dressed in tight sheepskin jackets. Hookworm and fever are also diseases which have followed the Kanaka trails even up to this altitude. The village is organized under the leadership of a chieftain, or Kukerai. In this case he is a very old man of about seventy, and is unable to converse in the simple yeas and nays of Pidgon English. Under him is the village doctor, or medical Tul Tul. It is the duty of the medical Tul Tul to conduct the severely ill members of the village over the trails to Kieta and to administer to the wants of the less seriously ill in the village. His experience in medical matters is obtained by assisting for three months in the "House Sick" at Kieta. Some of the larger villages have a second Tul Tul, who acts as an interpreter for the government patrol. The village Kukerai is expected to have the gardens of his village in a constant state of cultivation, and the responsibility of providing against dearth and famine rest upon his shoulders. It is he, as well, who leads the taxpaying members of the village once a year to the House Paper in Kieta, and upon paying his toll to the government, makes a report to the Kieppe on the affairs of his village, the deaths, births, marriages, state of the garden, amount of money earned by the men of the village, the names and number of the men who are absent from the village on plantations, etc. The effect of the plantation on the welfare of the bush village is the foremost problem in Bougainville.