August 1853 South Atlantic Ocean. 14th S. Lat. 7° 16' W. Lon. 30° 31' Wind S.E. Av. Rate 6 knots. S The officer of the deck reported seeing many flying fish and some petrels. What the birds could have been I cannot imagine, not having seen them. 15th S. Lat. 9° 40' W. Lon. 31° 55' Wind S.E. Av. 6 knots. 16th S. Lat. 11° 51' W. Lon. 33° 17' Wind S.E. Av. 5 k. A sail in sight. 17th S. Lat. 14° 03' W. Lon. 34° 11' Wind S.E. Av. 6 k. 18th S. Lat. 16° 33' W. Lon. 35° 02' Wind S.E. Av. 7 k. 19th S. Lat. 18° 57' W. Lon. 35° 57' East Wind - 6 knots. Soundings for temperature were taken today. In this I was much interested as it has the closest relations with the vertical distribution of the floating animals. It is only necessary to consider the fact that very many species appear at the surface only after nightfall, to see this relation clearly. The water at the surface is on an average two degrees colder during the night than in the daytime. The experiment of today shows that with a surface temperature of 74½°, the temperature at 100 fathoms is 71°; that at 460 fathoms 46°. Thus the temperature decreases in an increasing rate as August 1853 South Atlantic Ocean the depth increases - at least as far as 460°. So that a temperature of two degrees lower than that at the surface will probably attain at a depth of about 75 fathoms; and if it is uniformity of temperature that the floating animals seek in avoiding the surface during the day, they must descend every morning to a depth of seventy-five fathoms to enjoy a temperature equaling that which they find at the surface during the night. But it is probably that the effect of light has much greater weight in the connection than that of Temperature. 20th S. Lat. 21° 32' W. Lon. 36° 56' Wind E. Av. 7 k. 21st S. Lat. 24° 22' W. Lon. 38° 00' Wind C Av. 8 km. S Sunday - Divine Service held. Mr J. D. Stuart officiating. 22nd S. Lat. 26° 48' W. Lon. 39° 53' Wind N.E. Av. 5 k. 23rd S. Lat. 28° 13' W. Lon. 40° 57' Wind N.E Av. 6 k. The first Cape pigeons (Procellaria Capensis) were seen today. They were few in number and remained far astern, seldom venturing near the ship.