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19 Pages
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LESSON V. Write one page of mm, setting eight of them on a line. Write eight lines on a page, leaving two spaces between the lines. Do you all understand what is meant by a space? Well, take care of the spaces. A little care will prevent mistakes. LESSON VI. Write one page of oo, setting about eighteen of them on a line, and joining them together by a waving hair stroke. Most letters are formed of straight and curved lines combined. The o is formed of curved lines only, a curved shade on the left, and a curved hair line on the right. It is commenced and finished at the top. It forms a part of c, d, g, and q. LESSON VII. Write one page of ce; drawing about twenty-two of them on a line. This letter is of an oval form, like the o, and should, in coarse hand, be commenced and finished at the top. LESSON VIII. The size of the mm in this lesson, is only two spaces. Draw about twelve of them on a line, and write ten lines on a page, leaving two spaces between the lines. Draw the parts of m equi-distant; slope them alike, and join them near the bottom. LESSON IX. Write ten lines on a page of this lesson, taking care to draw word under word, in regular columns. Perpendicular ruled lines, lightly drawn with a pencil, will assist you in preserving this regularity of columns. Form the dot over t by a circular movement of the pen, rather than by a sudden pressure. LESSON X. Write seven lines of gg on a page, leaving one space between the lines. Draw about twenty of them on a line. Count off five spaces for the length of g; and set a small dot in the margin, at the bottom of the fifth space, then draw the first letter on the line, down as far as the dot, then the whole line may be written without making mistakes in the length. If necessary, let this be done at the begin- ning of every line of long letters. Make the loops of gg two spaces and a half long. LESSON XI. Write seven lines of pp on a page, drawing the stem five spaces long, and leaving one space between the lines. Write about twenty of them on a line, joining them together. If you can make a good p, you can make a good h. Almost all the small manuscript letters in the alphabet, are formed by combining in various ways, six or seven characters, or first principles. LESSON XII. Write seven lines of yy on a page, leaving one space between the lines. Draw about twenty of them on a line; make the loops two spaces and a half long. The last part of y is the same as the last part of g; and the lower or main part of f. LESSON XIII. Write ten lines, or a page of this lesson, taking care to draw word under word, in regular columns. The top, or point of short s, is carried a little higher than the other short letters. The dot or bulb of s should be set on the hair line, like the copy, with the hair line running through the centre. The bulb, or last part of r, should be made light and delicate. Young writers generally make the bulb of r, t, m, and b, too coarse and clumsy. LESSON XIV. Write the words ammunition and examination, so as to fill a line with the two-words; allowing half an inch for an outer margin, and the same for an inner margin. The coarse part of x is like the last part of n, except it is not made so sloping. Or x made with dots and bulbs, is like c joined to an inverted e. LESSON XV. Write eight lines of this lesson on a page, drawing word under word, in regular columns. Make t three spaces, and b, d, and f, four spaces in length. The last part of h should be written with great care. LESSON XVI & XVII. Write four pages of capitals; two pages of the first line, or sixteenth lesson, and two pages of the second line, or seventeenth lesson. Write ten lines on a page, leaving one space between the lines. The learner, in order to render the capitals easy, and execute them correctly, should, before he begins to write them, take a pen without ink in it, and run over each capital, a dozen times or more, and accustom his hand to touch lightly with the pen where the hair lines are, and give a gradual waving and curving pressure on the shades, or coarse marks. Hair lines should be made with the right corner of the pen. Coarse marks should be made by an equal pressure on both teeth of the pen, and without painting or daubing. LESSON XVIII. Write one page of figures. Set fourteen lines on a page, leaving one space between the lines. LESSON XIX. Write a page of the word compliment, drawing eight lines on a page, writing it twice on a line, and leaving three spaces between the lines. LESSON XX. Write a page of the word implement, observing the foregoing rule. Finally, write a page of each remaining lesson, and your book will be filled. Do not hurry over these lessons, but write them with great care, so that when this book is finished, you may be prepared to write Book Second. Be careful to make every letter, whether long or short, of the same length, size, shape, and slope as your copy. In a word—imitate your copy.
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12 2-5 Aquilegia canadensis m 100 vulgaris Je 14 Silig Arabis canadensis 119 5 Pen Aralia hispida Je 44 nodicaulis m 48 tracemosa Je 44 10 Mon A. tritus uva ursi m 78 17 Aeg. Arctium lappa Au 145 18 mon Arthusa bulbosa Je 151 12 Argemone mexicana, albiflora J 97 11 2-5 Aronia arbutilfolia m 87 melanocarpa m 92 botryapium Ap 90 17 Sup Artemisia abrotanum 143 absynthium 159 19 Pol Arum triphyllum M 159 18 Dodec Asarum canadense m 151 5 Dig Asclepias tetiliflora quadrifolia m 47 incarnata J 54 obtusifolia Je 38 phytolaccoides Je 47 syriaca Je 51 6 Mon Asparagus officinalis Je 60 17 Sup. Aster chinensis 147 conyzoides J 145 ymbosus Au 143 punicens Au-N 136 16 Dec Astragalus canadensis J 129 3 Dig Avena sativa J 16 10 Mon Baptisia tinctoria J 68 14 Silig. Barbarea vulgaris M 116 4 Mon Bastonia tenella Ap 30 17 Sup Bellis perennis 145 6 Mon Berberis vulgaris, canad. M 60 5 Dig Beta vulgaris Au 39 19 Pol. Betula lenta m 161 populifolia J 157 17 Frus Bidens cernua Au 139 pendosa J 2-5 Borago officinalis 51 21 Fil Botrycium virginicum 176 14 Silig Brassica oleracea 119 rapa 17 Sup Caecalia coccinea 141 Nec. Calendula officinalis 138 18 mon Calopogon pulchellus J 149 12 Pol Caltha palustris m 94 5 Mon Campanula amplexicaulis Je 47 agarinoides Je 40 medium Au 34 rotundifolia Je 20 Pen Cannabis sativa Au 169 5 Mon Capsicum annuum Au 39 14 Silig. Cardamine pennsylvanica M 115 17 Aeg. Carthamus tinctorius Je 145 5 Dig Carum carvi 56 19 Pol. Corys alba Au 166 porcina m 161 10 Mon Cassia marilandica Au 82 19 Pol. Castanea vesca, americana Je 157 5 Mon Cleothus americanus Je 54 sclerostis scandens Je 37 17 Frus Centaurea cyanus Je 140 suaveolens 142 4 Mon Cephalanthus occidentalis J 30 10 Pen cerastium hirsutum m 82 ereaifolium M 81 12 Pol Chelodonium majus M 85 13 Ang. Chelone glabra J 112 5 Dig Chenopodium album J 38 lotry Je 53 XXXXXXXXX 14 Silig Cleome grandiflora 61 17 Sup Cithera palmifolia Au 31 Chrysanthemum carinatum Au 147 coronarium m 136, 147 leucantherium Je 135, 139
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17 Sup. Chrysanthemum leucinum 138 " " posthenium 146 8or10 Dig. Chrysophyllum ofportfolium 68,84 5 " Cicuta bellerus maculata 56 " " [illegible] 2 Mon Circaea alpina 4 " " luteiana, canad. 4 5 " Cissus hederacea 42 8 " Clorkeia pulchella 69 " " alba 5 " Glatoria spatulata 45 12 Pol Clematis virginiana 94 17 AEq. Crucius alissimus 146 " " arvensis 143 " " lanceolatus 140 14 Silic Cochlearia armoracia 115 19 Tri. Comptonia asplenifolia 157 5 Dig Conium maculatum 49 6 mo Corallaria biflora 62 " " bifolia " " racemosa " " umbellata 5 " [illegible] 141 " " Convulus sepium 49 12 Pol Ooptis trifolia 36 18 mon Coralorhiza odontorhiza 153,155 " " verna 153 17 Frus Coreopsis tinctoria 145 4 Mon Cornus circinata 32 " " florida 34 " " panienlata 34 " " canadensis 30 16 Hex Corydaliscucularia 132 " " glauca 128 19 Pol. corylus americana 163 11 2-5 Crategus coccinea 92 " " punctata 87 Crepis barbata 144 19 mon Cucumis sativus 158 10 Trig. Cucubulus boken 82 19 Mon Cucumita citrullus 158 " " melopepo 164 " " pepo 5 Dig Cuscata americana 54 18 Dlam Cyprapedium acanle 149 " " pubescens 150 17 Sup. Dahlia superflua 47 11 Pol. Dalibarda fragracides 87 " " repens 88 5 mon Datura stramonium 53 Dig Dancaus corota 45 12 2-5 Delphinium consolida (97) 102 " " alb. 95 " " roseum " " Dicentrius barbatus 85 " " polycapophyllus " " chinensis " " furcatus 5 Mon Diervilla tournefortii 44 13 Ang. Digitalis purpurea 112 8 mon Dirca palustris 08 16 Bee. Dolichos lablab 130 5 Hex. Drosera rotundifolia 44 10 Mon Epigaea repens 75 8 " Epilobrium coloratum, tetragonum 68 " " spicatum 21 Equis Equisetum arvense (fertile) 181 " " hyemale " " sylvaticum 17 Sup Enigeron bolidifolium 141 " " (59. Caenitis) canadense 136 " " letorophyllum 138 " " strigosum 145 19 Fet Eriocarton pellucidum 160 3 Mon Eriphorum angustifolium 16 6 " Epithorium dens canis 59
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12 Eschscholtzia californica 102 " crocea 95 13 Ang. Eucharoma coccinea 110 17 Aeg. Enpatourum perfoliatum 137 19 mon. Euphorbia lathyrus 160,164 " maculata 167 5 " Entoca viscosa 51 19 Pol. Fagus sylvatica m 165 11 " Fragaria virginiana m 90 20 Dian. Frasimus acuminate m 171 16 Hex. Humaria officinalis Je 128 8 mon. Huschia magellanica 69 13 Gym. Galeopsis Tetrahit J 116 4 mon. Salium lanceolatum J 32 " " trifidum J 30 " " triflorum J 32 10 " Gaultheria procumbens g 78 5 Dig. Sentara crinita g 42 " " saponaria g 15 Dec. Geranium dissectum Robertianum 125 " " maculatum 123 13 Ang. Gerardia pedicularia 108 " " Taraxifolia purpurea Au 11 Pol. Geum rivale m 90 " " strictum Je 5 mon. Gillia tricolor 51 3 " Gladiolus ensiformis 14 13 Gym. Skechoma hedracea M 110 17 Sup. Smaphalium dioicum Je 138 " " margaritaceum J 137 " " plantagineum " " polycephalum " " vilginosum 5 mon. Somphraena globosa Au 53 18 " Godjera pubescens M 153 6 Trig. Syronia virginica M 64 221 4 225 18 mon Habernaria dilatata 151 " " fimbriata J 153 " " herbiola J " " incisa 149 " " macrophylla 151 " " orbiculata 155 " " psyeodes Je 150,151 De 4 Dig. Hamamelis virginica 30 2 mon Hedema pulgoides 4 16 Dec Hedysarum canadense? 133 " " nudiflorum J 131 " " paniculum! J 133 " " viridiflorum Au 130 12 Pol Helianthemum canadense Ged 150 " " compositum 17 Frust. Helianthus decaploius Am 136 12 Pol. Hepatica triloba, acuta J 96 " " obtusa 100 17 Aeg. Hiesacium Gronovii 135 " " kalniii " " paniculatum " " praxataurum " " venosum 4 mon Horstonia cerulea 30 20 Pen Humulus lupulus Am 171 5 Dig. Hydrocotyle americana Je 36 12 2-5. Hypericum canadense Jee 94 " " galoides " " perforatum " " quinquenervium 6 mon Hypoxis erecta 66 13 Gym Hyssopus officinalis J 112 14 mm Iberis amara 117 " " umbellata 5 " Impatiens balaaminea 40 " " fulva " " pallida 5-1 17 Sub Inula Helenium 266 6 262 140
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3 Mar Iris versicolor, vulgata 4 " Ionardia palustris 19 Pol Juglans cinerea 6 Mon Juncus effusus 20 " Juniperus, communis, depressa (staminata) " " virginiana 10 Mar Kalmia augustifolia " " latifolia 17 Aeg. Irgia virginica 17 Aeg. Lactuca elongata " " sativa 16 Dec. Lathyrus odoratus coeruleus! 9 Mon Lamius Bergian " " Sassafras 15 Pol Lavatera trimestris, alba " " rubra 17 Aeg. Leontodon Taraxacum b Mon Leontice thalictroides 13 Gym Leonurus cardiaca 14 Elic Lepidium sativum " " virginicum 16 Dec Lespedeza frutescens " " hirta, " " seniflora 17 Aeg. Liatris scariosa 6 Mon Lilium candidense " " Philadelphianum " " tigrinum 4 " Linnea borealis 5 Pent Linum usitatissimum " " virginianum " Mon Lobelia cardinalis " " inflata " " nuttallii " Lonicera perfoliara " " sempervirens? 16 Dec Lupinus albus " " crnikshankii " " hispidus " " perennis 6 Mon Luzula campestris 21 Lycop. Lycopodium annotinum " " clavatum " " complanatum " " dendroidem " lucidum. 5 Mon Lycopsi anversis 2 " Lycofus europaeus " " virginicus 5 " Lyginachia ciliata " " quadrifolia " " stricta 18 Mon Malaxis lilifolia " (S.S. Microstylis) ophioglossoides 15 Pol Mallow crispa " " rotundifolia 13 Gym Marrubium vulgare " Aug. Moraynia proboscidea " Melampyrum lineare 16 Dec Melilotus vulgaris 13 Gym Malissar effiminatum " Mentha borealis " piperita " variels " Aug. Mimulus ringens 5 Mon Mirabilis jalapa 4 Mitchella repens 10 Big. Mitella diphylla 19 mon Momordica Echinata 10 " Monotropa hypopitys " " uniflora 19 Tet mion, alba " " moretri 20 Tri Myrica gale
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6 mon Narcissus poeticus 59 " " pseudo-narcissus m 64 18 " Neottia cernua Au 169 " " tortilis je 128 13 Syn Nepeta cataria 106 5 mon Nicotiana tabacum 47 12 2-5 Nigella damascena 95 " mon Nymphaea advena j 75 " " Nymphaea odorata j 96 20 Pen Nymphaea villosa (pistillata) 1771 " " " " (staminata) 8 mon Oenothera biennis je 68 " " chrysantha je 66 " " grandiflora 74 " " lindleyana 69 " " minima 68 21 Filic Ormoclea sensibilis je 179 18 mon Orchis tridentata je 149 13 Aug. Orobanche uniflora je 112 21 Filic Osminda cinnamomea je 175 " " interrupta je " " regalis je 19 Pol Istma virginica m 167 10 Pen Orchis strata j 80 " acetosella j 62 8 mon Oxycoccus macrocarpus je 68 5 Dig Panax trifolius (pistil) 36 " " (stam.) 36 3 " Panicum crassgalli j 18 " latifolium je 24 12 mon Papaver rhoeas je 104 " somniferum je 5 Tet Passonia caroliniana J 36 " Dig Pastinaca sativa Au 42 13 Ang Pedicularis canadensis M 180 10 Pen Penthorum sedoides J 80 5 mon Petunia vittiginiflora 362 10 3 mon Petunia phoenicia 47 3 Dig Phalaris americana, picta 16 " " canariensis 20 16 Dec Phaseolus nanus 128 3 Dig Phleum pratense 18 5 mon Phlox drummondii 41 " " paniculata " " subrilata 45 10 Dec Physalocacca decandra 80 11 mon Philadelphus coronarius 92 19 " Pinus canadensis 167 " " rigida 137 " " strobus 16 Dec Pisum sativum 133 " " " " dumile 133 4 mon Rantago lanceolata 51 " major 30 19 Pol Platanus occidentalis 166 18 mon Pogonia ophioglossoides 149 16 Oct Polygala panicifolia, (alba ?) { 129 " " " " (rubra ?)} 129 " " polygama " " purpurea " " verticillata 8 Tri Polygonum aviculare 70 " convolulus " jagoapyrum " orientale " persicaria " sagittatum " scandens " virginianum 21 Filic Polypodium vulgare ? 179,181 6 mon Portesedia cordata 58 20 Oct. Populus deltata (stam.) 173 " grandidentata (pistil) " tremuloides (20) 12 mon Potulacca oleracea 162 4 Tetr Potamogeton fluitans 30 411
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11. Pol Potentilla argentea 56 " " canadensis 57 " " hisuta 56 " " norvegica " " simplex 90 19 Pol Poterum sanguisorba 166 17 Aeg Premarthes alba 1385- 6 mon Prinos verticillatus 660 13 Gym Brunella vulgaris 166 11 mar Fraxnus domestica 87 " " pennsylvanica 98 " " serotina 92 " " virginiana 86 13 Gym Pycnanthemum lanceolatum 114. 10 mon Syphla rotundifolia 78 " " secunda 82 " " umbellata 78 11 2-5 Pyrus communis 92 " " cydonia 87 " " malus 92 19 Pol Quercus alba 161 " " banisteri 1165- " " coccinea 1661 12 Pol Rammenulus acris 98 " " fascicularis " " recurvatus 98 " " repens " 2-5 Reseda odorata 1104 5 mon Rhannus catharticus 53 14 filig. RhaPhanus sativus, frifonm. 1115- 10 mon Rhododendron nitidum 82 " " multiflorum 78 " Rhodora canadensis 81 5 Tri Rubus copalium 43 " " glabrum 50 " " Vaccodendron sacicams 436 12 52 5 Tri Rubus typhinum 38 " " venius 19 mon Ricinus communis 160 5 " Bites floridanum 36 " rubrum 82 " triflorum 16 Bee Robinia pseudacacia 127 11 Pol Rosa alba 91 " " fragradica " carolina 90 " cinnamomea 91 " damascena 96 " gallica 91 " baccata gemella 90 " porriflora 91 " spinosissima 91 Rubus canadensis 88 " abovatis " occidentalis " odoratus " strigosus " trivalis " villosus 6 Tri Rumex acetosella 61 " crispus 60 " obtusifolius 59 " sanguineus 60 10 mon Ruta graveolens 84 19 Pol Sagittaria sagitlfolia 1579 " " gracilis " hostata 5 Trig Sambucus canadensis 48 " pubescens Dig Sanicula marilandica 36 " Saponaria offiicialis 7.9 12 mon Tanacenia purpurea 96 13 Gymfatureja hstensis 114 10 Dig Saxifraga pennsylvanica 476 12 81.
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10 Dig Solanum virginica 81 4 mon Tabrosa atropurpurea 34 16 Helianthus parthenius 102.8 Schizanthus pinnatus 130 3 mon Senecio tenuis 16 13 Gym Scutellaria galericulata 110 " " latiflora 106 3 Dig Secale cereale 16 10 Pen Sedum ternatum 81 17 Sup Senecio aureus 144 " " hirsutifolius 143 " " obvatus 142 3 Dig Setaria glauca 18 15 Pol. Sida abutilon 123 10 Tri Silene amheria 81 " " pennsylvanica 79 14 Silig. Sinapis alba 116 " " nigra 118 5 Dig Lison aureus 54 4 Silig. Sisymbrium officinale 115 3 mon Sisyrinchium anceps 14 5 Dig Suaeda latifolium 45 20 Hex Suilox peduncularis (pistillate) 169 5 mon Solanum Lyopersicum 53 " " nigrum 52 " " pseudo capsicum 51 " " tuberosum 52 17 Sup Solidago altissima 140 " " bicolor 137 " " x odora 143 " Aeg. Truchus pleuracens 142 11 2-5 Tobus americana 90 17 Sup Solidago latiflora 143 10 Pen Spergula arvensis 80 11 2-5 Spirea salicifolia 86 " " tormentosa 5 mon Spigelia marilandica 39 10 Trig Stellaria lanceolata 79 " " media 82 509 15.524 6 mon Streptopus roseus 63 5 " Symphitum officinale 54 4 " Symplocos fortida 31 2 " Sypinga vulgaris 8 17 Sup. Tagetes erecta 144 " " patula 1338, 147 " " Tanacetum vulgare 142 20 mon Taxis canadensis 170 13 Pol. Thalictrum dioicum 98 5 mon Thesium umbellatum 45 13 Gym Thymus vulgaris 114 10 Dig. Tiarella cordifolia 78 12 mon Tilia glabra 100 3 Dig. Trichodium laxiflorum 24 13 Gym Trichostemma dichotoma 106 7 mon Trientalis americana 66 16 Dec. Tripholium arvense 127 " " pennsylvanicum 130 " " pratense 127 " " procumbens 130, .. " " repens 6 Tri. Trillium erectum 63 " " erythocarp 58 3 Dig. Triticum aestivum 20 8 mon Tropaeolum majus 74 17 Sup. Ursilago porifera 141 19 Tri. Typha latifolia 159 5 Dig. Ulmus americana 39 19 Tet. Utrica dioica 161 6 mon Urularia perfoliata 5-9 " " sessilifolia 67 10 mon Vaccinium corymbosum .. 79 " " prondsum 82 " " pennsylvanicum 84 " " resinorum 82 .. 17 staminenum 60 81
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6 Tri. Veratrum viride 58 6 mon Allium cepa 5 mon Verbascum thapsus 40 5 Dig. Apium petroselinum 13 Ang. Verbena hastata 112 21 Fil Aspidium acrostichoides " " " Alangifolia 114 17 Sup Aster chinensis, var. " " " uticifolia 108 " " linariifolius 2 mon Veronica avensis 4 " " macrophyllus " " peregrina 5 " " multiflorus " " scutellata 6 " " mutabilis " " repullifolia 4 " " recurvatus 5 Tri Viburnum acerifolium 48 19 Betula papyracea " " Piantavides 36 1 Big Betulum virgatum " " lentago 36 21 Fil Botrycicum fumaroides " " folius, roseum 43 " " Alliquum 16 Dec. Vicia sativa 131 1 Dig Galitriche autumnalis 5 mon Villarsia lacunosa 52 " " verna " Vinca minor 49 19 Tri Carex digitalis " Viola Blanda 46 " nigra " " candensis 49 " scalrosa " " cuneolata 46 " scoparia " " lanceolata 45 Celosia cristata, lutea " " muldenburgii 46 mon Cucumis melo " " ovata 46 10 Big Dianthus carophyllus, albus " " pedata " variegatus " " pubescens 40 8 mon Epilobium rosarinifolium " " rotvata 21 Equis. Equisetum arvense (sterile) " " rotundifolia 46 3 mon Erig. horum virginicum " " sagittata 17 Aeg. Eupatorium purpureum " " tricolor " verticillatum Vitis Labrusca (pist) 37 4 mon Galium asprellum " " (stam.) circegens " " vulpina 49 13 Angio Gerardia flava " Hylosterum ciliatum 44 5 mon Gomphrena globosa, alba " " villosum " striata 19 Tri Zea mays 158 17 Frus Helianthus annuus 17 Sup. Leranthemum annum lucidum 144 " tuberosus " Zinnca elegans 146 6 mon Hemerocallis flava " rubra 146 14 Biliq. Hesperis matronalis 614 22 636
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General Remarks. This little work, on Chirography, is comprised in Four Books. Book First is intended for those who are just beginning to write. Book Second is intended for those who have made some progress in writing. The Third and Fourth Books are intended for the higher classes. The copies are designed to be cut out, and used as copy-sheets. Each book is to be filled according to the directions on the cover. The course of lessons in the four books, are such as to conduct the young learner by regular and progressive steps, from the simplest elements, to the more complete part of penmanship; and the style is calculated to lead the pupil into a legible and elegant, as well as expeditious and business-like mode of writing. This work is offered at a price so low, that every child can have it, or, at least, part of it, who is able to purchase a writing book. It may, therefore, be introduced into every school throughout the country. In large schools, it may be well for the writers to be divided into four classes. Let those who use Book First belong to the first division; and let those who use Book Second, belong to the second division, &c. If the first and second divisions were to write in the forenoon, and the third and fourth divisions in the afternoon, it would undoubtedly afford the teacher a better opportunity of giving particular instruction to each scholar. The limits of the work admit only of general directions. It is left with teachers to give any further instructions which may be necessary. Sitting, and Laying the Paper. Sit at a convenient distance, and incline the left side towards the desk, without leaning upon, or even touching it with the body; by which means, the right shoulder will extend further from the desk than the left, and give a natural and true slope to the writing. Let the paper lie parallel with the edge of the desk, and at a small distance to the right of the body. Rest lightly on the left arm, and with the fingers of the left hand, keep the paper firm and smooth, placing them below the line, near the pen. The body should incline a little forward, and the head answer to this inclination, without resting on either shoulder. Keep the elbow of the right arm at a small distance from the side, and let the arm rest lightly upon the desk about half way between the end of the fingers and the elbow. Holding the Pen. The pen should be held loosely, between the end of the thumb and middle finger near the corner of the nail of each; the fore-finger should lie on the top, or back of the pen, and be just as low as the top of the nail of the middle finger: the distance from the middle to the point of the pen, should be at least half an inch. The joints of the thumb should extend outward, and the end be raised about as high as the first joint of the fore-finger. Incline the third and fourth fingers under, towards the hollow of the hand, and rest lightly on the ends of each. The pen should be held with the feather ranging over the right shoulder, so that the teeth of it may have equal pressure on the paper. (See the Hands on the title page.) General Directions. Write one page of each lesson. The number of lessons in this book is thirty-five. (See Plate in the middle of the book.) The copies are to be cut out, and placed before the learner. In the first place, cut out a slip embracing seven lessons. When these are written, cut out three lines more, &c. On the right hand page, cut out a slip embracing the capitals and figures. When these are written, cut out the remaining six lines, and write a page of each word. Lesson I. Write about forty straight marks on a line, and eight lines on a page, leaving two spaces between the lines. The distance from one ruled line to another we will call a space. The marks in the first lesson are drawn three spaces in length. Set them equally distant, and give them all the same slope. The second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh lessons, are drawn three spaces in length. Lesson II. Write one page of this character, joining them together near the top. Set about thirty of them on a line; write eight lines on a page, leaving two spaces between the lines. Lesson III. Write one page of this character, joining them together near the bottom. Set about thirty of them on a line; write eight lines on a page, leaving two spaces between the lines. Lesson IV. Write one page of this character, forming the top and bottom turns alike, and setting about twenty-four of them on a line. All top and bottom turns should be made without lifting the pen from the paper. This character forms the last part of m, n, p, and h, and the first part of y. What character forms the first part of m and n?