De Beavelicki 1964 Carreras Feb 19 Purity Suarez, Isla Espanola, Galapagos. The other with the wings and bill open and the second flew off. before attack bird with head up and bill slightly open stands with tail slightly up, back high but not extreme. Carpals are in until it attacks bird [scribble]. Saw 4 gulls do this, tail up about one inch. Carpals not moved until wing goes out. The neck is thick when bill closed, thins so head stands out as bird opens. The neck is thin in the rattle-whistle and when the bill is open and the head up and forward. Often when the neck is thick, the bird will not attack an intruder. The thick ness of the neck seems to correlate with the tendency a bird will show to attack. A thin-necked bird always attacks an approaching bird and birds coming in often veer off from ledges occupied by birds with thin necks, bills open. 2 birds with thin necks, carpals down, exposed (opposed the body) head up + forward, bill open, facing each other. After 2 seconds one attacked + chased away the other. A third bird with a short