Blackbirds seen only in Pennsylvania are the "red-winged blackbird" (Agelaius phoeniceus), which is common throughout North America, and the "yellow-headed blackbird" (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), which breeds in Canada and winters in the southern United States. The red-winged blackbird is a member of the Icteridae family, commonly known as New World blackbirds. It is also sometimes referred to as the common redwing or marsh bird. The male has striking plumage with bright red and yellow patches on its wings, giving rise to its name. Females are duller brownish-gray. This species inhabits wetlands such as marshes, swamps, ponds, and lakeshores across much of North America. They prefer areas with emergent vegetation like cattails or reeds where they can build their nests near water level. During breeding season (April through August), males establish territories by singing loudly from high perches within these habitats. Their song consists mainly of two notes: a loud "chuck" followed by softer whistles that vary slightly depending upon individual dialects learned during early life stages. Nests are built low down amongst tall grasses or reeds close to water's edge using twigs lined with soft materials like feathers down found floating nearby on surface waters often covered over thick layer snow winter months until springtime when ice melts away revealing open spaces again suitable for nesting purposes later same year ahead eventually leading into summer season thereafter.