D. De Bredaich's 1965 Calidris melanotos 23 June Barrow Alaska - (cont.) same two 2's flew towards us the two giving the "hoopit" call and [illegible] near a trough about 15 feet away (? side by side); we then attempted to jump on top of another, the 2nd circling and pushing, the 1st off with its bill; they grabbed at each other's nostrils and wings with their beaks; The impression given was that each tried to mount the other; postures taken during this battle were an alert with loose chest.① ② ③ ② a crouch with tail up often gives when a bird was being mounted and ③ a parallel crouch with tail down gives by both birds on 3 occasions. At one time one ① [illegible] the other with tail down hold it by its nose while trying to make contact; each of the birds jumped on and over each other so they appeared to roll. The 1st on top was clearly seen to attempt to make cloacal contact, although this was never successful, and the impression given was off a copulation with an unwilling ④. After the third parallel crouch the two birds got up, the rear bird giving the "hoopit" call; often they had gone about 25 feet the front bird coaled as well.