ ft. Good quarry rock (Cor- responds to section down to Pten Crinus layer at Bell Robinson) Thin layers bed + layers b. 35 ft. ferric limestone crumbly. Wt food for building at me. 1 over 12 feet with Cherty layers 18½ ft Venable's (Pron for (14½ ft. Leeward Lay + 4½ ft G of Clinton)) 18½ ft. Lower Silurian Crinl. ferous to top The, Lower Silurian section may extend further up. B C D E F G X Monday. A. Limestone near middle + top of section. B. Corresponds to the crinoidal rock found at base of Black shale W.J Lafayette Macon Co. Cornif- erous? No trace of Ostracata. Contains little pebbles. C. This rock has a very Devonian aspect. It has a very white color and is coarsegrained. It resem-bles fine grained undivided Niagaran. It contains Haptema- nerid shells, rather abundant, signing Devonian appearance. D. Near base is layer with small form of Pterocrinus, half the size of P. semisiformis. C. The Devonian loding rock seems to run into the underlying Niagara rock, without any great break. E. This at me is quarried at summer- cus quarries near Newsom. F. From this section it will be noticed that a considerable thickness of Cherty beds lie at the base of the Lurmel limestone. The best beds for quarries lie at the top after at Clermont, Ky. In the Bell Robinson section only the top 1 of three cherty beds are seen.

129 [illegible] I. Waldron fossils, Newson Sta. Dalmante vermicosa. Achas Bollandi, Gathrocrinus ? spec. Large flat granule crinoid. Originid like Pizorinnos gem, But canical & larger. Large flat crinoid, Lecanora ? Triplesia. Crinoid with rits near top edge, Phyganocrinus (Slyptaster) inmutus Hall Microstyliferinos granulatus Hall En. Russos Hall magus Wather. Elrdo Weller species ? Periechocrinus (saccocrinus) chrytyi, Hall Syricrinus melissa Hall 129 Monday, #. Waldron fossils, Newson Sta Continued. Atrycia longispina small. Serpentis meridistella Dinicarella brevis Flat bypzyum. Alveus aperture. Callipna elegantula Sichwaldia concentrica Small favosite encs. Artius elegans inla Artius hybrida Septuaria rhomboidales. Stroph murena, newest patenta. Stroph. evane Waldron form, size of patenta or smaller, Whistfieldia putrida. Meristina large Maria? Like Rh. mitida, but much narrower Atrypa reticulata, Pthygch. Tennesseeensis. " Stricklandi " acinrus typical " like Term, that broader. " neglecta " Plicatula n sinus Retzia evax. Eichwaldia reticulata. Spinifer feroxplicatum. Long.striae. " " stri nig " long.striæ. " " transversæ " Spinifer Viagar. chumcky. Fine lamella branch. Olivina briza. Platystma Viagarenna Orthoceris Amygens. warm for Calymene Viagarensi.

(18) Bakers Station on the L & N, Above the station. Black Shale. Mr splinter bed seen, 17½ ft. Annerville limestone, A[4]½ ft Waldron shale. 32 ft. Laurel limestone, Base not seen. Below the station. 24½ ft Laurel limestone with Pyrochirus common near base. Cinnoidal at base, {6 ft, massive Madison like clay rills

(6) Ballatin and & Laegro jike. Black shale at 195 not corrected. cont. {9 ft. upper part white and crinoidal, becoming magnesian below. At base is Pentamerus linata, with few mesial fold. 8 ft. magnesian limed. 3 ft. magnesian limestone with Pen. ternus linata? almandant. 3 1/2 ft. magnesian limest. at base is it algites calcitulaes. 8 ft. mag. limest. at base it weathers soft. 15 1/2 ft. magnesian limest. 9 ft. crinoidal limest. with Pentamernos elongus cummum especially near middle. Further south this same layer contains also Atyger reticularis, and Spinger Magnensis? with two plicationes, only a simple one fold along the mesial. 13 ft. A mixture of clayey and hard limestones, not unravelled. At one point southward this rock becomes a hard bright red massive silicious looking lime. stone, with casts of Pentamernos in upper part, which here cor- responds to base of Clay shale. ? ft. Waldron clay. Above Will Paridis house. 6 cut 35 ft. Laurel limestone. some beds fine grained and hard, others more clayey. at base a clay shale members back strongly. 42 ft. J Laurel. 6 ft. limest me. the lower part blue clay. 1 ft. crinoid, at tressle above. Frank Earls house. 15 ft. A good clay, at least. bluish above. Purplish below. 5 1/2 ft. curved. clay? 20 ft.? Chalky Oolitic? {5 3/4 ft. Clinton. white. cherty. Favovite favous crinoids. Rests on Cincinnati limestone. blue. No foot B ledzoe station.

240 miles Waldron to Newson 270 miles Waldron to Centerville. 315 miles Lewis Co line to Richmond, Ind, 75 miles Bledsoe to Bearnings. 40 miles Raywick to Stanford. 50 miles Raywick to Forkush creek, 35 miles Stamford to Forkush creek, 90 miles Lewis Co line to Bledsoe. 50 miles Newson to Tennessee River 30 miles Centerville to Tennessee River. 140 miles Centerville to Niagara. Send of Illinois Nova Scotia, mean than Tr Dev & S Hudson Europe / Mexico + Gaspe, Anticosti. 1. Orthoceras of Oregon? O. cancellatum 2. " annycus = O. undulatum = O. annulatum of New York Niagara, but the New York specimens are larger in 1.a. 1.a. lincura is 1 same size as wider O. annycus. 3. Shepherdina perfruda, Hall. Clinton has outlined and drawn. 4. Illaenus ornatus 5. Stephanoerinus gemmiformis 6 Strephshymelus tenue 7 Snyglodonta profunda 8 Chonites Nova- Scotica, 9 Bellerpilum tuber 10 Orthoceras simulato, 11 Illaenus ornatus 12 Gramia actifora! 13 Gramia siluriana! 14 Philidorpo ovalis 15 Stictofera similar, has raised margins to pres. Not at Newson. 16. Callapora singularis, Pores with slightly raised margins, separated by lined spaces across which run lines, some of which produce appearance of intermediate cells but there are in reality 4 red.

17. Callopna exsul, has smaller cells and more in the same distance than what I suffered might be this form. Mine is tidal alba. 18 Trematofina oclination. Cells long, augi- lar, with at anything between. 19 T. 22 cubrum jones in very oblique lines, 20 T. i infregues jones more ## 21 T. onmbubicala, jones more frequent 22 Chilostyfer variolata. 23 Trematdyena varia ~~ jones this form. 560 Purcell Ave. Bassett Road 500 Phillips Are. 700. Palischara sphaerium is an attracting form. cells nearly smaller than to mine but some of mine are about as small! I use this as identification = Nervem. Whitfield's trinidad like form in blades t Penn.

Rail road Saw Mill Black smith shop. Furnace Big Hill. Home with spring at road. Olive Williams Dip West. 3 Gulley. Old Saw Mill in 150 feet around hilltop. Dip apparently NW in this area. 2 of NW V. Crobelings about here. 1. Big Hill, on road from Mr. Pleasant to Maynesboro. 8 miles of RR. Measurements are symmetric. 65 ft. clay, with siliceous layers rather frequent at all levels. Evidently disintegrated part of upper Waverly, 105 feet. Waverly. Which shaly limestone with chert beds 1 foot thick towards bottom. One of these forms the very base. Base is 90 feet above level of hotel at Mr. Pleasant. 22 feet of lime S. limerian actually measured, as follows, 2 ft clay rock. 1 ft limest. with Ref. alternata, 18 ft. soft. sand will exposed. There came 15+ feet of limestone with by cl. Solix. Nebutella sirmata Ref. alternata. down to creek bottom at end of little stream. 21 Old Saw Mill / Hollar. 10 ft. Waverly limestone bed heavy. individual occurs 16 or 15 feet above the Black shale, very white. 3 ft. "baitard slate" - very fine grained sandy bed, which which elsewhere contains Lingulae. Here it showed traces of Clor-netes, &c. but no care full search for fossils was made. (Is this bed poss-ibly early Waverly, the black material being derived from the eroded Black shale?) Slate not dark enough to black. 16 in. regular dark phleplate. This is the coarsest, more sandy place at the base of the Black shale series 6 in. large granitic bed. Base of Black sh. This locality is found 2 mile up a long hollow or, on the east side of the last-er, about 45 to 50 feet above the bottom of the hollow. This hollow branches off from the Look Hollow at the point where a good spring occurs just below a house. 3/4 mile N. of Mr. Oliver Williams home, and 1/2 mile S. of the saw mill at the creek crossing in the spike to Maynesboro.

3) SE hollow very narrow, forming a gully, not a valley. entering the Coole hollow just- above a fence crossing the creek, 200 yds. alove the Oliver Williams house, E side of Coole Hollow. Wavely shaly limestone with intercalated chert beds. One of these beds is found at very base of Wavely: 1 ft. Wavely chert. 8 in. crinoidal greenish rock, with fish teeth of dark purplish brown color, similar to color of nodules at top of Black shale. Also locally Wavely including Black shale material. size = 11 in. light green clay rock with specks of material resembling the purple brain nodule material of the Black shale. 9+ contains the characteristic nodules of the greenish rock overlying the black shale along the Cumberland river in Rye tn cley = Wavely? 18 in. dark sandy rock, partly fine crugh. Oliver fossiliferous Lower Sil. Limestone, 4) 1/2 mi. above Oliver Williams, east side of hollow. 3-4 ft. tactard slate, becoming greenish at top. 2 ft. black shale, Rejected by Mr. Williams. 18-28 in. phosplate rock. 2 tiny, pebble layers partially beneath. Not seen. Reported by Mr. Williams. Sandy Fork Big Hill Coole Hollow Oliver Williams 3 2 4

Mt. Pleasant. On road leading through middle of three north westward half a mile, Waverly shale light blue, breaks up into small pieces. Kidney nodules, purple brown, dark, with fossils. Found 120 feet above level of hotel at Mt. Pleasant. Found 12 in. above level where brown conglomer- itic sandstone is rather common. The section therefore appears to be equivalent to section 3 in the Cook Hollow. The brown conglomeritic sandstone probably did not exceed 15 inches in thickness and may have been scarcely 1 foot thick. Lower Silurian limestone with plenty of fossils occurs 10 feet below the upper brown conglomerate fragments in the soil. Columbia 1000 Pleasant Grove 1065 Campbellsville, 1050. Lynville 1100 Dodene 1312. Dodens Station. 1312 At station the trip of the Lower Silurian occurs at 1353. The Black shale occurs about 9 feet above the Lower Silurian. The Black shale appears to have a thickness of 12-15 in close, and is inter- ted about 8-10 feet above last ex- posure of Lower Silurian. The sandy phlyptic rock was seen at no locality west of the station. It is probable that the unexposed part below the Black shale is clayey rock belonging to the Lower Silurian. Section probably same as Mt. Pleasant a preceding page. NE of Lynville about 1/2 mile along east side of RR track. A hill near top shows Lower Sil., limestone at 1265, Less than 10 ft. above are several in- cases of Black Shale. Above this are Waverly shale fragments with many fossils.

Kentucky. Cumberland River. Arthur M. Miller. Aug. 10. 1902. Letter. Dut Fishing Creek West of Somerset, Pulaski Co. Ky. On Somerset-Columbia road. 1100 1000 Flinty layers Shaly LS Waverly Shale Covered 800 Black Shale 42' 8" Hard (Mg?) LS 23' 10" Massive Edge LS 5' Thin bedded SS. 2' Bridge 700 [illegible] there is a strong dip to the eastward here or the dropping out of the layers above the Clinton and below the Black Shale in exposing the stream accounts for the lower elevation of its formations in the east side. I could not certainly identify the formations immediately following the shale on the west side, as could find no fossils. Found ripple marked and micaceousbed Flinty layers Cherty LS Flinty layers Thin bedded Dark colored Mainly shale micridal forwards base. Black Shale 45 feet Clinton 16 ft Thin bedded sandy -8ft (the latter very fine) Cumberland SS, as low est layers at foot of hill on west side, and thin bedded sandy layers not exactly like it this immediately below Clinton on the east side. The Black Shale rests immediately on micaceous Clinton on this side. Some peculiar crinoid bottoms are abundant, and the lithological characters are exactly like the rocks at the mouth of Cub Creek. I have leveled 16 ft. 1, three layers. I found this Fishing Creek section very interesting and would like very much to revisit the locality again sometime in company with you. It is 5 miles from Somerset. Section opposite oil well at Cloyd's Landing about 9 miles below Burlesville, Cumberland Co. Ky. well burned 10 days before the fire was put out and flow was gotten under control. Well starts in fossiliferous Hudson, about 145 feet below base of the Shale; and gets to oil at a depth of 440-450 feet below the surface - making the oil horizon for this section about 600 feet below the top of the Hudson, where the full Camp bellment of Hudson beds are present. I suspect a thin- ning out of the Hudson beds southward from here, as the section at the Middle Hudson (Barred SS) at Martinsburg within 2 miles of the Tenn. line, would seem to indicate. This 700 Black Shale Hudson Madison beds in coutact with Black Shale 600 Cumberland River 500

would establish the oil horizon of this Clyde Landing well as Trenton, and it is approximately the same as the Wayne County wells which begin in the St. Louis or Waverly. Martinsburg Ferry, Cumberland River. Waver Co. Ky. About 2 mi. from Tenn. line. Near apex of anticline. Massive ledges (Black) 22 ft. 0, G. frata 16 ft. 136 ft. (Silicenus Muditus of Currey). ss. Middle Hudson Cumberland River Most of the sections I made on the Cum- beland River were very general, as I was most concerned in getting distances from river bottoms below level of the Black shale in the hills in order to make some calcula- tions as to depths of oil horizon or horizons below this drilled key rock. I traced the Crocos Creek anticline some distance each way N & S of the river and found new ones farther down below Burkesville. Dormian rests on 50 ft above Heterospongia, lynx p.8 22 ft " ? Prassoida lyox p 9 10,11 on Wayerville p.13 25 ft above Heterospongia? p.14 a lower led, on Wayville. p 26 p 23 Richmond - 37

Zine in limestones, Dinner Philip Moore Jr. Digging Well Walter Sindley 4 miles down from Vanceburg to mouth of Quicks Run. About 2 miles up the run (m Ry. side) to farm of Philip Moore. Lewis County. Vol 1 - 4,00 2 4,00 3 - 5,00 = 2 rd. 4 - 2,50 5 Oct II - 2,50 Jos. McDonald,