"I am told that one of these lie change into shales a sandstone either in Kansas or in southern Oklahoma. [illegible] the Grant is probably the least persistent as it is about 40 miles long from N. to S. The whole of this Penns. sedimentation is that of a dry shallow sea. Shale predominates, and the sandstones which fine grains are more or less muddy and often ripple (cross- ripple) and iron tracted. The lie appears always to be non- crystalline and muddy. Bergen says that he has seen some excavity in some of the sandstone. The material came from the southeast (Arkansas) but much must have come in from the old level of northern Kansas and Colorado. Ogallala would have furnished but little,