1948 Archbold Cape York Expedition December 8, 1947 to December 4, 1948
Page 363
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Transcription
are anchored there as floating storage bins and handling plants, and cargoes of ore coming from Dutch Guiana are unloaded there, and transferred to the much larger ships which take it to the U.S. As now carried out, the handling of bauxite is a messy job accompanied by considerable loss of ore. Instead of being lowered into the holds of the ships that are being loaded, the grabline shovels are opened high in the air. The large dust content of the ore is caught by the wind and carried over the harbor, in a pale brownish cloud which almost obscured the bauxite ships at times. By letting the ore go in the air perhaps half a minute is gained on each release. The loss of ore carried away by wind must be quite appreciable, while the lost material, settling on the bottom, might in no long time be expected to affect soundings in a harbor which is not very deep. The actual harbor at Port of Spain is a dredged basin with a depth of about 30 feet, made in recent years by joint British and U.S. effort, and containing very good wharfage for about six large ships. The largest vessels still have to anchor 2 or 3 miles off shore in the open roadstead. The port is extremely busy. I counted 18 large ships the morning we arrived, and over 30 small vessels including sailing craft which ply to the mainland and through the islands. The very large export of petroleum oils is shipped from Brighton, about 30 miles south of Port of Spain, and so is the product from the famous pitch lake. Trinidad is the largest producer of oil in the British Empire. Next to oil, sugar is the most important production of Trinidad. Rice is a big crop. Cacao, copra, and citrus fruits are important exports, as are rum and angustura bitters. Grapefruit is the chief citrus crop. Both fresh citrus fruit and canned juices are sent to Britian. About half of Trinidad is under cultivation. The Conservator of Forests (Sale) tells me that the forestry situation is excellent. An abundant supply of timber- all hardwoods - from the rainforests. At least some of the rainforests are being managed on a sustained yield basis, and Sale is optimistic about being able to increase the proportion of high grade timber trees by planting after selective cutting in the natural forests. Sale was in Nigeria and Mauritius before coming to Trinidad. Knows Willan, who is now Conservator in Nyasaland. According to Murray of Dept. of Agriculture, the bulk of agricultural products produced for export is grown by big planters. But there are many peasant farmers cultivating from 1/2 to 3 acres without even a mule. They work the land with digging hoes, and grow mostly sugarcane. There is no system at all to peasant farming. Cane is commonly retcouned for 10 years, until the soil is practically exhausted. Water buffalo are used in cultivation of the rice fields. Citrus fruits are grown on heavy clayey soils; sour orange is used for budding stock. We saw extensive citrus (grapefruit & orange) plantings in the narrow Santa Cruz valley. The groves did not look very well: the ground covered with grass and weeds and the trees blackish with smut and not well pruned. Small plantation crops include coffee (mostly robusta), and tonka bean (used for flavoring tobacco). Over one-third of Trinidad's half million of population is classed as negro, about one-third is East Indian (British India). There are numerous Chinese, in business as merchants and small traders. The small white population includes French and Spanish elements, besides British. Trinidad is going through a period post-war inflation and living costs are said to be very high, at least for people who live in European style. For example, eggs imported from Canada sell at $1.40 per dozen, beef and mutton at about $1.20 to $1.40. A great deal of money from the lavish expenditure of U.S. on Army and Navy bases during the war is still in circulation. The oil and sugar industries pay out a lot of money, and the result is inflation, according to Robert Ross, Industrial Adviser to the government. Government laborers, who before the war earned 40 or 50 cents a day, now draw $1.70. The colored people look well fed and they are reasonably well