Thompson 439 Grand Canyon March 16, 1934. Today, Brooks and I drove over much of the area within the new fence which circles the village site, running from the south boundary east about 7 miles from the village and west about an equal distance. This will totally exclude domestic stock from an area (I estimate) to be about 45 sq. miles. Brooks has dug 8 waterholes and plans to do about 8 more. There are so far within the fence. He contemplates constructing some outside. Water run-off is uncertain & usually slight in this region. Lack of transpiring within these ponds may allow water to seep away for the first few years. There are major four factors to induce deer to remain in the parks, South Rim: 1. waterholes in an arid region. 2. improving a fenced range. 3. hunting outside & protection inside. 4. salting Locally (at the village) there is feeding of hay & grain, and the remnants of the tame herd imported & rearing its young each year in the vicinity.