Howell, T.R. 1950 S. v. nuchalis Tulameen, 17 mi. W. of Princeton, B.C. April 30 - Arrived here 8:10 A.M. - clear, sunny. Heavy frost last night. In a large aspen grove are 3 typical nuchalis - at least one is definitely a ♀ , as I can see white on the throat. This ♀ is definitely tattooing. The other two have all-red throats, and must surely be ♂s; they too are tattooing. I saw the ♀ tattoo several times, then fly over to a ♂ which yelped. Then there were squawks, bobbing, yelps; a male flew at the ♀ , and she flew off; the other male came up and chased the ♂ , more squawks. Then I saw the ♀ tattoo a few times; a ♂ flew up to her and began bobbing and squawking, crest raised. She immediately did the exact same thing. The the other male flew up; the ♀ left, the ♂ s squawked at each other then one went over to the ♀ , the other followed, more squawks. Then a quiet period for a minute or so, and tattooing start and yelping start again. The ♂ s must be tattooing also, as I have heard 2 of the three doing it at once. Most of this courting goes on about 20-40 ft up in the aspens, with frequent x-wise perching, over a radius of about 20 yds; they may go out over 100 yds, though.