29 June. Barrow, Alaska by dabbling. Once the 4 and 2 had been separated from the other 3. At the Time the males started a neck-jerk motion when the head was brought back as the body (with beak slightly) pointed up) and then it was jerked forward. Both males did this and the female did it too. These 5 birds flew over to another pad where there was another flock 4. They landed some distance away from the pair and again began feeding. Gradually the five groups came together. The resident male began the head bobbing- or jerking motion. Then short chases began between this resident 3 and the other birds on the pad including the other females. These chases lasted for 2-3 feet and were when the aggressor would possibly float through the water and appear to bite or at least threaten with beak. Meanwhile the aggressor's mate remained feeding, paying no attention to heronate, activity. The other females however,