Holmes 1963 53 C. melantor 17 July Barrow, Alaska Today scattered individuals present. Also flock of 8♂+9♀ (112♂, 4%) were noted. In addition, group 12-6♂ were also noted. More added to the confusion, a few plot birds Sometimes it was difficult to separate breeding females from non-breeding or non-settled birds. In creches - there were so many ♂ - it was impossible to tell who was who. A brooding ♂ was less different - usually the postern end is sticking out into the air over lower the chest. In posture - The bird does not waddle more. Also, brooding bird will never fly off a nest + gives call note at nest area first, until she has moved a certain distance from the nest. - It is just the opposite with non-settled birds. Also the last would take flight & so out (light - frustrating, after cooing one for 15 min - waiting for her to go back to the nest!). Also, the female nest & I think more often when they have chicks - gives a different call note - in addition to the regular ♀ call note. One is a rolled rather quilted trill - which is strikingly similar to the vocalization of a tundra - [illegible]