Koford 116 Cynomy s ludovicianus May 19, 1955 Wind Cave Nat'l park, S. Dakota. One group of 5 young, however, Many high population density along foot of surrounding steeper slopes. At 5. side, dogs had crossed over a rounded crest & were walking strongly on an upper slope. I think that steeper slopes like this (15+%) would not be sites of start of colony, but are used in process involving new areas slowly by gradual modification of environment. Prairie dogs have high capacity for local modification of environment. Cole said some stop at 5. of this ridge in 1947. This is first year he has seen grass on lower part colony now display sign at road. 1) Bichatar - greatest activity may be in summer when many young prairie dogs & many young C.L. This has effect that winter prairie dogs that prevents breeding, but cutting down of young probably prevents population pressure that would cause spread. 2) No water in Nolichucky Dam last 2 years. Then, few buffaloes show now + less damage to vegetation. Buffaloes apparently stay near water & graze heavily near it, little away from it (Cole). 3) Sanctuary tour is at edge of area that was family game sanctuary. Cattle taken out only a few years ago. Cattle had used land heavily. Cattle's Appearance is bare soil evenly dotted with C.L. mounds. Some C.L. very tame & allow approaches (foot to 50') in car to 10 ft. Much shot Cetivisius fugida on ground here where C.L. active. 4) Sylvan Town of interest or separated from all others in head of narrow strip of grass between pines. The about 1/4 bare ground in main portion. Low density dogs. Some burrows 200yds. up draw toward grassy meadow evidently suitable for C.L., but there shows no sign recent use. Most of burrows on steeper slopes (10%) show no recent use. Elk & Bison herd & twelve here, some buffaloes rolling spots with hair.