Screenings = 1/2 in + less. steam roller + crusher. Proper drainage, Rolling of earth foundation. Macadam turn stone screenings for binder. Consolidation with steam roller. 7 [illegible] 18" 5" [illegible] 2:1 2:1 1/2:12 2 2 11 Minimum longitudinal grade = 1/2 % Butters of 2 1/2% should be faced with rubble stone and under- drained with tile. Middle rows run less than 15 ft between ditches, better 22 ft or more. Side slopes not over 1/2:12 so that cars will not follow out Drag & Wheel scrapers instead of Wagons where hauling does not exceed 200 feet. Stewart grader a common grade machine for leveling up. On the best earth road only 1/2% as great a load can be carried as on a good macadam road. A slight 8 % grade is all right as economy. 2 to 3 % is better if it can be secured cheaply since this is angle of repose of wagon and truck tires can turn down road. Ditches wide enough for drag or wheel scrapers.