tops of dirt clods, some ice on rivers. Vegetation here is about an equal mixture of Festuca orthophylla, Salsidophyllum quadrangulare, another yellow-flowered but open- leafed Tola (more abundant than quadrangulare), lots of Pagenophyl- llum, a few tiny spiny Margynoporus or Tetraglochin only a few inches tall, and a sprinkling of heavily grazed short grasses. Ctenonup is here, eating branches of its Salsidophyllum; Puna mineræ, ducks. Left camp at 10, which was 1 mile of Challapalca and the Rio Mauri. Many two-twoes between there and the divide, auto air, with drifting sand in places. The divide is really double, both about 15,400 ft and 8 miles apart. The eastern pass is almost totally barren, much good garreta between the two. Saw one vicuña and some droppings; no tixanusa or vicuña. Lots of yard Tola + Festuca east of the passes. Milages and altitudes as follows: speedometer altitudes Rio Mauri 653.3 miles 13,880 Pass #1 662.0 15,420 Pass #2 670.6 15,380 Beison Pampa above tarata 685.9 12,900 Lower Pampa 687.7 12,600 1st Coctus (Cotichelba) 12,350 Tharuy Bustle 12,250 My Camp from 1951 692.5 11,540 Eucalyptus 11,200 molle 10,400 Tarata 699.2 10,320