than quarters of a mile to the next river bench. Here too the soil is dark and heavy in the main of St. Lawrence River but there is some altrios sand and many large crystalline gloacial boulders scattered in. Going up this river once the soil becomes thinner and more sandy with more smaller boulders among more or less angular are broken. It is near here that the Laurentian rocks begin. It is now clear from the lay of the Ordovician rocks that the Laurentians came recently broken through them. From their top have long since been stripped the Ordovician beds. The river terraces are very plain along the northern shore and must extend up to at least 400 feet above the present level of the St. Lawrence. Opposite on the island of Orleans they are not so plain.