June 7 - To Winnipeg last leaders green of the conifers. The latter consist of spruces, & tamaracs on swampy ground, and scrubby lodgepole pines (P. contorta?) on the dry elevations. The prevalent deciduous trees seem to be birch, maple, and balsam poplar. There is a dense and continuous carpet, except on rock surfaces, of what looks like sphagnum moss, with patches of huckleberry, cherry, etc. It is very difficult to see birds from the train; perhaps there are fewer black species up here. Those noted since noon are: Bronzed Buckler (about 12); Crow (fully 15); Spoonbill (2); Mallard Duck (1, and other ducks in distance, and other water birds, diving at sight of train); Tree Swallow (2); English Sparrow (arriving in biggest towns),