ing. Same in British Antilles. Middle and Early Oligocene the wide spread of deposits of the American tropical region. European Hummalids appear in this fauna. Otherwise the fauna is mainly American. Sargoy has shown that Med. Echinids are Pallescea have slowly travelled from Europe by a shallow sea north (: Sandwma) to Ameri- can. At this time North and South America are widely separated. Elevation he thinks set in midday and that the bridge was estab- lised during Miocene time for in the Floridan Pliocene are found S. American Slegyrodots. After the Miocene elevation he thinks there was some dividing in Pliocene time for faunas of this time are again found in the Tehuacan- tecos region. But this dividing was probably not more to try on complete knowledge of the bridge. The recent work of the Olfatores in the Pacific off the coast of S. and N. America shows among the deep sea molluscs that they are archaic in character but nothing is more or ancient as ours expected by the older Aganij, Further that there was a migration from the south.