Ballanae 1988 Journal dissapear. Many of the shrubs have small runaways that radiate from the litter or grasses at their base. The vegetation was as follows. The flats were dominated by Ephedra + low grasses. All of the grass cover appeared to have been mowed (only leaves + flower stalks remained), not one seed head could be found on a grass plant. All of the grass had been clipped at a uniform height. This is due to the seed harvesting by D. ingens. Ro The soil was a loosely compacted clay of fine texture. It would hold together firmly but once crushed was a fine powder. Ravines were dominated by Ephedra, Hymenoxys, and a Bapplopeppus as well as 2+ compositas. Ballana ravines had gradually sloped banks + sandy to pebbly soil. Deeper ravines (>4 ft) had steep sides + rockier, coarser soil. Some scouring must occur along the bottoms of steep ravines