Fourth Archbold Expedition to New Guinea 1953 Territory of Papua
Page 87
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Transcription
become sufficiently attractive. In the autumn, when the insects are looking for places in a which to hibernate, exceptionally fine catches are to be expected. At this season,a band of cloth wrapped around a tree trunk will also shortly be inhabited. If you are interested in ant guests, put a slab of wood over every ant-hill you can find. In a few weeks the ants will have formed, under some of them, galleries which are open to inspection every time you care to lift the lid. Bark beetles and borers which infest dying and dead trees can be attracted by cutting branches of appropriate trees and hanging them up in some place convenient to the collector. As the sap ferments and the wood dries, there will be a succession of visitors which you may capture by beating the branches at intervals. Assorted small carcasses, or bits of larger ones, if exposed in remote places, will summon carrion- beetles, rove-beetles and many other insects to the feast. If you leave them where the civic sanitation committee can find them, however, they will never get ripe enough to reach maximum efficiency. Insects which are pedestrian by habit are often taken in an empty wide-mouthed bottle or tin can, buried to the lip in the earth, and shielded from rain and light by a stone or piece of wood sufficiently elevated to allow the insects access to the trap. Once in, they cannot climb out, and so remain until you call for them. The efficiency of this arrangement is in- creased by baiting the jar with a bit of rotten meat, or with a sweet fermenting syrup such as is described below for use in "sugaring" for moths. Specimens which drown in syrup have to be washed with water before mounting. Traps of this kind must be inspected every two or three days, if the specimens are to be found in good condition. The Rummel trap, devised by a skilled professional collector, is effective for the capture of some flying species which do not come to lights; and it is relatively easy to construct. As shown in the picture, fig. 13, it consists chiefly of a cylinder of wire screen covered by a solid lid. It stands upon three or four feet which elevate it about three-quarters of an inch. inside of the cylinder, and fitting it at the bottom edge, is a cone of wire screen with an opening three quarters of an inch across at its apex. Under the cone is a saucer filled with fruit stewed in sugar and allowed to ferment, a process which may be hastened by the addition of a little yeast. The insects, attracted by the smell, crawl under the edge of the cylinder, between the feet. When they have fed to repletion, they fly upward. Striking the screen, they crawl through the central aperture into the covered cage, where most of them go to sleep. It is convenient to build this trap to fit inside a five gallon covered paint pail, made into an anesthetising chamber on the principle of the 13 ethyl acetate killing jar. Before opening the trap, place it in the pail for a few minutes, to quiet the specimens, then dump them onto a sifting-cloth for sorting. The pail also serves as a carrying case for the trap, and as a stand upon which to set it while in use. Success in using this trap depends upon selection of an advantageous station, usually one on a stump or Fig. 13. Diagram of the Rummel Trap. A. Tin pot lid. B. Wire screen cylinder, soldered to rim of lid. C. Wire screen cone, to which are soldered the feet made by bending a strip of thin metal into an appropriate shape. D. Cotter pins passing through holes in the feet and fastening the cylinder and the cone together. Trap is opened by removing these pins. E. Saucer set in plaster of paris and containing bait. F. Five gallon paint pail. G. Layer of plaster to absorb the anesthetic used to quiet the specimens for sorting. rock in open woods. Forest paths and clearings are especially appropriate. The season and atmospheric conditions also influence the catch profoundly, warm, still, humid weather being most satisfactory. More specimens enter the trap during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk than at other times, least during the heat of the day. Most of the creatures attracted to the trap are moths and butterflies, although there will be some beetles, bugs, and a few other kinds of insects among them. For perfect, unrubbed specimens, inspect the trap daily. A trap line of ten or a dozen traps may be profitably maintained from early spring to late fall.