Anderson 1956 Ambystoma macrodactylum 83 Valencia Lagoon, Rio del Mar, Santa Cruz Co., Calif. Oct 7. 7 juveniles captured, marked + released. All taken just under leaf litter at North East end of pond area under a spreading willow tree. The willow cover the area so as to keep it almost entirely shaded. Leaf litter is up to 1/2" deep. Soil under litter is dark + moist. Contrasted with soil of surrounding area it is loose + movable, not caked + too packed hard as it in exposed areas or at feet of willow clumps. No water could be squeezed out of soil but it could be molded into a pellet which did not break or crumble when tapped. Temp under leaf litter 15.4°C, air temp 1/2" above litter 15.2°C. 1 salamander was found 1" inside of a shallow, small (1" diameter) burrow. Another was found 8" inside of some burrow. Remaining 5 were near surface, usually in a cup like depression + always under litter. All were coiled tightly when found + made no attempt to escape. Time 3:15 pm (PST). At 6:45 (PST), 3 1/4 hr after dark this same region was checked with a colmon lantern + one of the Ambystoma was found moving over the litter slowly. It pushed under the litter using snout + disappeared quickly. This was one of the animals marked in the afternoon. 10 Ambystoma were marked as they crossed Bonta Rd. All but two were moving (or foraging) from pond area towards the oak woods. The two exceptions were foraging E and parallel to pond area. There were all taken between 6:30 + 9:50 pm [crossed out] (PST) at 6:40 when # 62 was taken temp at surface of Rd was 16.2°C; scale held against side of salamander read 16.0°C. At 7:35 when Nos. 64 + 65 were taken (65 just as it emerged from brush on pond side of road) temp 1/2" above litter at roadside was 15.8°C. Temp in litter was 15.6°C # 63 was taken on road foraging pond at 9:50 (2 hrs + 25 min) after marking. Temp 1/4 above road 14.6°C.