Field Notebook: Quebec 1919

Quebec, Canada 1919. POCKET NOTES. doc. 116

Providence to Boston. Dolley too much wheat & co. Troy their orders. I write out of Bradlee, Dolley prints my Bradlee. C, Schuchert

doc. 116 Quebec, Canada, Sep. 9 - 1919 Tuesday. A cold, windy and breathless day. Started across the St. Lawrence and by firstly along the south side of the river from Print Ledi's restaurant to see the great cantilever bridge high across the river. It is about 8 miles north of Quebec at Cafe Rouge. The railway very shortly after leaving the bridge on the south side of the river enters a cut at right angles to the general strike of the Laugm. Sand- stone. The wide cut line is a long me through very deep reddish greenish sandstones down from a lake until near the south end where there is a line of about 8 feet thick of red shales. One sees almost no then reddish sandstone and almost no shale joints even a 1/2 inch thick. The beds range in thickness up to 75 feet though most of them appear to be from 10 to 20 feet each. On reaching by train of into somewhat thinner gneiss.

On Sunday Sep.7 I was at Montmorenci and here in the Lorraine there is now a brick making plant. The forms gang lines none seen. The shales are dark blue, and almost devoid of sandstone. In two places near my shales current ripples with the crest about 4 inches apart. Their trend was roughly N.-S in the opposite of the strike of the formations.

almost devoid of bedding The sandstones are dark greenish in color are coarse of grain and while most is a fine conglomerate, the parcel beds with the pebbles up to 1/2 inch, though some coming around 1/4 inch, are in more or less widely separated grains. These pebble beds lie usually in thin sheets though at Times (towards the bottom) the whole grain is more or sandstones less conglomeratic. The pebbles are of fairly well rounded white (dominant) and pink vein quartz with scattering ones of pink feldspars. In places slate pebbles are common in green sandy slate in pieces up to 4 or 5 inches across and up to 1 1/2 inches thick. There are also small pieces of black shale. This shows considerable streaming action and yet there is almost no cross bedding. Only in places at the top of a thin bed is there a grain about 6 ft's wide, thick that is decidedly cross bedded and then are we away to the P.E. Evidences of foresetting type. The dip of the sandstones is about 30 deg to 45 deg.

and away from the iron apparently to the S.E. strike about N.E.-S.W. magnetic. Towrds the top of the series in the cut there is a gray red shale, much finer sandy and decidedly micaceous (silvery). A prominent layer first and then about 8 feet of light red shales, then thick fine sandstone. All of this material is too regular of deposits to be other than a crevicing deposit. One sees not the slightest trace of life, not even of burrows nor of faciès. The sands are not altogether a clean sand but is somewhat clastic with green muds, or that they must have juelled down and some unmoved by the rains. Would they been moved and channelling I should have seen more bedding, more commingling. Going east from the railway we soon come to the Grandiere river and here along the west side there is a fine exposure of the above sands- stone followed by red shales and then more sandstone, but now in thinner beds. From the bridge

S thin reddish sandstone Rd slate mill some thick. approx 100' thick. Chaudwin Nitro plant land approx 100' thick. Red and green shale with fans of thick sand- Other reddish sandstones - long seams? See same in coal run out.

"the section appears as at one. As one rides eastward the heavy environmen- tic sandstone of the Launay drop out more and and then dominants there are also green shales, core are becomes the red Dillery shales, 10- orands the top of the Dillery way thin sandy bits sometimes only and the [illegible] of considerable thickness come in. Those are always that usually an inch a four thick though at times considerably thicker. All of this Dillery is much crushed and rolled over and churned up, so that the thin green shales get all smudged in among the red shales, and the sand- stones are all broken up and at times badly crushed into the shales. Almost from Grandview river eastward one slarly ascends in the Dillery because this for- mation strikes a little obliquely into the river, and the fur the river has cut quite a narrow Dillery. Cap Range is made of the Launay sandstone river they in after sandstone but maybe far higher stone. score in the railroad cuts. On the north side of the

"Against the Dilley is faulting the Loris formation, a series of greenish shales with an abundance of thin redded light blue and dark colored limestone. From the strut can it seemed as if the Dilley may fan unbroken into the Loris formation, but this view may be rather deceptive. The western end of the Loris appears to be rather the higher part of the formation since here the limestones dominate while to the east the conglomerates appear and more and more of shales. It is a thin redded green of li. of about 10 to 15 feet thick that I some years ago got the Humardina gome fauna. Below the Humardina gome, and beneath the conglomerate B in dark blue tiny shale is where Eldania, Tetrapodus and Ridgwayoptus occurs. Some distance above is a thin green with Phyllagraptus. Collected all the good material found see. It began to rain at 3 P.M. and so I re- turned to the Chateau Fontenais.

Quebec, Wednesday Sep. 10-1919

"Quebec, Wednesday Sep. 10-1919 Rains are night and all the morning. In the afternoon it quit and I returned to Lewis. On the first N-S street [the main street] of the city a thin limestone conglomerate layer 30 feet thick. About 7/10 of the mass is made of subrounded mostly-white limestone inside a light blue or dirty clined, the interstices filled with either grey quartz or sandy limestone or milk-a-sand. The limestone are granularly fine embedded like that of the Lorraine. Other layers filled with a sandy yellow or other distinct are shot through with holes reminding of birdseye li, and some are granular. Rarely is there a thick milk finish; more loose tumbledite head suggesting Upper Cambria, and in another a gneiss-like a cyrtocrinus like cyclopora. One also sees pieces of a sandy shale or many blocks or conglomerate up to 18" long of the Lorraine sandstones. No pre-Cambrian crystalline are present, but some layers, the thick ones; are the pieces are small, under four inches, and in other layers the blocks are from 6 to 54 inches long by 1 to 8 or 10 inches thick. Some of this material was transported far and may all be the country of sea cliffs. At the bottom and top are

Dec. 10-1919

(Sep. 10 - 1919) (stations) the Rocky layers and in the center is a thick gray of small (pellets) pellets, and almost no Laugan sandstone. Beneath are (pellets) black shales and above sandy green shales. There is no transition for me to the other. Because of the general flatness of the li. Rocks they are arranged in the couple stratified. At the top is a fine sort gray of fine conglomerate (very granular man over many of the larger grains which yield easily) and there is only the slightest transition due to the green shales above. Why this sudden dropping away of li. pellets? Later I see that in the black shale below there are occasional dark lenses of limestone conglomerate. One is 8'x30" another 24'x6'to8'feet. That far below is a 3 feet bed of (Thi may be Raymonds conglomerate, A.) fine conglomerate that is probably not a local lens as the others. (on east drain struck at same mile) When I collected gastrolites yesterday the lower conglomerate above mentioned is at the top of the cliff and is here also 4'to.5 feet thick but more rocky than on the road side. The upper thin zone cannot be seen in this cliff. It may be 170-feet down to the greenish shale which exposes the li. layers holding the gastrolites. (Chmama's key of Raymond) and Elkania. There is fully 150 feet more of black and green shales to the road side at the edge of the Lince. As the

Sep. 10-1919 continue to strata here descend to the north there may be seen in this exposure fully 200 fut more I guess it is also with an recession their sandstone. there is therefore shown in this most eastern str- fem the effort cmpl. frame or Chain Stret not less than 325 fut of Lows. The two lower empls. and the interbedded green Lakes add at least 300 fut more. Lower empl 100+ Holes 200 + C cmpl. 68 368

Sep. 10-1919 Introduction On the turn of the railway, a short distance east of Main street the thick conglomerate is overlain = C by coarse sandstone, at least 20 feet thick. Is this then the same cong. seen on the hillsides street? (No) Apparently it is a finer one, [illegible], and it looks different. Does not look like the same as it has more sand and may lay green sandy shale pieces of the Laugon. Further east along the railway and thence almost to the ship yards at St. Roch de Louis there is the very thick sandy limestone conglomerate C of Raymond's plain. (The next day I made this out to be a difference) [Like those seen above my fourth root] it is overlain by a coarse sandstone also 20-25 feet thick, with fairly large number of small pieces of hom- stone. Below the sandstone conglomerate and limestone-sand cong. passes into sand then reddish limestones are there. From the reddish dense limestone with black shale partings. Below is a zone of several hundred feet thick of sandy green shales with thin gray of black shale. Strike is 85 yards across, with the strata dipping S., about 60 deg. Then comes in films a very thick coarse grained iron quartz cong., limestone cong. The thickness may be 100 feet.

Sep. 11 1919 Rain'd again all night and up to noon today three yellow and black shale conf. 15' conf. 12' conf. 15' Three offsets. Bayer fault. Breton Fault The meeting of the conglomerate A on Main street, Lewis. largest quantity of large boulders dropped in front, Finney conf. at top. and most eastern in the large quarry above main other free of hill. *This is the grave for the very Conf. with the Learn pipe. Care line 150' About 132 feet. conf. A Raymond 40 feet, 40 to feet 9 by 30 feet. block C-10 The Tunnel is 45 Block at this place helps out Conf. B the ft = (conf. 10 conf.) These conf. hills are very hard (a mine)

Sept. 10 - 1919. (neither a silt nor the other a gum) these cowl hills and the face of the Lawrence and make the shore. Again, the pink, the marl face has horizontal fistula lines, but are clear faults, either way or name - normal. frequent faults are great amount. There are 2 f. In both of these from confirms the material was lay down by strong currents as the bedding is very irregular. The limestone grains are usually smaller under 8 inches, though larger plates occur. They are irregular channels and not of flats like large, though the smaller grains are flat. Evidence occurs nearly the base of the Lower formation. The greater mass of confirms, the increase downward of sand and sandstone and the general absence of limestone debris are indicate the lower part of the Lower. The then bedded limestone including the Skumandian zone are in the upper Loris. The famous graphite layers in the first cut in (the railway appear to be just above the second cowl) Country from the base up. It shows on the north side of the cut. These they're come in at least 300 feet before the face. The next graphite bed is fully 300 feet higher. The Skumandian zone is still deeper but forms the base of the upper Li. series.

Sept. 10 - 1917

Sept. 10 - 1919 When these conglomerates formed, they must have been cliffs in the sea (?) fault faces exposing at least here Upper Cambrian and Laugan. I am not certain that the pebbles here at Leri have Lower Cambrian fossils if or then also those lls were exposed. In general it means that Lower Cambrian lls where followed by Upper Cambrian lls, and over the latter came the Laugan sand stone. Of silters and shales I saw no pieces in the conglomerates today. As I do not think the succession as made out today drills for run it again tomorrow. The limestone pebbles are too generally distributed throughout the Leri, or these if they are as of cliff origin, in places the floods are large and such may be at the base of cliffs within the magnific spaces the pebbles must have had another source.

Sep. 11 - 1919 Continued from 2/pa. road. At the turn of the railway on the first one sided cut (cliff mouth) the conglomerate C strata continued and to the south of it in a terrace formed very badly as I described yesterday. The one mile some li. conglomerate in it. To the north of it are the way to the iron the sequence is confirmable and then in fairness 200 feet more of fine sandy shale, but the stiff loose clay seen in it can yesterday down and down here. This sandstone appears to be at least 20 foot thick. Fine shale above its bottom has a or much washing here that it is maybe thinner. The conglomerate may be 15 feet or thick, but then again we cannot be certain. (The next # describes beds that come in higher and) our forms as primarily thrust. Then at the turn sided railway cut there is another (a long --) some with li. cong. (the whole quarry filling) li. conglomerate but unlike any of those seen before, at least 15 foot thick and maybe more, say not more than 20'. About 20 foot above the cong. comes in the fine Tetrasporites -Crenatopitys gone and considerably lighter (green 2'-30') in the Phyllograptus gone. This is where Honey put my material and the famous Leios profittensis beds. It is about 100 yards down to low water in the river area some hard green shales. Mr Cong. seen, other

Sept 11-1919 Then after 700 pm before we sees another up come to the car. In the area in the path to the top of the cliff shown Rapm is diagone, Then came in life cliffs with our turned onfe, making hip cliffs. This is a orange paired grey sandstone onitl beautifully and locally on in the main dark streaks a mass of less attendance of smaller limestone pettles. This Hot (ultimately) or in many i state. Man clay here is 1/2 seck by faulting at least once, this onfe is in the most basement one. This followed shortly that redded impure limestone with almost dark redded no shale faulting, and the more sandstone like the Lelas. This upper zone is about 8 feet thick, the then redded one about li. 40 feet, while the lower sandstone is probably 20 feet thick. All the bearing beds are more or less conglomeratic. All of these pettles appear to be small enough to be wave crushed, one is not cliff dropped material. Tops they get about 68 feet. There are also some longer horizons in one, up to 15 inches long. I around the river then follows the thick shale zone, and finally at its north edge the thicker sandstone-conglomerate zone described yesterday. Then walked more all the way to Point Leoi Station where the Lillery appears. These first beds of the Lillery are crushed green and red shales but move to the north all is red shales. At first it looks as if

"Quebec Bridge, Sept. 13 - 1919. A high sunny day, the first one at Quebec. In the railway cut between the Chaudiere river [across in Laugzon] and the railway bridge, it is 270 yards sandstone. The southern 90 yards have some shale, but not much. [interbedded] The dip is high, about / 45 to 58 degs. The thickest beds are all the most, one is 75 yards deep at least. across the map road It's 300 yards from the edge of the cut to the south end of the bridge and from the surrounding cliff [and other rock in the transitions] simply all the distance is made up by sandstone. This makes 5-70 yards of sandstone. From the sandstone [across] in the Chaudiere river [from the map bridge] I think that this stepping of the distance is more too great. There are probably some shale gaps in the northern 200 yards, as in the southern 90 yards. This gives a thickness of about far for these sandstones alone of the Laugzon formation.

Sunday Sep. 14 - 1919, Quebec. Heavy but broken clouds with the wind in the faster direction for rain. I wonder if it will? No, it was a fine day. Started out to study the limestone conglomerate. First of find the one on Main street at the point where the three off sets come. Beneath the coal, here about 10 feet thick, occur a fossil filled shale about 3 feet thick. Into it has been dropped sandstone and limestone boulders 12 to 18 inches and the boulders always show depression around it as if dropped into the still soft muds. This cannot be due to the defor- mation as the shales do not show flowing in a given direction. The boulders are of all sizes up to 4 feet across and some flat ones are 5 feet long and for 14 to 18 inches thick. The great majority (99%) of the boulders are massive clumps of light blue to dark colored limestone, and about 3/4 of the masses are of flat lime- stone up to 2 inches thick and 18 to even 24 inches long. They lie at all angles, though there is a general flat arrangement and the whole is cemented by a very fine sandy paste. The smaller pieces are more rounded and for the larger there rocks,

The Generalized Lewis Formation at Lewis, Quebec, Canada. As seen on East Main street where the road goes up the hill, and along the International Railway east to the Ship Funds. It is apparently the least dis- turbed area about Lewis. The section appears to be descending. The lithology appa- r[illegible] changing rapidly from place to place. Evidently the material for very shallow sea. Top of Lewis series unknown. Overlying formation said to be the Quebec City formation of Trentonian age. There appears to be no Chazy equivalent here, though pettles in the Quebec City formation indicate that the dipper Chazy or rather the Normanshill equiva- lent (Cenpyx fural) was in this general region. There is apparently a thickness of hundreds of feet above the the shota. Here listed whose position cannot be made out for want of continuity in the section. Identified li., partly Regmul The same as Cyl. B. the walked it out. Sections as seen front are 10'4 (Continued second page over) Cyl. B on first N.-S. stru into Main st. 30'

Of sandstone I see but one block and of actual shale and lignites none. All of the limestones may have been derived from a single limestone formation, from the other points. Towards the top the layer blocks disappear and at the top the 2 to 3 feet thick of cross bedded limestone is made of 9 ounce puffs, showing stratification and over an trilobation. Beneath block shale gone there is a good long light green (purty yellow) laminated hard shales about 5 feet thick. At the base of it then in an 8 inch zone of limestone conglomerate in which the puffs are all flat, many more 1 inch thick and 6 inches by. The li. are again of marine sorts, and here there is also considerable block shale. All are marine forms as the white was laid down in waters with motion. Otherwise I see no conglomerate nearby. This lower limestone vanishes out in a distance of 20 feet up its cliff. On the north south strike at the east end of Main street the lower conglomerate is about 3 feet thick. It is an odd bed of a fine grasty coarse sand in which are mingled small li. puffs, and larger puffs. Flat Rock (hard) shales are black shale. The Hard Flat puffs are

Generalized section continued. Black shale with thin li. | Black shale with local lenses Lagys 10' | ? Li. empl. 30' Li. empl. A 2'-6' | Li. empl. A, 3' Black shales 8tr 10' Green, dark ol. tending to be in thick and somewhat lining (illegible weathering) beds 30' Black and green sh. 18' Green and black sh. with hard grey-green lining (illegible weathering) greens 90' Grey to light-blue thin bedded li. with green and black shales. Apparently the Hemandia grey Reynold (If it is not the same than the Hemandia beds comes in left above all of this section) has Ellmanin and grapholite. 15' Green, hard sh. tending to be lining (yellow weathering) 10' Dark greenish sh. with some thin yellow weathering Laden greens 70' Green fine grained sh. 58' End of old quarry on main street (continued second page over) 361'

near ?in thick and 2 wide long, and are more or less round, The quartz pebbles range up to 3 or 4 inches but more often are under 1/2 inch. An out cliff showing a limestone conglomerate. The sand and quartz pebbles may have been derived from the Laugon conglomerate and conglomerates. The grue shows some current action in the flat arrangement of the grains and in the bedding planes. The thick conglomerate or ators like this Resting upon the Knock Shales is a grue about 10 feet thick in which the boulders are emplaced because of the darker muddy-sandy parts. The pieces are 9/10 lie. of minor lines, the rest being a chlorite green sandstone, and some are quartz grits (one piece may be pre-Cambrian). As a rule the blocks are flat, usually 3 to 8 inches thick with single ones up to 14 inches more, and in depth usually under 18 inches. As a rule they lie flat or at slight angles but once occasionally one of the blocks itself is a limestone conglomerate. In a while one may be set horizontal. The grue does not show any dropping into and destruction of the Knock Shales beneath it; Then follows a middle thick creamy white limestone worked about 12 feet thick except all uniform stone can occur at rare intervals for

Generalized section continued. 361' Green and yellow weathering sl. with an occas- sional sandstone (These occur from Maine st. downto Intermtnal Railway tracks). 100' green sandy shales down to firm where occurs with sandstone in engl, thme called C by Raymond 200' It seems like in this zone that occurs the fine graphitic locality in the cut on the Internat RR. Here is green shales, thickness may be 130' Black coniferous sandy sl. with thin ss. 30' Near the top occur the large Phyllograpus, green shales felm and Haea rusty weathering [grits] shales above with an abundance of Tetroptus quadrihediatus and Dickso- graphius 20' yellow weathering li engl. over large rocks 20' This engl. looks not like B and it may ac- tually be it. If so then these beds must go dn further higher in the section. Their present position is due to faulting. In other words occured the doing of the Rhemardia line (section continued second page over) 711

"The dark greenish and litter composed Laugan coarse sandstone. The fate due is of lime and derived from the tituration of the limestone boulders. The blocks are about half under 6 inch long and less than 1 inch thick, the remainder are hoody broken pieces of them; they are range up as a rule not more than foot long, and with 8 sides to them. Most lie flat but the arrangement is irregularly zigzaged. Then an upper zone very much like the lower one with a darker muddy-sandy paste. The thickness is about 8 feet. As before one of the limestone have Hazalents been considerable sandstone here in blocks up to 2 feet long. One light greenish sandy finely shale is 12 inches thick and 30 inches long. At the top is a 3 foot bed of very fine limestone conglomerate in which the particles vary often one inch. At the scattering grain of coarse quartz sand and quartz pebbles up to 3/8 inch across. Above come hard blue and green shales with thin lamina of dark green till black shales that we can see for 100 feet in thickness. The streak of the beds then does not show the effects.

Generalized section continued 711' them in the Haarl shales. Even so the sequence here given may not be altered by the transposition. Grey sandstone, more or less conglomeratic with li. pebbles, large sandy green s. or even quartz cong. like those of the Iron Dilly. From the shipyards it is composed as follows: 68' Top layer reddish coarse grey s. 8' Thin red-dyed light blue to grey li. with almost no Haarl shale joints 40' Lower grey s. with li. emply. 20' in place of the lower half is all Hrocky li. and a sandy-li. matrix. (This is Organs Conglomerate Coast Ridge) Green sandy shales down to river ? 200' Its 80 yards across with the dip 60° Coarser li. cong. of all sorts, a coarse Tofine parcel quartz paste. Occurs at the Ship Yards. Appears as one undyed mass (This is Organs Conglomerate D) Friedman atrub St Lawrence River Base of Lewis unseen. 100' 1079' (continued second face over)

I saw future embryonic price of frondiferous limation. Has a omele calhedral, slightly a straight form, elliptical in setimi and gyrophorous like. The septa are not my close top the as in Ogdensia forms. The associates gastrophors are of two kind, one is turned on 3 turn, the other maculosa like. These forms are either Ogden's times or of Beeldman Town, I see no crystalline, unless the four flores seen and describe as a clinitic quartzite. The man is tended like a solist, the mac material in quartz with more less free angular crystals in bands. I cannot make out if the pre- material is sand or actual crystals, though they look more like the latter. At the ship yards the most northern conglomerates are different from any of the others. On uniform a very thin bedded (don't no bedding planes) grey coarse sandstone that is fine quartz and erratic. Thorophores are scattered and being embedded limetone pebbles for whiteish color, and there an unseen small thyme fries many seem up to a foot across.

Other sections The undoubted Hemardia li. are in thickorn 15' Black Lales 10 Green and yellow hard lining-sandy cl. with Haed shale goes. Considerate thichorn, At the brooden stairs. Orotumed anticline. Hemardia lagus at levely struk 15' Green and black cl. with thin gneis of li 20' Then the whole cliff y green hardenrd cl. y varins Slopes and come in len streaked witth Haed fous on-half incl thich. Very range is then a flock of gne. Cliff jutary over 100 fut high. The strata dip S. about 50°. There an 110 steps sad little high from lead pencil = 8 inches. This round were 73 fut. A little further E on Main st. but W of the three great faulst in cnyl. is this section. Hemardia thin li. near tipy cliff 15' Dark shales 10tr 15' Green shales 30' (Continued second page over) 60'

"[illegible] are quite aplana and irregularly scattered through the sandstone. Many stand transverse to the bedding of the sandstone. The dip is like the higher C conglomerate to the S, at an angle of about 45°. This probably are of 100 feet thick in ship sands. Many of the li. boulders are themselves a fine conglomerate under 1 inch. In these the pebbles are all small and not at all rounded, a lapmotized material, rather a breccia. The higher C conglomerate I have already described as to succession and nature of the strata at the ship sands. Even though these sandstones clearly show much bedding in the bedded clay sandstone with the black shale (to be found there) they are conglomeratic with li. pebbles as soon as the beds are coarse sands as in these beds. Certain groups have a fair abundance of li. cogs, but the pieces are here worn up into fine grains. There is no distinct aren'ty on bedding of them. But a scattering mass of li. pebbles usually small that traces of 2ft big maybe seen. I looked and

Other sections continued. 60 Engl. li. with large tomatoes 6' 8" Black d. 4' Green d., as at steps, Probably 50' down to other 50' 12 2' At the three effect founting place. Hemardin beds at top 15' Blad holes 4' Green d. 20' Black d. 4' Green d. 7' Green d., as at steps, Probably 40' seen to other 40' 9 0'

looked for channeling, rippling swelling, and intraformational conglomerates but saw nothing of the kind. Nor in the flood shale partings is there the slightest trace of organic markings - trails etc. Despite face this evidence the nature of the material indicates there must have been currents to move the sediment. The climate must have been a humid one, but if a sea deposit why not some trace of organisms. Can these deposits be tidal flood plain deposits? If or why are no cross bedding and channeling? If they are off the sub-aerial side of a delta the fresh water may be the cause why no trace of life is present. But what brought the limestone pebbles. Clay? can't find sea cliffs nor fine streams. Can ice have been at work, can ice bringing together the material that the melting waters distributed over and over flood plains? The regularity of the material here about the Shop Farm seems to militate against this view, but farther west the C Conglomerate has considerable green sandy laminated shales in blocks of to nearly 3 feet long and 8 inches thick. Here too the li. blocks are large and much more numerous in

There is very little evidence, as far as I see, for the ice interpretation. I think the deep-sea and explanation suits best. Previous to the Levies the country was either faulted or folded (rather the former) and rock slides produced. In general the material got to the sea in small pieces and the constantly rising sea on the land finally consumed most of these rock slides. In the places of their origin they made the local conglomerates, and only in the two most southern zones is the material still preserved as the rock slide material.

"clustern masses, All were left the idea that sediments in Leon time then was land ice-fried more ice-bringing together the limestone masses and the one was Lauren sandstone, with very rare a few Cambrian quartzite or even an igneous rock are definitely the [illegible] into this sea. The oceans chiefly in a very shallow sea, the oceanic crusts bringing in the precipitates and killing these in the freshened crusts. Of course in the Humaidia time -- much later in Leon time did regular oceanic oceans make their appearance. Lauren ones in the two most southern camps of Li cayl. In the most southerly one there is a limestone [instead of Upper Cambrian age] that is at least 80 feet long by 40 feet thick. Associated are many smaller masses up to 6 to 8 feet long, both these is much green shale and even a sandy light green Precambrian dark shale. The whole must be a rock slide so there is an average mix of pieces as in the other camp. It all has between sandy shales. [Green and blue] Let me piece with a trilobite head or tail that looks like Upper Cambrian. Later get a few more fossils, are Upper C or Ordovician

"Farther east along the over southern ridge one sees another in pea green shale quarry and here about one-half of the material marked in above the limiters. My often the shales and the li, have about the same general dip as the shales on both sides of the li, employments [illegible] and in a case of li and shales in the form marked into one another during the deformation. It's the separate sheets of a rock slide that's marked together during the time of deformation. The li rocks have been marked into the shales or that the latter may crop around the li. From the top really bottom of the li ridge is larger than 200 feet. That's all theory of this rock slide across the li fault of the ridge it may be 100 feet a or better. I did not go across it to see, The over northern area also appears to have rock of Upper Cambrian li. It is at least 75 feet long and 40 feet thick. I am in it second large gap and once they that look like Caulerops. Shales dip to the S.W. at 50 to 60 degrees. There's another ridge & line on it to the west which is somewhat longer with a somewhat irregular strike these angle ridges"

Opposite the station St Joseph are exposed in a railway cut some limestone conglomerates. This is two miles east of Lewis. A very short distance east are the red shales of the Liley.

extend east towards the ship's yards. Their length does not appear to be more than 1/2 mile at rest. All the fossils seen are of either upper Cambrian or Ordovician age, and I rather think the latter. Of cephalopods I saw at least three. They are circular in section with the left side considerably encroached, but none showed the siphuncle which leads to the line that it may be small. One of the cells was 1/8 inch in diameter with an excelling of the surface. As no cells are known in the Cambrian it would seem that there was here a good development of Ordovician. These milky white li, are exceedingly scant in fossils. Among rocks about 4 feet deep that had considerable fossils. It is possible that a sledge hammer and a chisel well would yield some good fossils. Some of these limestone had undergone diagenetic change in the formation of bipyridal stalactite. This or creamy becomes silicified and supports laminated algal growth. But they are anagenic.

(Monday) Sep. 15, 1917

Monday Sep. 15 - 1919 A bright cool morning and jam off for Bic, 170 miles to the east of Lewis. Fare 5.95 = 3½d per mile. At St. Charles Junction we are on the St. Lawrence plain. To the north we can see the Laurentides are uplifted and to the south the scarp of the great fault that breaks the St. Lawrence river. It is probably 2 to 3 miles to the river and 4 to 5 miles to the fault scarp. The grand St. Lawrence scarp stands out splendidly this morning, and from the railway it does not look as if the floor of an elevated rolling plain that it said to be by young. (There about 100' altitude) The Micmac plain is almost as flat as the prairies of Indiana and Illinois. The red lilly is reported a mile or two east of St. Valier, 23 miles south Quebec. The view of the Laurentides is given here and to the east for miles. There is no flat four land in part of the Laurentides opposite Cap St Ignace. The north fault line has gone into the river. As we approach St. Anne, the Ocanacowan on both sides of the railway ridges stick out higher and higher through the Micmac

They low mees down here are all along to the northward. plain, I think there are nothing more than the basal sand- stone and quartz conglomerate that lies about the Quebec Bridge. The beds of these ridges stand very outcared and in most cases the plain but almost horizontally into them. I have now a long time since I have seen Lillingwell Shales, and the idea I get is that one are beneath them, which I have been calling are so far west? [illegible] Laurier, It would seem that the red shales become less as Further east all of the Camasquilla ridges are gone. At St. Philippe de Nery, there are again many of them. They continue all the way to St. Pascal; south from St. Helene. They then are gone. We have had to the north of the railway a constant strip of sandstone from almost Totin to Bic in a distance of 31 miles. At St. Fabien the Shales show slaty cleavage. Stopping at hotel La Canada, rate #2.00 per day. There is another hotel Laval here but we the drummers see tips to Canada.

The dip of the sandstone at the direction of the road, then heve to the N.E. All of the foredams - the first ones are oriented as the long D.D. and empl. masses, 373 Not. H2 Lawrence River our level This mass at the crag is 220 yards across. Many more ridges to the south. The entire mass is of limestone conglomerate (5%) mixed with sandstone and quartz pebble conglomerate.

Of igneous rocks I see more other than any dense fine rock that occurs but 3 times in hundreds up to one foot across. I last saw one little piece rounded about 2 by 4 inches of a decidedly silicified quartzite. These may be of Pre-Cambrian age. Later on saw more quartzites and it appears that they are quite of Cambrian age. Half are the material is of Devon Cambria age making most of the Boulder, quartz emulating the basal formation, followed by the sandstone. If these ores whole present it is not present in the conglomerate. Besides the quartz there one mass of hard sandstone a quartzite that fits into a cave. One face is 27 yards long and the other 14 at the thickness that we can see is not less than 30 feet haven't a square piece of it. [This is the Laramie Mountain Quartzite] R. Cliff at back. All conglomerate into river All of this face is a fault face as it is situated, Cave The Large Onus 80 x 40 x 30 ft. 55. 220 yards across Trace of previous day.

Some places show the sandstone moved while soft, are that consequently flow by in - pushing limestone emplo- [illegible] These conglomerates are probably all or in the main of cliff origin. To the sea was being delivered such quantities of sharp sand and gritty pebbles as these made good grinding material to undermine the cliffs. The sandstone and limestones as they fell into the sea were more or less rounded and angularful in the pure sand stones of Lillery times. I saw no sandstone boulders larger than 4ft square across, and the limestone boulders very rarely are more than 3 feet thick. Probably the vast majority of boulders are under one foot in diameter and cut are fairly well rounded, gives the idea that the pieces are out of their bedded formations as the boulders are not flat ones.

"The only way this conglomerate could have formed (Leave on paper of the idea) is a rock slide and jolted into the sea. As none of the large pieces show deformation or folding it may mean that critical elevation took place at the close of the upper Cambrian and from these fault scarps the material broke away and slid in long rock slides into the sea. All of these great conglomerates here make cliff ridges and appear to be at the base of the sillery in dark dolites though I did see nearby some red dolites. The smaller pieces ground rounded but many of them are too well rounded to be of other origin than to grave works. Then for there are no empty spaces as all the interstices are filled up with sand or quartz conglomerate. The phenomena here are similar to those of the Car Head conglomerate only that here the pebbles are smaller, but the ridges of deep cliff are more extensive than in Newfoundland. (Leave on paper of this comparison.) It is just a regulation conglomerate and the bottoms of either the sandstone, quartz conglomerate or limestone may be of cliff origin, rolled round in the sea.

Tuesday Sep. 16-1919 A very old night and fog most of the time. The morning is fine with a strong wind from the south and by noon it threatens rain. South directly south of Bic across the strike of the strata. One first passes over clays and some purplish slates and at the main road one Bic north then are hard gray to white thick bedded quartzites. Then one passes in the next ¼ mile country of Bice over more of the same kind of material and finally at the fault all are of the Silurian formations. Any of these quartzites may have some limestone conglomerate as the material appears to be always sandy. Saw one third about four feet across made up of clean quartz pebbles on top of which were 1 inch across and one broken chunks. State if these came directly from the Lower Cambrian quartz conglomerate. Then comes in to the south a very thick series of light green and dark green or blue grit or fine sandy shales with thin interbedded laminated orange grained sandstone the cementing material of which is lime. The sandstones become more laminated at and beyond the Creamery. Some of these sandstones are richer in lime than others and they weather into

- After rusty layers, none of these sand stones are more than 18" thick and most of them are from an inch to 3 inches thick. In my other piece I got a foot prod, a small fireplace and two specimens of a robust mollusks. These fruits appear to me to be of the Lomaine. Being this I spent an almost two hours looking for other material but found no more. Someone ran and ran again the long sandstone once as often as the one that had fruits but in none did I see any fruits. Yet all look to me like other Lomaine sometimes than created in New York or elsewhere. The fruiting juice was loose along the road side, and yet I believe that it was not far out of place being ten times the width of the farm lands. These Lomaine strata continue visible for about 1000 feet south of the Creamery and others at that far southern as someone say down here that got the fruits. Then there is a wide shallow valley (for a half mile) filled now by dry air to a village. I did not go across this valley, but only 1/2 miles south of Bisc. These Lomaine strata adjoin the Dillies at Gross Fault.

"The finding of these [illegible] porite was a great surprise to me as James looking for [illegible] porite. All of the [illegible] slates and the associated quartzite [army DIE] and conglomerates are restricted to within a mile or 1 1/2 d quartzite miles of the St. Lawrence river. The left, rugged cliffs are to the W. of Die'specially conspicuous, standing in [illegible] angular (assuming [illegible] north) parallel to one another. The slate of the [illegible] are once affected by slight cleavage than are the shales of the Londaire. In the afternoon went over about 3 miles to see the quartzite range. In the railroad cut about 2 miles west of Bio the material is heavy bedded fine grained quartzite with thin faulting down to [illegible] [illegible] gors. The dip is dipping off to the N.E. about 45 degrees. After hundred yards over is another cut of the same nature there some of the [illegible] has li. empl. but are the pebbles are once again "precious" things some one of to 4 and even 6 inches. In the next cut about 1/2 mile over the railroad is swinging some to the north and here the quartzite are almost in the bottom of the gorge. The dip in very large probably to depend to the south. When I left the railroad and turned north to the other quartzite ridge, on the north side of the [illegible] pile, the little ledge - the first one of the five to the north of the railway - the dip is

"at least 45 degrees to the N.E. making the northern limit of a syncline. just note if the bridge over the first estuary. The second ridge is apparently all lias clay, and dips to the N.E. at probably 35 or more degrees. It soon rises to a steeper dip. North of it are the regular red shales of the lillies series I judge it is 300 feet across with the dip 50 to 60 degrees. Of hundred feet thick, then being bedded greenish quartzite and red sandstone gones. These red gores have layers replete with field spar in pieces up to 1/4 inch, making up nearly 20% of the material there is also considerable of siliceous mica. The dip is distinct to the north east at about 45 degrees. Then another shale gone clean comes to the north (it is a facsimile the same one see before) One cannot say that they appear to lie at the crest of a low anticline. To the north is the fourth great ridge which apparently the previous shale gone in it. Then another after ridge are estuary and the another high ridge going to the south - the fifth one. There is still another ridge to the N.E., All seem to be a gap. The tip of the previous anticline sometimes very gently pleases, almost critically on the north side and on the other side the estuary (about 450 feet across) rises just as quickly into an anticline, making the fourth ridge. It appears to be two sides"

"[illegible] the ridge across as far across the next stratum to the first and higher ridge about goo fath [fathoms?] Just what is in this ridge I do not know, but as it is a line with the central of the Bay may it is in one probably the same explorator, see if from this the structure the indubitable thick men can be marked out. If next day I notice that there are no getting to the W. and a my half mile to the N. of it. All of these things are not to see. It rained most of the afternoon and I finally had to quit though I could not have gone much farther in account of the tide coming in. After seeing these various quartzites this afternoon, and noticing that the limestone conglomerate are always connected with them, I am ready to give up the idea of the great quartzite hills in the cross conglomerate. They are more in fact if it the infilling material between the limestone truckles and boulders. These quartzites are as a rule fine grained but very near and then quartz boulder streams in and sometimes in such quantity as to sign up to 1/2 ind and vary up to 1 inch. In one case -- in the red gneis -- half of the material is granular red feldspar, showing that the sources of these quartzites was being derived from a

granite country, has it Laurentia? And from it was being stripped the Lower and Upper Cambrian limestone in early Ordovician time. [illegible] The limestone conglomerate beds are in greater quantity in the outer or warp ridge. In all the other seen today the pebble are smaller and in general they are reduced in greater quantity to pebble under 1 inch. The outer a warp ridge does not appear to repeat itself many of the other ridges, and its dip is to the N.E. at about 30 degrees, as the graph. Later I saw that on the S.W. side the conglomerate dip almost vertically to the S.W. Frank Island in therefore an anticline.

Wednesday Sep. 17- 1919. A fine clear and warm beautiful day. Started in rain to make the sketch of the following paper and to enter one of the sea-crashed conglomerates. As said before one half of the conglomerate is sandstone bottles, most of which are not unlike the quartzite of the Liley; these bottles are of green sandstone or even quartzites, wholly sandstone and sometimes of almost white are hard quartzites. Other quartz-bottle conglomerates are at all different from those of the Liley. The other half of the bottles are of more cloud structures, limestone. Extremely rare is there one with joints. The whole is cemented with the Liley sandstones or quartz, and are the layers interposed are filled in with reddish Liley sometimes or quartz-bottle conglomerate. For all the whole has been folded, faulted and jointed and fearfully torn of any by torsion; so that one is now bounded with calcite veins. The faulting sometimes accounts for the sharp ending of the Liley sandstone against the limestone and for giving the appearance of flood masses. It was thus that I wished one before.

South but View from northy Rio Lermy Creek. Oct. 17-1919 Rio Grande Ore Canyon Timber Mimosa Timmer Rio A enter to wa. how much the ground fell off towards gap is the R.R. line. how this S.W.

Plan an exit from the front and rear right, New Ric army, Sep 17-1949 New A Raiding B On the other line use for raid There is a high rise station at the front anywhere Birds airstar small machine gun. It has its own pedestal on. Tanks Romulus W. B C Autolympic Outpost 2k > Rear Road East North Cut Beach Dune New Ric Bay Stand to North by New Ric Bay

(was anticlin) (Structur) (Southwesterly) (Crystal Rock) 300? feet (Rocky Bluff) St Lawrence River 3/4 mile 1 1/2 miles Rock pt. prom. Bab- (1) 1919 The ridge are either three fault slopes S.S. W or a line marked at 0° or cliff or at least most of them I reject the idea that primary all of these ridges are anticlinal in structure. Gray Island is distinct or and in one place just carry it away an small example here. At the west end of the three little islands to the W. of the fisher- man crag is a fine exposure of the quartzite an angle dipping about 40-60° to the J.W. To the north are coarse gneiss, south once the shale zone, the quartz feldsp. and then 130 feet of li. clay, with the local infilling 2 sand layers as at the outer mouth. Then turns to's fine shales in sort.

quart hour angle at then 130 feet of the cliff and the land infilled. Green slides also come in to the N of these lands ships numerous Four ridges Railing North Inners beach ridge through To the W I saw a man I came in the P.B. the bottom of a spooling out to the N. the 0 hr. dipping starts. The right and to Ranging W. the old dams it and so. Thorn Ridge. From the Thorns nows many lovely &. Or Lie. The mud pits seems while I stepped 450 feet across. At the dawn in which I saw this line only as a curiosity. On right in it, to another where this place or, & an Orchard of Gr - or - Dr. turnout. used for teams Train Ride ours home & an Early our journey The main story Ending at or Town's R.W. North

These three islands maybe in line of strike with Ridge Number 3 and the two other islands at the outer part appear to be in line of strike with ridge number 4. Ridge 5 fades out to sea north of the last named islands. The sixth ridge lies still farth to the N.W. Thursday Sep. 18-1919. Left Bie on the 7:00 A.M. train for Lorne. A beautiful clear but cold morning, When left to Lorne it was raining. Shipped one box of fruits this morning Sep.19 by Canadian Express. Charges collect.

Friday Sep. 19 - 1919. Just to the east of St Joseph station on the Intercolonial Railway is shown the primary section. The strata at first dip about 30° to the east but soon flattens out and dips perhaps from 20t. 30 to the SE. Green sandy shales at west end of one sided cut, 30 feet even. Li. cryst. 30" Green shales with thin local lenses of Li. cryst. 4' Li. cryst. 12"tr 18" Green shales with thick local lenses of Li. cryst. (12"t. 14") 8' One bed of Li. cryst. 12' Dark green sandy sile with thin op [2"] 2' Li. cryst. 3' The li. pebbles are here more flat than usual and lie with the bedding. They are about as rounded as usual. Some are up to 2' across. Some are sandy gritty, and all are embedded in a sandy matrix that weathers yellow. Sandy green shale 6" Li. cryst. 2' Green shale 12" Li. cryst. 5' Green shale 18" Li. cryst. 3' sh. 12" Li. cryst. 2' Green shale unknown thickness

"The structure of the cut is as follows (a syncline): - South side of cut E W Li. crop. These Li. crop. appear to be in line of strike with those seen on Sunday to the south of St. Joseph's village. One quarter of a mile to the east there is a low cut in green clay sand which meets then local lenses of green sandstone. One dips to the S.E. It looks like Leorn formation. One mile farther east of St Joseph is a cut at 10 mile fur are long hidden green sandstone, & the intermediate area seen only sho shows Ostets looks Leorn like though Reynmere flces it in the valley. About 1/2 mile more east is a lay out where the railway curves and constantly rises. It is in a long series of greenish shales with a few thin zones of red shales. Most of these red shales offers here to be due to something. Near the middle of the cut the green shales are interbedded with many thin (1-4") grey fine grained sandstones. A little farther east the green and

Haell shales have thin grms of li. coal, these beds are from 6 inch to about 18 inch thick. At the top of the sandstone I get foliform propeticis of this specin. At the base of the li. coal some I got two specimens of Phyllograpthus, and in another close adjacent some a fine Tetropterus and other forms. This then proves that some of these shales carry St. Joseph are Lewis and not Liley. Back to the hotel at 1.30. Had dinner and at 3:15 came off for home. There are more brilliant red shales but in this grms at the east end of the big Lewis cut, from there is not enough red shales to make the foreign Liley.

New Haven to Quebec Sep. 4 P.P. New Haven to Quebec 15.39 Sleepers n 3.34 n 15 Leris to Bic 5.95 n 18 Bic to Leris 5.95 n 19 Quebec to New Haven 14.44 n 19 Sleepers to Springfield 2.75

CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY HOTEL SYSTEM Chateau Frontenac Quebec FORM HD 40 C SCHUCKERT $2.50 461 Sept 5 New Haven ACCOUNTS ARE DUE WHEN PRESENTED WEEKLY ACCOUNT Paid 6 7 8 9 10 11 BROUGHT FORWARD ROOM 2.00 2.50 2.50 2.50 10- 2.00 12.00 2.50 10- 2.80 RESTAURANT ROOM SERVICE BAR CIGARS AND CIGARETTES BAGGAGE LAUNDRY VALET BOOTS TELEPHONE TELEGRAMS AND CABLES CAB AND MOTOR HIRE TOTAL LESS CASH PAID ALLOWANCES CARRIED FORWARD 17.50

Ridge to S.J R.R. S 47 1065 Thurp's 200+ Bridge bottom Red rocks S ch. actolite uro' 900' foot my estuy hut Rip Structure over B'C atmt 3 mils doc. 116

Le Quai et Pointe du Bic, Qué'.

Edite par la Cie Internationale des Beaux-Arts Ltee, Montreal. Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg. doc.116 POST CARD MADE IN CANADA ADDRESS ONLY HC Ltd. DESIGN REGIST.P

Le Village du Bic, des Petites Isles.

Printed by The Heliotype Co. Ltd., Ottawa, Ont. Post CARD MADE IN CANADA ADDRESS ONLY HC ltd DESIGN REGISTP