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exposure to light, but this does not seem to impair its efficiency. It is rather viscous, and if you are using
a capsule, you may have to open it to let this liquid in.
4. When the specimen is perfectly clear, rinse it in
two baths of xylol to remove the phenol. Allow for
each the same length of time as was required for the
clearing.
5. Clean and polish a slide and cover glass. Use
soap and water. Handle the polished glass by the
edges only, to avoid finger prints. Beware of dust and
lint. Select the cell, glass fragments, or bits of plastic
sheeting to support the cover. Be sure that the tools,
balsam, and "duco" cement are ready at hand.
6. With pen and india ink, copy the data relative
to the specimen onto one of the gummed paper labels,
and stick it to the extreme left-hand end of the slide.
If there is more information than one label will hold,
put another at the right-hand end.
7. Lay the slide in the jig. Place the cover glass
supports in position, in the corners of a rectangle or
evenly spaced around a circle, just inside the outline
marked on the jig. Fasten each with a little clear
cement. Place a large drop of balsam in the middle of
the slide and spread it with a needle almost to the
limits of the outline all around. Allow it to stand for
several minutes to become tacky. Remove your speci-
men from the xylol and place it over the dot at the
center of the jig. Spread out the legs and other ap-
pendages by the aid of needles. The tacky balsam will
help to hold them in place. If several specimens are
to be mounted on the same slide, arrange them in
some orderly manner. Then flood each with a small
drop of balsam, guiding the flow with a needle so that
the air is forced out ahead of the liquid, and no bubbles
are formed. Only experience can teach you just how
much balsam you will need. Try not to spill or
smear it on the glass where not wanted. It is a great
nuisance to remove. If you get it on your clothes, you
can wash it out with xylol or turpentine.
Specimens sometimes come loose and float out of
position, even after the cover glass is on. If they are
sufficiently tough and rigid, you can prevent this by
gluing them to the slide. Instead of the first layer of
thick balsam, put a small drop of thin plastic cement
on the glass. Dry the surface of the specimen by
blotting or blowing. Place the animal upon the drop
cement, and arrange the appendages. Then flood
with balsam.
8. Pick up the cover-glass with forceps, and touch
one edge of it to the slide at a point indicated by the
outline on the jig. Lower the other edge slowly, so
that as the glass touches the balsam, the air is driven
out before it. Press the cover down gently, until it
rests on the supports, and secure it in position by
means of a bobbypin clamp. If there is not quite
enough balsam under the cover to fill the space, apply
9. Check the centering of the cover glass by means
of the jig, and set the slide away to dry. This will take
a very long time, and during that while the slide
should be kept clean, dry, and warm, with a good
circulation of air if possible. It must remain in a hori-
zontal position, and nothing should be allowed to
touch its upper surface. The top shelf of a closet is
a pretty good drying spot, if you do not forget what
you have there and put a hat on top of the slides by
accident.
Inspect the slide from time to time, as it dries. On
the first day, you will find that the duco cement has
turned milk white, but within a week it will have
cleared again. As the xylol evaporates, the balsam
shrinks, and empty pockets may form at the edges of
the cover. If so, fill them with drops of liquid balsam.
After about a month, it will be safe to take off the
clamp. You may now examine the slide with the
microscope, if you are very careful. However, it will
be six months to a year before the balsam is dry enough
to permit you to put the slide away in a slide box in
a vertical position, or to examine it from the back
without grave danger of dislodging the cover-glass.
It is doubtful if very thick cell-mounts ever become
completely solid. When the cover is so firmly cemen-
ted to the slide that you cannot shift it by a gentle
shove, you may remove unsightly smears of balsam
with a cloth moistened in xylol. There is no objection
to leaving a neat ring of balsam around the cover.
Indeed, it acts as a protection to the fragile edges of
the glass.
It is possible, though risky, to hasten the drying of
balsam by heating the slide carefully over a spirit lamp;
but if you are ingenious as well as impatient, you can
combine a metal box, an electric lamp and some bits
of screen to produce a drying oven which will safely
reduce the drying time to a few days.
10. Store your finished slides in a slide box, or
boxes, arranged in some convenient order, so that
you can always find the one you want without looking
through the whole collection. The usual plan is to
arrange them taxonomically, that is, according to their
scientific classification, in the order given by a book of
reference. You may find it easier or more interesting
to arrange them ecologically, that is, according to the
kind of place in which you found them, all the apple
tree insects in one place, and all those that live on oak-
trees in another, for instance.
Slide mounted specimens are usually viewed by
transmitted rather than by reflected light. That is, the
light shines through them from below. There are
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