SP Nuyers 1973 Journal July 30 cont’d 420 Km W of Via Hayes by road, Dept. Boqueron, Paraguay. Small down sized woodpeckers (of ladder back style) were in cactus — the cactus — a cylindropuntia according Phil — is common here, growing to 20’ and in places quite close together. The woods here is continuous (as opposed to at Chanute when it was interspersed with palm swamp) and much thicker. More succulents and many more spined species of plant. It is very difficult to move through without machete or previously made trail. The wild pineapple is less dense where it occurs. Most of the trees are lower but dispersed amongst the dominant scrub are large (30-40’) trees which may be Palo Santo. Crested hornbills are common and quite visible along the trans-chaco. Also there are 2 species of saltator. One — probably a buff throated saltator. Trans-chaco highway 420 Km W — 475 Km W, Dept Boqueron, Paraguay. Drove from mid morning through to early afternoon. Passed through F. (adelfia) and stopped there for supplies. Laughing falcon few km E of F. adelfia. Again, I recorded more parakeet flock size. Temp rose to 31°C. Clear, strong wind picked up out of W. 475 Km W of Via Hayes by road, Dept. Boqueron Paraguay. Chose campsite by road. No water but there are dried tajamaras nearby. Some mosquitoes, many flies and stinger bees. Clouding up. Saw a crimson headed woodpecker working over one of the large trees (35’) nearby. The forest here is very similar to that at 420 Km, except for the increased diversity of cactus and spined plants. Some of them are really quite vicious. There is one common one which spreads across the ground in large patches: one by camp is 8’x4’ but less than 4” high. Leaves are oblong 5cm long, narrow and flat. Spines