Sparring. lessons in self-defense at unexpected intervals. Bb and Nb record. Range of audibility. As About 4:30 P.M. Nb was in the shrubbery at the oval lawn. The tip of his tail could be seen moving rhythmically, but no sound could be heard 25 feet away. It was necessary to move up to within about 12 feet before it could be heard at all. Bb again goes to nest 6. About 5 P.M. Bb, after being repulsed by B, went up to nest No. 6, picked oak leaves out of it, rearranged individual fibres of the soap-root lining, then settled in it comfortably. He was still lying in it when we left. (G.K.D. present). B's ½ song. Brownie, later, came over near the magpie cage where I was giving a lizard to the road-runner, lay on the ground and gave a series of repetitions of the russet-backed thrush song threaded into his quarter song. B's "camel- moult". The feathers on his flanks are hanging down in masses, irresistibly reminding me of the shedding camels seen in a tea caravan out of Peking, June (?) 1902. July 22nd. Early morning full song. Quite a lot of early morning full thrasher song was heard between 5:30 and 8 A.M. from various points near the house--author (B sus- ppected) unknown. B's training of Nb in self- reliance. About 9, B in the glade, insisted on feeding Bb himself, then rammed a billful of worms down Bb's throat, pulled them out again and knocked Bb down, chasing him away 10 feet. During this action the worms were scattered. B gathered them all up again, ran at Bb swiftly, "wiped" the worms across his face, then ran back to me, look- ing up at me, still holding the worms. Again he ran at Bb, but this time gave him the worms, then knocked him down, provoking Bb to attack him in turn. There was a spirited skirmish from which Brownie retreat Bb counter attacks.