on top and under thrusting as in the case of India under the Himalayas as that of Scotland (Eire). All the drag through Euro-Asia in the main the trend lines are from the West to the East. In general the movements are from the southern hemis- phere to the northern one but there are also opposi- te ones from the north. This conclusion is that the north hemisphere a southern hemisphere has moved north as is shown in the equatorial trending lines especially of Europe between America. Also that there has been spreading of the oceanic mass laterally forcing up the ends of the lands. It is this secondary movement that has led back the lines in the Lesser Antilles are in the eastern and western ends of Tethys. To bring out these conclusions once strongly he took a North Pole projection and drew all Hoell the high land elements are the trend lines. From this it was shown that the 12 nuclei of the Northern Hemisphere are the off- shore deep seated roots and that these masses have long remained immobile. Against these have been joined the lands for the south. Pendulum swinging has now clearly shown that the oceanic masses are from 3 to 4 percent less in