Holmes, R. 1963 26. C. melanotus 21 June Barrow, Alaska running side by side - pecking at the ground - (upright posture seen) - then after covering ~10' - they would resume high aerial chasing. This went on for 2 hours or more - these flights were over territories which were being defended by 88 - low km ground (superficial high flyers) - No other chasers were involved. Later - Then 2 were seen closest hand & they appeared to be young birds. Tail action in aerially displaying 88 seems to be involved in signal function. In flight. The tail is spread + rotated both sides during the flight so that the light gray outer section & the white tail covert can be seen from the side. This action is given during the glide component The dipler - it may also function as a rudder. The density of birds today was just as great if not greater than last time. There were 2 flocks of wandering 88 at Ample (5+1) - which seemed to be young males. Also - 3/4 the settled birds had white boots - 1st year.