Thompson Quinault April 28, 1934. were able to remain up in the Olympics During winter because they ate [the] moose which, brown in summer, turns white in winter & hangs from the trees. Snow even though 20-30 ft. deep, blows off the windward side of the beaks leaving exposed rocks & soil and where it does lie it is often hard- crust ed enough to bear the weight of a deer. Elle Olson says that elle do not ordinarily starve in winter. That a hard winter came in 1915-16 and again in 1932- 33 at which time snow came so suddenly and so deep that elle could not get out. They yarded up and tramped knees through the know so deep that only their heads & sometimes backs were visible above the snow. At these times they eat hemlock & fir boughs as high as they could reach until stubs as big as his index finger were left dangling from the [trees]. He estimates that 1,000 elle starved to death in the Quinault watershed in the winter of 1932-33. I think this figure too high. Many died over near Reflection Lake also. He reports the seasonal drift from timber line in the monument to river bottoms in winter. He says that