irregular horizontal layers. On vertical sections one sees a general vertical stria- tion of the rock due to the cracked vertical canals, the layer of which are from 2/8 to 3/8 inch in diameter. It is probably down these canals that the oratu from the surface goes, while through the granular caliche passes up through capillarity the ground oratu. In places the rock takes on a bedded nature with smooth layers some of which take on the vertical fine striation seen in stalac- mite. If the oratu descends through a mass of loose material or rock ticecia or clay, the whole is loosely cemented together. Caliche is easily distinguished from marine limestone by its irregular cavernous nature, vertical canals and horizontal layers of smooth caly li. These smooth layers are more widely spread horizontally, often a few inches and have a few feet in thickness from japan to about four inches. Sometimes the caliche is broken up into ticecia and recemented.