Document Pages

451 Pages
Page 1
Gould, P. J. 1963--At Sea 1 July 29, 1963--Honolulu, Oahu Island, U. S. A. (Waikiki) Bob Fleet and I arrived last night about 6:10 p.m. at the International airport via United. We stayed at the Waikiki International Hotel (2310 Kuhio Ave.). The island is beautiful green, cloud capped, temperate. The three most obvious (=common?) birds are all introduced species: Indian Myna, Bared Dove and English Sparrow. These are present wherever you go. We went out to Pearl Harbor and arrived at Nimitz Gate about 9:00 a.m. after phoning mdr. Doyle of our intentions to get gate passes, etc. He promised to have us met at the gate. When we arrived we again phoned Doyle to let him know we were there and he said he was sending someone out to get us through. By 12:30 p.m. we were tired of waiting so we again put through a call to Doyle. He was out to lunch but the man we talked to promised to call us back when he found out about our problem. In about 10 minutes he called back and apologized for our being held up. The blame was variously shoved around and ended in "draw". A Mr. LaHona picked us up and escorted us out to the ( ) where we met various members of the crew including the captain and several men from DESERET (including Mr. Bushman). It appears that we have clearance to embark on the ship, but not to board. So we phoned Maryanna Smellow (collect) and asked her to check m our orders. After coffee and small talk, and no luck in contacting Mr. Fry at Supply in Pearl City. Mr. Bushman took us out, got us temporary passes and left us off at a spot where we devoured a very late (4:00 p.m.) lunch. My first impression is that no one really knows what is going on. The ship leaves August 1 for the grid area and we hope to get a lot of collecting
Page 2
Gould, P. J. 1963--At Sea done. How, seems to be a matter of conjecture and apparently there are conflicting opinions between the Smithsonian, the Navy, and DESERT. I have not tried to air my own views but they appear to be somewhat in conflict with all three above mentioned parties. I think it best to just sit back and see how things proceed. This first run will turn out to be merely a shakedown cruise so that everyone will find out what each other has in mind. Even so I think there is a good chance to get a lot accomplished (if everyone will work together). July 30, 1963--Waikiki, Oahu, Hawaii We got up this morning and had breakfast with John Bushman. We went from here to the YAG 39 at Pearl Harbor. Picked up supplies at Pearl City and loaded them on the YAG. About 1:20 p.m. we met Bill Wirtz, Peter Marshall and Mike Trevor at the airport. Later in the day I walked down the major Waikiki way until I got to the zoo. Unfortunately it was about 5:30 p.m. and the zoo was closed. Large numbers of India Mynahs, Bared Doves and Chinese Spotted Doves were present. The Indian Mynah must be the most common bird on the island. It's everywhere in large numbers. I saw one Brazilian Cardinal in the park by the zoo and heard one American cardinal. A little later on the lawn in front and to one side of the Surf Queen Hotel I saw a small flock of 6 Rice birds. English sparrows were present as I walked back to the hotel. July 31, 1963--Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island, Hawaii We checked out of the Waikiki Hotel today and spent all morning getting supplies stored aboard the YAG 39. We got our rooms settled, etc. Mike
Page 403
Gould, P. J. 1964 Black-footed Albatross 1 January 3--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu, Hawaiian Is. These birds were constantly following the ship all day. The highest number counted was 17+ at 1235. These birds cannot be considered as being in a flock since their individual movements were independent of each other. There were, however, two instances when flocks of albatross were noted (1117 hours and 1235 hours). Each of these was a group of 9 birds sitting in a group on the water. Every time garbage was thrown overboard these birds would all close in on it and sit down near it to feed. One bird was seen to sit down next to a paper box and others were attracted by bits of white paper thrown over the side. For the most part these birds remained behind the ship. One bird had an almost completely white belly and throat, but the throat was suffused with grayish. It was lighter colored on the back (more silvery) than the other birds and may have been a bit larger. Possibly a hybrid?? Several birds showed extensive white areas around the base of the tail. Collected 1 adult ♀. At 1635 we caught 1 ad. Black-foot and banded it (number 757-60701), ca, 50 mi. SSW Oahu. Bird was released at 1700 hours. January 4--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian Is. A total of 3 birds followed the ship today. One we collected and the other two stayed around all day. Primarily these birds stayed behind the ship crossing and recrossing our wake. Occasionally they would fly around the ship, but would always returne to a position behind the ship. January 5--Pacific Ocean, 3rd day out Oahu, Hawaiian Is. Two birds have been around the ship today, but apparently only one bird was following us. The 2nd appeared once and then left. January 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu, Hawaiian Is. Two individuals today followed the ship until one was collected at 1700, then
Page 405
Gould, P. J. 1964 3 (BLack-footed Albatross) January 18--Pacific Ocean 16th day out Oahu, ca. 100 mi. SW Oahu 4 birds around in morning. Various numbers from 3 throughout the rest of the day. February 3--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu, Hawaiian Is. Maximum of 8 individuals following the ship at 1317 hours. At times when two birds fly near each other one will follow the other for a short period. Usually, however, the birds appear to be acting as individuals. When several sit down in the water others will often fly over to join or circle around them. One bird was caught, unharmed, on a fishing line. Banded (number 757-60836) and released. They were heard calling, 2 times. Once a bird on the water called to (at?) another that flew by. The second time was when birds were fighting over garbage. Often the birds will land in the water to either the starboard or port for rest rather than food. Today there was very little wind and the birds were doing an unusual amount of flapping. February 4--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian Is. 1 bird observed 1503. Collected 1 at 1600. Ad. ♀ with 1 corpus leutra (0464). February 12--Pacific Ocean, near Johnston-Sand Island 1 bird seen and collected within sight of Johnston Island. February 14--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Island One bird seen at 1455 heading SE followed ship for short period. February 15--Pacific Ocean, Grid Areq SW Johnston Island 2 birds. One at 0745-0948, and another at 1618. The one at 0948 opened bill as if to yawn then proceeded to the water. It extended its legs forward and elevated its wings ~~~~ and settled on a wave crest. (occurred in ca. 10 sec.) Upon landing it kept its wings up for 15-20 sec. and inserted its bill downward in water as if to drink, several times. Then closed wings and floated, did not appear to feed.
Page 407
Gould, P. J. 1965 Wedge-tailed Shearwater 1 1/2 day out in S and W direction from Pearl Harbor--August 1 1427. Circled about front of ship and moved with ship. Rapid flapping, then glide close to water. 1442-1448--Flying in direction of ship on starboard side. A lot more soaring and less flapping than one before, going higher over water. Flys horizontal, low over water, then rises in air banking with belly towards ship then back down into wave trough in "S" shaped motion. August 2--1 1/2 days out of Pearl Harbor, S and W We have seen a lot of these today in groups of anywhere from 1-30. Most often seen in 2's and 3's. Saw one flock where there were 13 or so sitting on water and they waited until the boat was only 25-50 yds. from them before they flew. Saw another large flock and noticed a few plunge into the water after gliding close to surface. They stayed in water a few (1-2) minutes dabbling with head often entirely under water before flying again. These shearwaters hold a much more horizontal position over the water than other shearwaters I have seen. I have yet to see one really shear the water with a wing. Most of the banking (one wing up, the other down) is done higher above the water and when they go low they stay horizontal. We have seen 2 or 3 birds following each other on numerous occasions. They stay together for several minutes, but almost always break up after this and circle independently. We have seen Manx Shearwater and New Zealand Shearwater associating closely with flocks of Wedge-tails, while other birds such as Sooty and Fairy Terns loosely associated with Wedge-tails. August 2--2 1/2 days out Pearl Harbor (S and W) ca. 500 nautical miles by evening (8:00 p.m.)
Page 408
Gould, P. J. 1965 (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) 2 It appears that there is a geneal tendency for these birds to go around in group of 2. Some lone birds are spotted and some groups of 3 but when more than 1 is seen they often stick together most of the time. In flight the wing pattern is distinctive. very dark brown light mottled brown dorsal wing mottled brown white ventral August 4--2322-2350 hours--full moon warm and light wind. Shining cargo light on water, we saw as many as 8 Wedge-tails in light beam at one time. May have been as many as 10-20 birds. They were flying back and forth very low and in tight circles. We often thought we saw them take off of the water as the light beam hit them. Saw several with small (ca. 3") silvery fish crosswise in their bills. Many were noticed swallowing while in flight. This was ac- complished by a slight upward flip of the head with a concurrent slight opening of the bill. The fish went down while head was at highest up and movement. Many Sooty Terns were wheeling overhead at this time. We have seen 3 or 4 dark phase wedge-tails during the last 2 days. August 5--ca. 5 mi. South Johnston Islnad, 4 1/2 to 5 days out Pearl Harbor High winds and choppy sea today. Birds very scarce. The wedge-tails that I have seen today are moving so fast it's hard to keep up with them. This appears to be due to the high winds. The speed of the birds flight evidently depends on the strength of the wind. 1447. 1 Wedge-tailed Shearwater. 1525. Very large flock flying very low over water, dashing back and forth, over school of 500 + flying fish, birds never appearing above the horizon ca. 45+ Wedge-tails, 30 ± 5 Sooty Terns, 25 ± 5 Shearwaters or petrels incident 1 fired. 1630. 2 Wedge-tailed Shearwaters.
Page 409
Gould, P. J. 1963 (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) 3 The ship was moving at a fairly constant speed of 8.5 knots between these observations. //Theory// A shearwater flying ca. 5' above the water can probably detect another bird the same height above the water at about 5 miles range. Shearwaters wander about the ocean singly or in groups of 2-4 in a normal and stable hunting flight pattern. When they come upon a food source their behavior changes--faster flying, more up and down soaring, etc. This attracts other birds to the food source. Other birds should be attracted from as far away as they can see the feeding bird--(at least 5 miles by the above figuring and since they get higher than 5' on occasion this observation distance should be greater. The above data shows that no birds were seen 38 minutes before the flock was reached or ca. 60 minutes after the flock had passed (since this flock was near ship for ca. 5 min.). At 8.5 knots this means that there were no birds on either side of the flock (in two directions at least) for 8.5 miles on one side and ca. 5.4 miles on the other. So this might indicate effective dispersal capacity for the birds and if the birds used it to perfection there should be 1 bird per area= [circle with '5 mi'] =a circle with a 5 mile radius. (Roughly this would mean that the birds could effectively utilize the area with 1 bird every 5 miles. "If birds were at maximum deployment then only 5 birds could probably utilize each food source." September 6--2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian Is., Pacific Ocean Watching these and other shearwaters and Petrels today it appears that a majority are following along the path of the wavetroughs. {shearwater} wave crest {path} trough They appear to change troughs frequently to preserve a straight course (always
Page 410
Gould, P. J. 1963 (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) 4 heading same direction.) We have seen other birds which have a dorsal appearance of Wedge-tails with the dark primaries but beneath they are much whiter with much more extensive white under the wings and much more white around the head. One seemed to have a light colored bill and I called it a Pink-footed Shearwater It should be checked to see if any species of Wedge-tail gets this pattern below (an exceptionally light light-phase) 1553. Sighted flock of birds which included 10+ Wedge-tails, 5+ Bonin Petrels, 125 + 5 Terns and 1 Frigate-bird. No fish school was noticeable and none of the birds were seen to go to the water. The wedge-tails would be gliding rapidly along one direction then make a "U" turn and make another pass over the area they had just gone over. These passes would be over fairly large stretches of water. Every once in a while the whole group (which was flying mostly as a unit with only a few straglers) would begin milling about in a tight series of circles. They would be closer to the water during this manouever and use their wings more often. Apparently at these points they had sighted the fish school near the surface, but still too deep to attack. September 7--Pacific Ocean, 2 days out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 1520. Flock consisting of 40+ Wedge-tails, 3+ Pink-footed Shearwaters, 1 Bonin Island Petrel and 25 Sooty Terns. These birds were feeding on flying fish. 1530. Large flock consisting of 1 Bulwer's Petrel, 50 + 10 Wedge-tails, 200 + 25 Sooty Terns, 3 White Terns, 2 Tropicbirds, 1 Dark-rumped Petrel. All of these birds were darting back and forth (except Tropicbirds) over a huge school of flying fish. These flying fish kept breaking surface in all directions. We observed this flock for over 1/2 hour. All the birds were chasing and catching flying fish, of 3 Wedge-tails
Page 411
Gould, P. J. 1963 (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) 5 collected, all had stomachs filled with flying fish (none had wings on them). The wedge-tails would fly low and fast over the fish and either hit a fish in mid air or (more commonly) they would splash into the water and chase the fish by hopping and jumping along with fore and bill thrusts until the fish was captured. Once a fish was caught the bird would immediately rise and swallow the fish in mid air. No precision diving from high in the air was noted. Groups of Shearwaters would occasionally be noticed forming on the water. These birds did not feed but went through preening movements and some wing stretching. There were always birds in the air. In general these sitting birds would be joined by other birds periodically, and a few would leave the sitting group from time to time. No single birds were ever noted sitting on the water. Much more flapping was required while the birds were actively catching fish than when hunting. September 8--Pacific Ocean, 4 days out Oahu, Hawaiian Is. Following is a series of observations made by Roger Clapp while on watch: 0544 10 Wedge-tails group of individual birds flying in from the NNW and then returning in the same direction. Flying up from waves in soaring circles. ("Possibly these are members of a just dispersing flock." 0553 1 Wedge-tail headed S 0555 1 Wedge-tail headed NNW 0601 7+ Wedge-tails headed NNW 0604 10 + Wedge-tails headed NNW, then SSE 0615 2 Wedge-tails headed NnW. "Bird shit from 15'." Also performed comfort movements while on the wing; bringing one foot up and ruffling and smoothing on flank feathers--also (apparently) yawned. 0616 3 Wedge-tails headed WSW 0632 2 Wedge-tails headed NNW
Page 412
Gould, P. J. 1963 (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) 0636 1 Wedge-tailed Shearwater headed N "Defacated 5-10'." "This plus above possibly indicating well fed birds on break-up of feeding flock." 0643 1 Wedge-tail headed SE 0647 1 Wedge-tail headed SSW to S 0702 1 Wedge-tail headed NE end of Roger Clapp's notes 0604 Small hunting flock of 10+ Wedge-tails 1417 Small flock 5+ Shearwaters and 30+ Sooty Terns 1735. Large flock consisting of 200 + 10 Wedge-tails, 20 Terns, 7 Frigate-birds, 1 adult Red-footed Booby, 9 Imm. Boobies. Huge school of lfying fish plus what appears to be larger fish in the water. At one spot a dead fish (white belly up) was seen floating just beneath the surface in a cloud of blood. There were sharks at this place. The wedge-tails were flying (gliding) back and forth in large circles over a considerable area. No single birds were seen more than 200 yards from the flock. In other words all the birds were incorporated into the one flock and no birds were feeding as lone individuals. On two occasions at least sitting flocks were observed. There were always on the outside of the feeding flock and no flying fish were seen around them. In other words the resting birds sat just outside the feeding area. One of these resting flocks has over 65 birds at one point. Birds would occasionally leave ;this flock and join the feeding birds and conversely some feeding birds would leave the feeding flock and join the resting flock. While on the water the birds would do preening movements and frequently hold up their wings for several seconds at a time. Upon taking off the birds would first raise their wings and shake them than with one or two hops into the wind they would rise up and join the feeding flock. One wedge-tail was seen with a bright red tag extending from the leg under the tail (PJG).
Page 413
Gould, P. J. 1963 (Wedge-tailed Shearwater) 7 After about an hour the flock had become widely dispersed and by this time the birds were soaring (no wing flapping) over much larger areas than when actively feeding. We have noticed that these Shearwaters while hunting often rise 10-15 or 20 feet above the water surface while banking for a turn. While these birds were feeding they did not do this, but usually remained fairly close to the water. After the fish school had quit jumping and the flock was spreading out, some shearwaters could be seen going up as high as 30 or 40 feet while banking. This is probably so they can get a good look around to see where the fish school had gone by seeing where other birds were displaying actual feeding behavior as opposed to hunting behavior. Earlier in the day we had observed a Wedge-tail to glide up over 100' in the air then after a few seconds set its wing and glide down to the water surface. September 12--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area 1000. Flock of ca. 50+ Wedge-tails, 2 Dark-rumped Petrel, and 10+ Sooty Terns. Flock milling, not feeding. Many birds sit on water. Specimen measurements: Field Number Sex Weight Wing Tail Cul. Tar. Midtoe 0356 ♀ 336 290 145 37.5 50.1 57.5 0359 ♀ 423 273 134 36.7. 47.0 59.0 0361 ♀ 404 278 140 37.9 46.4 60.3 0362 ♀ 416 275 137 broke 49.1 57.7 38.3 Watching flying bird it sat down alone in water. It was shortly joined by second, third, fourth fifth through tenth birds in rapid succession. Once saw a lone bird sitting in the water that was not joined by other birds. It still sat for several minutes befoe flying over to join flock sitting in water. Out of 50+ Shearwaters only one was dark-phased.
Page 424
Gould, P. J. 1964 Harcourt's Storm Petrel 1 January 4--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian Islands 2 birds were seen today, 1st at 1426, and second at 1445. The first was flying SSE, the second, NNW. January 5--Pacific Ocean, 3rd day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. A total of 7 birds were seen today. 3 were sitting in the water with a wedge-tailed Shearwater and flew up as ship approached. 1 was flying with 2 Wedge-tails in a scattered non-feeding mixed flock. 2 others were watched for several minutes and both stayed together until they were out of sight. January 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 2 individuals were seen ( ). Both were alone and both were seen after 1500 hours. January 9--Pacific Ocean, 7th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 bird seen today at 1208 by the man on watch. January 10--Pacific Ocean, 8th day out Oahu, Grid Area One unidentified storm petrel seen by watch. January 13--Pacific Ocean, 11th day out Oahu, Grid Area 3 individuals seen today. One bird observed to sit on the water. February 4--Pacific Ocea, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 1 individual seen at 1537 flying SW. One unidentified storm petrel at 1048 appeared to be trailing its feet in the water. February 5--Pacific Ocean, 3rd day out Oahu 3 birds seen at 0910 and 0959. 2 birds definitely flying together. Other bird was sitting on water when first observed. On the water these birds ride very high. February 8--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Island. One bird seen at 1519 flying north.
Page 430
Gould, P. J. 1964 Red-tailed Tropicbird January 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. One bird seen at 1435 flying 70' above the water it flew in front of the ship and was seen again at 1447 sitting on the water. January 7--Pacific Ocean, 5th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 5 individuals seen today, 1 collected. A bird seen early this morning which was probably of this species, would every once in a while appear to falter in the air, side slip a little as if making a flase start at diving into the water. January 8--Pacific Ocean, 6th day out Oahu, Grid Area 2 individuals today. 1 was a sub-adult about 250' up and the other was only 40' up. Both circled the ship. January 9--Pacific Ocean, 7th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 adult bird (♀) collected today. January 10--Pacific Ocean, 8th day out Oahu, Grid Area 4 birds seen today, mostly adults. January 11--Pacific Ocean, 9th day out Oahu, Grid Area 6 birds seen today. 4 birds seen today at 0825 (all collected)! Two adults were first seen making a series of false dives each time ending up lower to the water until they were only 20-30' above the water. At one point these two adults, while high in the air, make upward glides and hovered at the top of each glide. These two remained together. When one was shot (♂ with enlarged testes) the other hovered over it for over 15 minutes. This bird was an ad. ♀ (ovary minute). The other two birds were Imm.♀♀. January 12--Pacific Ocean, 10th day out Oahu, Grid Area A total of 3 birds seen today. Two were observed by Charles Noteboom at 0210 this morning, flying around the ship's lights. January 13, 1964--Pacific Ocean, 11th day out Oahu, Grid Area
Page 431
Gould, P. J. 1964 Red-tailed Tropicbird 2 1 bird seen today. January 17--Pacific Ocean, 15th day out Oahu, ca. 2 days NE Johnston 1 bird at 0854. February 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu One bird circles ship at 1223. February 7--Pacific Ocean, 1 day SE Johnston Island 6 birds observed today. One bird observed feeding at 0844. Made at least 6-10 dives, 2 from at least 100 yds. up adn the bird half closed its wings steering with wings and tail. Did not break fall completely submerged in water with great splash, but did not remain in water for longer than 2 seconds. A series of shorter dives were also made. One bird after starting its dive altered its direction to more of an incline and speeded down evidently having fish in sight at all times. It was noted to check itself in mid-dive several times but this appeared to be due to movement of prey rather than trying to reduce speed on part of bird. February 8--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Is. 2 birds seen today. One was seen feeding in front of rain squall as the squall caught up it sat on the water and was not seen to get up as squall surrounded it. February 10--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Is. 2 individuals observed today. February 15--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Island One bird at 1127 running in front of rain squall. February 16--Pacific Ocean 3 birds. 2 at 0749 feeding on flying fish and one at 1012. March 3--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu One birdat 1110, 50-75'; dove briefly to water level once.
Page 432
Gould, P. J. 1964 Masked Booby 1 January 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. One adult was seen at 0752 flying SE. January 7--Pacific Ocean, 5th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 3 individuals seen today. One bird at 0938 was fishing by diving into the water from heights of ca. 10-20 feet by making shallow passes over the waves. It would plunge bill first into a school of flying fish. The Bird at 1555 flew around the ship, but never too close, and on 2 occasions it settled into the water near a box that had been dumped overboard earlier. January 8--Pacific Ocean, 6th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 bird at 0652 milling and feeding on flying fish, calling as diving. January 9--Pacific Ocean, 7th day out Oahu, Grid Area Two birds at 0715 flying together. One sat on the water for 20 seconds. January 10--Pacific Ocean, 8th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 Bird (ad) seen today, at one point it came within 100 yds of an Imm. Red-footed Booby--no interaction. January 11--Pacific Ocean, 9th day out Oahu, Grid Area 2 birds seen late in day both adults. One bird collected was sitting on water and flew up to inspect the ship. 2nd bird flew around ship after sunset as if trying to land. January 13--Pacific Ocean, 11th day out Oahu, Grid Area 2 birds seen today, 1 collected. January 16--Pacific Ocean, 14th day out Oahu, ca. 1 day NE Johnston I. 1 adult followed ship for a short while. January 17--Pacific Ocean, 15th day out Oahu, ca. 2 days NE Johnston 1 bird in with feeding flock of Sooty and Fairy Terns. February 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu 4 birds seen today, 1 in flock of Sooty Tern and Red-footed Boobies.
Page 435
Gould, P. J. 1964 Red-footed Booby 1 January 4--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. One individual was seen today at 1229 flying ca. 30' over the water and heading ENE. This was almost an adult bird but still had some brownish throughout tail. January 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 6 birds seen today. One adult, a subadult and 3 juveniles. 1 juv. and 1 subadult were collected. From 1727 until 1737 there were 3 birds flying arund together. They were always very close together. 1 adult, 1 subadult and 1 juvenile. The adult and the juvenile were seen at 1716 and were probably joined by the subadult shortly after we first lost sight of them. These three birds were flying ar und at the same time a subadult booby was collected but they were quite far away from this bird. About 1810 just before it was too dark to see, a booby that was probably of this species spent 5 minutes trying to land on the ship. It made repeated runs of 2 high masts on the ship. January 7--Pacific Ocean, 5th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 2 Imm. collected. One of them (1402) had a flying fish in its bill when it was picked up and had probably tried to regurgitate it. January 8--Pacific Ocean, 6th day out Oahu, Grid Area 3 birds seen today, 2 at 1230 and one at 1817. The one at 1817 circled over the ship several times as if trying to land and roost on the rear mast. January 9--Pacific Ocean, 7th day out Oahu, Grid Area 10 birds seen today. 3 collected. January 10--Pacific Ocean, 8th day out Oahu, Grid Area 4 birds seen today, 3 Imm. and 1 adult.
Page 436
Gould, P. J. 1964 Red-footed Booby 2 January 11--Pacific Ocean, 9th day out Oahu, Grid Area 6 birds seen today. 4 were in ( ) flocks with Pterodroma. January 12--Pacific Ocean, 10th day out Oahu, Grid Area 8 birds seen today. This continues to be the most abundant bird in the area. Just before sunset there was a group of 1 nearly ad. and 3 Imm sitting in the water; once they flew up, but soon settled down again. They will probably spend the night together on the water. January 13--Pacific Ocean, 11th day out Oahu, Grid Area 2 birds seen today. January 14--Pacific Ocean, 12th day out Oahu, Grid Area 2 birds (1 ad and 1 Imm) seen today. January 15--Pacific Ocean, 13th day out Oahu, Johnston Island at 0230 3 birds seen today, all together 1 ad. and 2 Imm. flying together. January 16--Pacific Ocean, 14th day out Oahu, ca. 1 day NE Johnston I. 4 birds observed today. One bird was observed in the evening catching flying fish that were scared up by the ship. February 3--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 2 birds observed just before sunset, both subadults flying around ship trying to land. One actually landed after sunset. 1 bird caught shortly after (ca. 1930) dark was roosting on railing of ship. Caught and banded and released. Head tucked under back feathers. February 4--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. One bird (possibly same one banded last night,), left roosting place on rail at 0505 a.m. in response to presence of observer. One adult seen at 0559. February 5--Pacific Ocean,3rd day out Oahu
Page 437
Gould, P. J. 1964 Red-footed Booby 3 One subadult bird roosting on radar tower first observed at 0315 hours and finally flushed at 1430 hours. About 7 birds seen throughout the day. February 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu A total of 53 birds seen today. One group of 50+ were in with a feeding flock of Sooty Terns. Most of these ca 42+ were adults. Feeding was done by more of a chasing type of flight how over the water. No high diving was noted. February 7--Pacific Ocean, 1 day SE Johnston Island 12 birds observed today (9 sightings). 4 adults and 6 immatures. One adult feeding with Sooty Terns by shallow dives interspersed with chasing over the surface. One Immature bird flew around ship after sunset apparently trying to find a roosting spot. February 9--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Island 2 Immature birds observed today., February 10--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Island 6 individuals seen today, 1 collected at least 2 adults and 3 immature birds February 11--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Island 3 individuals seen today, 1 was imm. the others? One followed a sub-adult Masked Booby for some time. February 12--Pacific Ocean, near Johnston-Sand Island 9 birds seen outside the strict environs of Sand-Johnston Islands. 1 first year bird collected. Most were flying towards Johnston Island and 6 were in with groups of Sooty Terns heading in the same direction. February 13--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area SW Johnston Island 3 individuals. 2 at 0824 and one at 1136.
Page 439
Gould, P. J. 1964 Frigatebird 1 January 3--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 3 birds observed. 1 at 1223 and 2 at 1054. January 5--Pacific Ocean, 3rd day out Oahu, Hawaiian, I. 7 birds seen today. All birds were singles, but at 1115 two birds came together and were chasing each other about in the air. Apparently one bird finally dropped (regurgitated) some food and the most agressive bird caught this before it hit the water. I wonder how after these birds pirate their own species for food. One individual was over a loose flock of non-feeding birds containing shearwaters and terns. January 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 3 individuals were seen, 2 were together. The third bird was associated with a feeding flock of sherawaters and terns. January 7--Pacific Ocean, 5th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 2 individuals seen, both were high in the air and about 2 miles distant. January 10--Pacific Ocean, 8th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 ad male collected today with enlarges testes and sperm in the vas deferens. Red gular patch not expanded when seen, but greatly enlarges and deflated. January 11--Pacific Ocean, 9th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 ad female over small feeding flock. January 13--Pacific Ocean, 11th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 ad. male seen today. January 16--Pacific Ocean, 14th day out Oahu, ca. 1 days NE Johnston I. 1 ad female seen today. January 17--Pacific Ocean, 15th day out Oahu, ca. 2 days NE Johnston 1 ad female seen today. January 18--Pacific Ocean, 16th day out Oahu, ca. 100 miles SW Oahu 2 birds seen today one in with flock of Sooty Terns. This bird was not feeding
Page 443
Gould, P. J. 1963 Sooty Tern 1 August 12--Pacific Ocean, Grid Area off Johnston Island 1253. One Sooty Sighted flying at about 75 feed. It kept trying to fly into the wind, but was constantly pushed back after about 30 seconds. It tried about 4 times then gave up and flew headed SW before the wind. The wind was blowing at 15 knots at this time. 1333. One Sooty being blown SW before the wind which is still at 15 knots. This bird tried about 3-4 times to turn back into the wind, but like the last bird could only stay for about 30 seconds each time. 1429. Flock of 10 Sooty Terns drifting generally to NW, wind has died down. 1' 25' up. 1440. Flock of 20 Sooties 1' 5' up headed E into wind. 1443. 1 S headed N joined flock moving to E. 1451. Flock of 14 W headed W 5-10' up. The wind is now at 10 knots. Evidently these birds prefer the E direction (which is generally toward Johnston Island) but can only make it when the wind is below 15 knots. 10 knots appears to slow them down and keep them low but they can still fly into it. January 4, 1964--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. A total of 13 birds were seen today. They were in groups of 2,1,4, and 6. The group of six was seen between rain squalls and were heading into the wind apparently having trouble making very good time. January 5--Pacific Ocean, 3rd day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. A total of 7 birds were seen. All were in 1 group that was part of a loose flock containing wedge-tails, 1 Frigatebirds and 1 Harcourt's Storm Petrel. They were not feeding. January 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 10 individuals were seen.
Page 444
Gould, P. J. 1964 (Sooty Tern) 2 9 9 were with a feeding flock containing 3 Wedge-tails, and 1 Frigatebirds and one was with a feeding flock of 2 Wedge-tails and 1 Fairy Tern. They were feeding on squid that were breaking the surface. January 8--Pacific Ocean, 6th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 bird heard before it got light in the morning. January 9--Pacific Ocean, 7th day out Oahu, Grid Area 1 seen at 0545 this morning. January 15--Pacific Ocean, 13th day out Oahu, Johnston I. at 0230 1 bird at 0653 flying south 50-100'. January 17--Pacific Ocean, 15th day out Oahu, ca. 2 days NE Johnston Two feeding flocks observed today, 1st flock at 1329 had 50+ Sooties, 8 Fairy Terns and 1 Masked Booby. This flock was feeding in the middles of a heavy rain squall. No flying fish were observed. The second flock at 1400 had 20 Sooties, 1 Fairy Tern, and 2 Wedge-tails. This flock was feeding at edge of a rain squall (same one as above) but was sometimes out of it and sometimes inside it. As above no flying fish were observed. Watching two birds flying together in light rain both were flying low over the water. They began a series of movements as follows: Abruptly they would pull slightly up in the air and hesitate for a few seconds. While hesitating they would fluff out their feathers and shake their whole body at the same time. This was done 3 times by one bird and 2 times by the other. Since it was raining lightly and this act was repeated it would seem as if appeared to the observer that they were bathing rather than shaking off excess water. January 18--Pacific Ocean, 16th day out, ca. 100 miles SW Oahu 157 birds seen today. 3 feeding flocks, 1 of 85+ birds and one of 26+ birds and one of 25+ birds One non-feeding group of 15+ birds.
Page 445
Gould, P. J. 1964 (Sooty Tern) 3 February 3--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 21 total individuals in groups of 7,6,3,2,2 , and 1. The flock of 6 were feeding on small fish (not flying fish). The small groups were all flying to the N, NW, or NE, probably towards Oahu. February 4--Pacific Ocean, 2nd day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. 111 total individuals in groups of 63, 11, 11, 9 222, and 12 singles. Two birds were seen in association with 1 Fairy Tern. In general most appeared to be heading NE. February 6--Pacific Ocean, 4th day out Oahu. 2 flocks, 1 of 40+ and 1 of 100+ birds. The flock of 100+ had about 50+ Red- footed Boobies in wit them and 1 Masked Booby. These were actively feeding. As ship approached this flock it essentially split into two groups of 40-50 birds each. Upon pressing these flocks the Sooties finally all rose into air and then departed from area. Many of the birds became scattered into smaller groups. February 7--Pacific Ocean, 1 day SE Johnston Island One flock of 7 feeding at 0708 with 1 Red-footed Booby. February 12--Pacific Ocean, near Johnston-Sand Island A total of 363 seen between sunrise and sunset. Thousands were seen over Sand Island proper. From 1600 hours on through 2400 hours these birds were constantly about t the ship, most heading in towards Johnston Island. A vast majority of these birds seem flying toward Johnston Island (ca. 340+) were flying very low over the water (ca. 5-10 ft.). They were at times accompanied (3 times) by Red-footed Boobies. At 2305 hours there were ca. 10 birds flying about the ship in a heavy rain squall. The rain appeared to have no effect on them although the lights we used appeared to scare ;them away. Several appeared to be confused by the lights. No feeding activity, was noticed.
Page 451
Gould, P. J. 1964 Pomarine Jaeger 1 January 3--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. These birds have been following behind the ship all day. The highest count being 12 at 1405 hours. Each bird appears to have a different plumage pattern. Quite a few were adults, but many were sub-adults. Both dark phase and light phase (extremes of both) were present in about equal numbers (light phase may have been slightly more predominant). These birds were attracted to the garbage thrown overboard, but were occasionally seen in front of the ship. They were attracted to bits of white paper thrown over the side of the ship. None were observed to attract the Albatross or each other. Many were noticed to sit in the water. Collected 1 Imm. ♀. January 18--Pacific Ocean, 16th day out, ca. 100 mi. SW Oahu. One dark phase bird seen today, circled ship a few times, then departed. February 3--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu, Hawaiian I. At least 4 birds around. 4 (2 light phase and 2 dark phase) observed at 1254. These birds have been following the ship all day as have the Albatross. They often fly off and sit quietly in the water for extended periods of time. One was observed to scratch its head while in flight. No parasite behavior noted. Dark phase birds have been more noticeable. March 2--Pacific Ocean, 1st day out Oahu. The largest number seen at any one time was 21. This was when the birds gathered at garbage that had been dumped overboard. Most of these birds were adult light phased individuals. A few were adult dark phase and one juvenile bird was seen. At 1818 a feeding flock of Sooty Terns was found. There were at least 10 Jaegers mixed in this flock chasing the terns.