no permanent solutions, saw about 4 herds of deer, and saw love guanaco twice. A carder took off from humerby ground near the road; no food there. There is some small-island country off-reaching the base from the east, but essentially nothing on the west side of the pass all the way down to Copafco. Laguna Verde is salt, thermal, Tobo fire, with flamingos, ducks and [illegible]; no vegetation around it. Camped on beach north of caldera. Dec 29 Drove through autopoqueta (4 hrs to get visas etc) and camped at midnight in nitrate jungle in Tarafuco north of Vicoria. Only vegetation from Copafco was a "forest" of planted acacrobos: in southern Tarafuco, but we passed them at night. Dec 30 Arrived Arica about 11a.m., Drive shaft bearing finally gave out in downtown Arica!! Fixed by 1p.m. and drove to Tacro to put Anita + Alison place. Camped at our Tillodios study area outside Tacro. Sky almost clear, breeze from Tacro. Dec 31 Sky almost clear at 6a.m., no dew, breeze from inland (north). Our footprints on the study area are still almost but not quite fresh. The ground here is sandy on the surface, with quartz crystals, but powdery underneath, obviously wind-scoured by gentle breezes: stamping your feet stirs up dust. The powdery soil goes down at least a foot; no blooms on the Tillodios. Drove to Tarata and then up to yapato camp. Brief but fierce