Ecology has been long been a no. Von Humboldt - 1800 approx - Cosmos. 1895 Warming - Danish. First text - 1. Climatic factors etc - (attention focused on on small area) 1898 - Schimper, A.F.W. Plant Geography on a physiological basis. Made an attempt to tie up world vegetation with Phytogeography of Nebraska 1898 - work engineered by students at Nebraska - Pound & Clements - always concerned with water - patterns in soil etc worked with grasses - detail analysis & grass land - stressed importance of statistics. Natural since grasses are so small - Analysis not so important in forests - Cordes - at Chicago - 1898 worked at land & severe erosion & deposites, on boundary between grass & forest - was impressed with physiographic change - modifications caused by 1. wind 2. water 3. Time.