Long: Kansas Birds 439 65. Mergus serrator Linnaeus. Red-breasted Merganser. Occasional migrant; rare winter resident. All records are from the eastern part, but it probably occurs in the west as well. It is often confused with the preceding species, especially in the winter plumage. 66. Cathartes aura septentrionalis Wied. Turkey Vulture. Common summer resident. It is not as common as it used to be, because farmers no longer leave dead animals in the fields. 67. Coragyps atratus atratus (Meyer). Black Vulture. Formerly common; now extinct in the state. Probably exterminated before 1900. 68. Elanoides forficatus forficatus (Linnaeus). Swallow-tailed Kite. Formerly a common summer resident; now a rare straggler. This kite has been reported only as far west as Manhattan. There are a number of specimens, all taken in the early history of the state. 69. Ictinia mississippiensis (Wilson). Mississippi Kite. Common summer resident in Barber and Comanche counties; rare elsewhere. There is one breeding record from Douglas county. 70. Astur atricapillus atricapillus (Wilson). Eastern Goshawk. Rare and irregular winter visitant. Ten specimens in the Kansas University collection were taken in the winter of 1916-'17. There are other specimens taken in other winters. 71. Accipiter velox velox (Wilson). Sharp-shinned Hawk. Fairly common winter resident throughout the state. 72. Accipiter cooperi (Bonaparte). Cooper's Hawk. Common resident throughout the state. There are many breeding records. 73. Buteo borealis borealis (Gmelin). Eastern Red-tailed Hawk. Common resident in eastern Kansas. Winters abundantly in the southern part of the state. 74. Buteo borealis krideri Hoopes. Krider's Hawk. Occasional winter resident. There are a number of specimens in the Kansas University collection and several in the Rinker collection at Hamilton. 75. Buteo borealis calurus Cassin. Western Red-tailed Hawk. Common winter resident in the west; occasional in the east. 76. Buteo borealis harlani (Audubon). Harlan's Hawk. Common winter resident. This subspecies of the red-tailed hawk winters abundantly in southern Kansas. 77. Buteo lineatus lineatus (Gmelin). Northern Red-shouldered Hawk. Rare summer resident in extreme eastern Kansas. 78. Buteo platypterus platypterus (Vieillot). Broad-winged Hawk. Uncommon summer resident. There are two breeding records from Douglas county. 79. Buteo swainsoni Bonaparte. Swainson's Hawk. Common summer resident in the west; occasional migrant. During the fall migration this large hawk occurs in flocks of thousands on the open prairies. 80. Buteo lagopus s. johannis (Gmelin). American Rough-legged Hawk. Common winter resident in the west; occasional in the east. 81. Buteo regalis (Gray). Ferruginous Rough-leg. Common resident in western Kansas; rare in the east. This is one of the most common hawks in the state in the winter.