Lae-Goroka At 2:20 (108 miles, 1500 ft.), having forded the main Markham (wide gravelly bed, little water) we came to "Water Rice", a small, clear, deeply entrenched permanent stream at the foot of the mountains on the south side of the valley. The Gusep road goes on up the valley and across the imperceptible grassy divide into the upper Ramu valley from here. A government resthouse here; several other thatched houses which would seem to have been occupied by Europeans at some time, and a small trade store in charge of a native. A dump of 50-gal. aviation fuel drums; they are brought from a wartime dump at Gusep, thousands being used by govt. for road culverts, etc. Private contractors get 15/- per drum for transport Gusep to Goroka. Bought here for a few shillings enough betelnut to last our boys for two months -- if it will keep that long. Leaving Water Rice at 3 o'clock we crossed less than a mile of level ground and in 15 minutes (113 miles) started the climb to Kassam Pass. Slopes mostly very steep. Forest comes low in the narrow valley (later gorge) we followed. Scattered Araucaria klinkii, the first appearing in the gully at 2400 ft. Slopes a little less steep after 3350 ft. Came out on a kunai spur at 3400 ft. and there started a big climb. At 3:30 (116 miles, 3800 ft.) stopped to photograph the Markham-Ramu Divide - in plain view below but perhaps too much haze for a usable picture. Two grass houses here. Castanopsis prominent in forest (other trees not recognizable). An untimed stop of 10-15 minutes. At 3:55 (118 miles, 4750 ft.) a road camp of three grass houses; 2 boy's houses in good repair, a former European-occupied small house which could be made habitable with a little work. Slopes generally steep, but a short term camp could be made here. Top of the Kassam reached at 4:10 (118 miles, 4900 feet). Good tall forest with Castanopsis and oaks prominent. Down the inland slope about a mile clear creek offers a good camp spot at 4500 ft. All tall forest back along the road, edge of the great grasslands of the highlands just ahead. At 4:20 (120 miles, 4500 ft.) reached Kassam Base Camp of Public Works Dept. Extensive thatched camp and storage sheds. the house of a police sergeant (native), and a good, small European-type house said to be occupied only occasionally these days. Met Eddie Collins, brother of John, here, loading drums on a truck for Goroka. The place would make a well placed, very comfortable camp for us. Solid forest on the Markham Divide side of the clear-running creek, hilly grassland on the inland side. Continued on out over the grassy highlands after a 20-minute stop. Passed through Arona livestock station an 5:10 (129 miles, 4350 feet). Road lined with red cordylines, Klondyke Cosmos, etc. Much lateritic soil beyond Arona. Climbing a forested divide between Arona and Aiyura, we ran the gas tank dry and refuelled from one of the drums we carried at 5600 ft. Most of the forest primary. Casta- nopsis and other logs, in short lengths, stacked along roadside (cut months ago for the Summer Linguistics Institute at Aiyura, and some beginning to decay). Top of divide at 5800 ft.; Nothofagus recognized in the tall forest; 6 o'clock. Stopped at Govt. Experiment Station 5 minutes past the summit and only a little below it. Called on A.J. (aub) Schindler, officer in charge. Big genial man, pleasant wife, several small children, and numerous large, friendly dogs. A quonset hut, presently occupied by an entomologist, would probably be available for our use in September. Schindler mentioned good forest on the Karanka Road, which branches from the main road back towards Arona. An area of 4500 acres Notho- fagus forest about 2 hours walk from Aiyura.