Thursday jan 1971 January 64. Big Thoro ngo Reserve, thoro ngo Valley San Bernardino Co, California. Elevation ft. July 25 Valley. Take on the east side of Town is the Nature Conservancy (Cmnt) Big Thoro ngo Reserve. I spent from 08:15 to 11:15 on the re- serva property. I walked Cottonwood, Willows, Old House, and parts of Desert Wash and Canyon Trails. Weather was clear & warm, ~ 5-10 mph NW breezes ~ a few periods of calm, particularly when birds circled. Temperature 80° -95°F. With a few exceptions, (Coate, towhee) birds were already very quiet. Riparian areas here are fed by the surface appearance of Big Thoro ngo Creek, which arises from subsurface flow on the property. There are also said to be a few springs arising on the property & contributing to the creek's flow. There are scattered large old cottonwoods to ~4 ft dbh, many to 3 ft dbh, but most of the riparian foresting canopy trees are willows. Many of these are 15-24" dbh. The understory is rich and varied, ~ lots of weeds and some cryptowillow. There are a few ashes, but I didn't see a single large tree. In places where there were small marshes, Scirpus & Typha grew in dense stands. In some places they grew as under-story to the willows, as did Equisetum. The Desert Wash trail was dominated by Desert Willow & mesquite, with Opuntia, greases and some Tamarix scattered in. Upward benches to the N and E were not explored, but these Red Joshua Tree, creosote bush, sotillo, more Opuntia & lots of other plants din there. Canyon Trail was like the riparian trails except the riparian canopy was less continuous. There were also a couple large oaks at one locality. The whole green belt was about 100