3/65. Gymnogyps californianus June 13, 1946 Hopper Canyon, Calif. facing downhill, 2 or 3 turkey vultures swooping, back forth over them. 11:35, at least 4 vultures the ground by carcass - they scrambled with me another but cadra paid no attention. 11:40, an adult & min. standing by carcass, 7 other imm. 10' away; 3 turkey vultures standing 5' from cadra - adult taking an occasional bite of calf, apparently at belly. 11:46, 2 ad., 3 imm., 1 seem 2 2 turk. milt. at calf - only 1 adult apparently feed- ing. 11:49, another adult alighted 5' from calf, then 3+ other cadra nearby. Another min., the adult, about 11:50 1/2. One min., pecked at another & it recoiled, flopping. 11:52, an adult took off downhill & collided with another soaring seat - the second landed, dropping 10'. 11:54, about 9 cadra around the carcass but not over 2 feeding. One min. landed 100' uphill & walked down to carcass. One min. took off downhill. 11:56, an adult landed 30' uphill from bait. One min. flew twice at another, driving it back. 11:58, at least 10 cadra standing around & obscuring carcass from my sight, but 1 or 2 occasionally feeding. One tugged, raising a hind leg of calf, 6+ successive times about one tug per sec. 12:00 - the leg given 11 similar tugs. One adult flew at another, again & again. The attacked one hopped