sheep per hectare in good parts; one estancia (Brown-Monander) with 900,000 has then flew back to Bariloche. The climate throughout the trip was much milder than I had expected, especially in Tierra del Fuego, and the vegetation in most regions was much better for grazing than in the Bariloché area. The big ranchers north of the mountains in Tierra del Fuego used myrmecophytes on the cattle, with great success. Throughout southern Patagonia, Chile, and Argentina, we saw many areas with dead Nothofagus. Some were clearly the result of fires, and some just overmature stands without reproductive perhaps because of grazing. One man said the large girdle some, especially in winter. One report in Ushuaia said that they were attacked by 2 kinds of fungi that turned the wood to powder. The lenga and the coihue (N. betuloides) are used to some extent for lumber but obviously are not highly prized. From Lizarzabale et al 1986 Phytos 44:66: In the year 1982 at Ushuaia the mean temp was 26.0° (in January) and the minimum -9.6° (in July). Max in July was +9.0°. Precipitation ranged from 6.7 mm in December to 84.7 mm in October.