1978 Ronald L. Mumme Melanerpes formicivorus General Notes (14 Dec) 5 Contributions to intraspecific territorial defense-- Walter did some experiments with Junior (as a juv.) and thought that younger birds defended more. Certainly a fruitful area for further consideration. Walt recommended caged birds hoisted up in granary, although stuffed birds showing some kind of movement might also do the trick. Experiments using 0?, ?, or juveniles at various times of the annual cycle might be interesting. Difficulty will lie in recording responses clearly and systematically. 6 Dominance hierarchy -- Experiments like the one MacRoberts did, with artificial chunks of granary laced with acorns, might be interesting. 7 Time activity budgets -- Again Walter has some data but needs more. Analysis of budgets for birds of different group status might be fun.