Image from the Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Contributed by Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley.
| www.biodiversitylibrary.org
Transcription
damned
June 21
itself combats within its species all those traits of malice that are based on fear and which, in the case of some species, can be traced back to the very beginning. For instance, when a bird is attacked by another bird of the same kind, it replies with a certain kind of cry. If this reply is not answered, then the bird will attack the one who made the sound.
This behavior, which seems to be based on fear and malice, is also found in other animals. For example, when a dog barks at another dog, it is doing so out of fear or aggression. Similarly, when a cat hisses at another cat, it is expressing its anger or fear.
The same principle applies to humans as well. When someone insults another person, they are often doing so out of fear or jealousy. In turn, the insulted person may respond with their own insults or aggressive behavior.
However, it is important to note that not all instances of aggression are based on fear or malice. Sometimes, people act aggressively because they believe they have a right to do so. For example, a bully may pick on someone who is weaker than them because they feel superior.
In conclusion, while fear and malice can play a role in aggressive behavior, it is not the only factor. Other factors such as power dynamics, cultural norms, and individual psychology also contribute to how people behave towards others.