L.25, P. 9 beyond it the river again comes up against peneplain, here clothed with mixed tree savanna and rain forest. The inside of the bend is a welter of mangrove trees and fringes of nipa. Two thirds of the way down the N-S stretch and on the left the river again touches peneplain. I went ashore here (C). A single river terrace some ten feet above high water and the level ground fifteen feet higher. Tree savanna one hundred yards back from the river. A small gulley bearing SW showed massive limestone in its bed about six feet below peneplain level. Between savanna and water good gallery forest formation with a lot of dwarfed bamboo on terrace. The bend from N-S to NE-SW is caused by the river again striking the peneplain. Here I landed again, finding two distinct river terraces, one five feet, the other fifteen feet above water level. The peneplain heavily forestedforested. Several old, nearly disintegrated blocks of limestone on surface of peneplain; ome pebbles of laterite (?) on upper terrace. From the water the junction of this piece of forest with the last place at which I landed could be seen behind a rather deep, mangrove-filled bay. The inside of this bend (on the right bank of river) was a dense tangle of mangrove. Also the inside of the next bend (opposite west Creek is the same. Nipa appears sporadically. There is far more mangrove. The ridge just north of West creek, which turns the river S is also densely forested. It is in that forest I have the steel-trap boys working at present. Interpretation of all this is the main problem. I can't help thinking that my supposed peneplain with rivers etched into it is somewhere near the right answer. The valleys are usually two or three times as wide as the water filled beds today, the parts now not occlupied by river being filled up with ooze or silt on which the tangle of mangroves is found. Water cutting brings slow changes in the bed, cutting in one place, deposition in another. This brings one to question the rate of cutting in an estuarine river, and in rivers whose bottoms and sides are formed of the softest slimiest, non-abrasive lime-mud or clay-mud. Maximum tidal current reached is one to two miles per hour., and all the way along (except at a few corners where maximum wear is taking place now) the action of the water is slowed down by the roots of mangroves and nipa palms. Have noticed a few small sink-holes here and there. Temperatures: min. 23½ c., max. 33 c. Showers in p.m. but clear tonight. Sat. Dec. 19. No rain last night. In evening I shot three bats: two Pipistrellus and one new to the camp with red fur, a Vespertilionid. Unfortunately I blew the last all to bits. However have saved enough to show the head and ears, one wing complete, both hindlegs and tail with the interfemoral membrane. So I think even if I never get another that I'll be able to identify it. The skull is almost intact. It's rare, or I would not have taken so much trouble with it. This morning the trappers brought in three Rattus ringens, and two more white-bellied Melomys, of which I had so far only one from this camp. The steel trap boys brought back two scrub hens. This morning by dinghy up the Togi Kussa (the SW branch) for a couple of loops. Strong tide with me going and against returning. River goes first S, and then W. Landed at the upper end of the west reach (left bank), where river cuts against it and exposes the limestone beds. These nearly except at east end of fifty yards exposure where they begin to dip E very slightly. The exposure looks like the ? half of a very slight anti- cline. Brought back one specimen of the rock. On top the peneplain was only some twenty feet above river and clothed with tree savanna with a plentiful mixture of dwarfed bamboo instead of gallery forest. Mapped the river. Weather overcast all day. Wind SE. This area is singularly clear of pests: No leeches, no scrub itch, but some sandflies (punkies) at dawn and dusk. Of course the darned yellow-bellied houseflies are everywhere.